integration clause in Wisconsin

11 Wisconsin opinions name it 2 courts 1943–2026 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Wisconsin courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (4)

Case	Followed	Cited
Town Bank v. City Real Estate Development, LLCgreen wis · 2010 · cited in 5 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 2013–2026 2 sentences 2026Dev., LLC, 2010 WI 134, ¶39 , 330 Wis. 2d 340 , 793 N.W.2d 476 . “[A]n unambiguous merger or integration clause demonstrates that the parties intended the contract to be a final and complete expression of their agreement.” Id. ¶29 The integration clause in the policy clearly and unambiguously states that the policy contains “all the agreements” between Mesa and Kerstner “concerning the insurance afforded.” We agree with Mesa that the policy’s use of this broad language demonstrates that “if a separate agreement to procure coverage existed, that agreement would be written down in the [p]olicy.” 2026Dev., LLC, 2010 WI 134, ¶39 , 330 Wis. 2d 340 , 793 N.W.2d 476 . “[A]n unambiguous merger or integration clause demonstrates that the parties intended the contract to be a final and complete expression of their agreement.” Id. ¶29 The integration clause in the policy clearly and unambiguously states that the policy contains “all the agreements” between Mesa and Kerstner “concerning the insurance afforded.” We agree with Mesa that the policy’s use of this broad language demonstrates that “if a separate agreement to procure coverage existed, that agreement would be written down in the [p]olicy.”	2	5
Grube v. Daungreen wisctapp · 1992 · cited in 2 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 2006–2023 2 sentences 2023Dev., LLC, 2006 WI App 132, ¶31 , 294 Wis. 2d 800 , 720 N.W.2d 716 (“In conjunction with the parol evidence rule, an integration clause generally bars the introduction of extrinsic evidence to ‘vary or contradict 14 No. 2020AP1937 the terms of a writing.’ Absent claims of duress, fraud, or mutual mistake, integration clauses are given effect.” (footnote and citation omitted)); see also Grube v. Daun, 173 Wis. 2d 30, 59-60 , 496 N.W.2d 106 (Ct. App. 1992), overruled on other grounds by Marks v. Houston Cas. 2023Dev., LLC, 2006 WI App 132, ¶31 , 294 Wis. 2d 800 , 720 N.W.2d 716 (“In conjunction with the parol evidence rule, an integration clause generally bars the introduction of extrinsic evidence to ‘vary or contradict 14 No. 2020AP1937 the terms of a writing.’ Absent claims of duress, fraud, or mutual mistake, integration clauses are given effect.” (footnote and citation omitted)); see also Grube v. Daun, 173 Wis. 2d 30, 59-60 , 496 N.W.2d 106 (Ct. App. 1992), overruled on other grounds by Marks v. Houston Cas.	2	2
Kenneth P. Bidlack v. Wheelabrator Corporationgreen ca7 · 1993 · cited in 2 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013 2 sentences 2013An integration clause "does not bar the use of extrinsic evidence to clarify the meaning of 19 No. 2011AP1451.dtp an ambiguous text." Roth v. City of Glendale, 2000 WI 100, ¶49 , 237 Wis. 2d 173 , 614 N.W.2d 467 (Sykes, J., concurring) (quoting Bidlack v. Wheelabrator Corp., 993 F.2d 603, 608 (7th Cir. 1993)); see also Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 214 (extrinsic evidence is admissible to establish the meaning of a writing even if integrated). ¶102 If there is an integration clause, courts "may not consider evidence of any prior or contemporaneous oral or written agreement between the pa 2013An integration clause "does not bar the use of extrinsic evidence to clarify the meaning of an ambiguous text." Roth v. City of Glendale, 2000 WI 100, ¶ 49 , 237 Wis. 2d 173 , 614 N.W.2d 467 (Sykes, J., concurring) (quoting Bidlack v. Wheelabrator Corp., 993 F.2d 603, 608 (7th Cir. 1993)); see also Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 214 (extrinsic evidence is admissible to establish the meaning of a writing even if integrated). ¶ 102.	2	2
Kailin v. Armstronggreen wisctapp · 2002 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006 1 sentence 2006We begin by noting that Peterson correctly asserts, and Cornerstone properly concedes, that a Wis. Stat. § 100.18 (1) claim is not barred by the economic loss doctrine under Kailin, 252 Wis. 2d 676, ¶ 43 ("We conclude the economic loss doctrine does not apply to claims under Wis. Stat. 100.18.").	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Wisconsin. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (15)

Case	Cited	Years
Peterson v. Cornerstone Property Development, LLC green wisctapp · 2006 2 sentences 2023Dev., LLC, 2006 WI App 132, ¶31 , 294 Wis. 2d 800 , 720 N.W.2d 716 (“In conjunction with the parol evidence rule, an integration clause generally bars the introduction of extrinsic evidence to ‘vary or contradict 14 No. 2020AP1937 the terms of a writing.’ Absent claims of duress, fraud, or mutual mistake, integration clauses are given effect.” (footnote and citation omitted)); see also Grube v. Daun, 173 Wis. 2d 30, 59-60 , 496 N.W.2d 106 (Ct. App. 1992), overruled on other grounds by Marks v. Houston Cas. 2023Dev., LLC, 2006 WI App 132, ¶31 , 294 Wis. 2d 800 , 720 N.W.2d 716 (“In conjunction with the parol evidence rule, an integration clause generally bars the introduction of extrinsic evidence to ‘vary or contradict 14 No. 2020AP1937 the terms of a writing.’ Absent claims of duress, fraud, or mutual mistake, integration clauses are given effect.” (footnote and citation omitted)); see also Grube v. Daun, 173 Wis. 2d 30, 59-60 , 496 N.W.2d 106 (Ct. App. 1992), overruled on other grounds by Marks v. Houston Cas.	3	2013–2023
Ziegler Co., Inc. v. Rexnord, Inc. green wis · 1987 2 sentences 2013If a contract contains "an unambiguous merger or integration clause, the court is barred from considering evidence of any prior or contemporaneous understandings or agreements between the parties, even as to the issue of integration." Id., ¶39; Peterson v. Cornerstone Property Development, LLC, 2006 WI App 132, ¶31 , 294 Wis. 2d 800 , 720 N.W.2d 716 (quoting Ziegler Co. v. Rexnord, Inc., 139 Wis. 2d 593 , 608-09 n.11, 407 N.W.2d 873 (1987)) (courts may not consider extrinsic evidence to "vary or contradict the terms of a writing" when the contract is fully integrated). ¶31 In this case, as quo 2013If a contract contains "an unambiguous merger or integration clause, the court is barred from considering evidence of any prior or contemporaneous understandings or agreements between the parties, even as to the issue of integration." Id., ¶39; Peterson v. Cornerstone Property Development, LLC, 2006 WI App 132, ¶31 , 294 Wis. 2d 800 , 720 N.W.2d 716 (quoting Ziegler Co. v. Rexnord, Inc., 139 Wis. 2d 593 , 608-09 n.11, 407 N.W.2d 873 (1987)) (courts may not consider extrinsic evidence to "vary or contradict the terms of a writing" when the contract is fully integrated). ¶31 In this case, as quo	3	2006–2013
Roth v. City of Glendale green wis · 2000 2 sentences 2013An integration clause "does not bar the use of extrinsic evidence to clarify the meaning of an ambiguous text." Roth v. City of Glendale, 2000 WI 100, ¶ 49 , 237 Wis. 2d 173 , 614 N.W.2d 467 (Sykes, J., concurring) (quoting Bidlack v. Wheelabrator Corp., 993 F.2d 603, 608 (7th Cir. 1993)); see also Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 214 (extrinsic evidence is admissible to establish the meaning of a writing even if integrated). ¶ 102. 2013An integration clause "does not bar the use of extrinsic evidence to clarify the meaning of an ambiguous text." Roth v. City of Glendale, 2000 WI 100, ¶ 49 , 237 Wis. 2d 173 , 614 N.W.2d 467 (Sykes, J., concurring) (quoting Bidlack v. Wheelabrator Corp., 993 F.2d 603, 608 (7th Cir. 1993)); see also Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 214 (extrinsic evidence is admissible to establish the meaning of a writing even if integrated). ¶ 102.	2	2013–2013
David M. Marks v. Houston Casualty Company green wis · 2016 2 sentences 2023Co., 2016 WI 53, ¶75 , 369 Wis. 2d 547 , 881 N.W.2d 309 (“Wisconsin follows the general rule that integration clauses which negate the existence of any representations not incorporated into the contract may not be used to escape liability for the misrepresentations.”). ¶30 Pat and Lori argue, however, that the circuit court “did not apply or address the parol evidence rule in its [o]rder, so the corresponding accusation of error is unfounded and inappropriate.” To be clear, while the court did not specifically reference the “parol evidence rule” in its oral ruling or written order, it did incl 2023Co., 2016 WI 53, ¶75 , 369 Wis. 2d 547 , 881 N.W.2d 309 (“Wisconsin follows the general rule that integration clauses which negate the existence of any representations not incorporated into the contract may not be used to escape liability for the misrepresentations.”). ¶30 Pat and Lori argue, however, that the circuit court “did not apply or address the parol evidence rule in its [o]rder, so the corresponding accusation of error is unfounded and inappropriate.” To be clear, while the court did not specifically reference the “parol evidence rule” in its oral ruling or written order, it did incl	1	2023–2023
Peter M. Chalik & Associates v. Hermes green wis · 1972 1 sentence 2018First, Chalik establishes that a discrepancy in price between the listing contract and the offer to purchase may be a substantial variance as a matter of law. 56 Wis. 2d at 155 .	1	2018–2018
Amjad T. Tufail v. Midwest Hospitality, LLC green wis · 2013 2 sentences 2018Tufail v. Midwest Hospitality, LLC , 2013 WI 62 , ¶ 30, 348 Wis. 2d 631 , 833 N.W.2d 586 . 2018Tufail v. Midwest Hospitality, LLC , 2013 WI 62 , ¶ 30, 348 Wis. 2d 631 , 833 N.W.2d 586 .	1	2018–2018
Kramer v. Alpine Valley Resort, Inc. green wis · 1982 2 sentences 2006We understand Steinhafels to argue that even if disclosures need not ordinarily appear within the four corners of a listing contract, it was important for Wangard's listing contract to contain such disclosures "because that document contained an integration clause that indicated it was 'the complete agreement of the parties.'" Steinhafels cites to Kramer v. Alpine Valley Resort, Inc., 108 Wis. 2d 417, 426 , 321 N.W.2d 293 (1982), for the proposition that when parties to a contract intend a writing to be the final expression of their agreement, the terms of the writing cannot be varied by evide 2006We understand Steinhafels to argue that even if disclosures need not ordinarily appear within the four corners of a listing contract, it was important for Wangard's listing contract to contain such disclosures "because that document contained an integration clause that indicated it was 'the complete agreement of the parties.'" Steinhafels cites to Kramer v. Alpine Valley Resort, Inc., 108 Wis. 2d 417, 426 , 321 N.W.2d 293 (1982), for the proposition that when parties to a contract intend a writing to be the final expression of their agreement, the terms of the writing cannot be varied by evide	1	2006–2006
Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Bucyrus-Erie Co. green wis · 1986 2 sentences 2006In Grube , we noted that to be effective, disclaimers in the form of integration clauses will not be honored, as matter of public policy, unless the disclaimer is specific as to the tort that is being disclaimed and the disclaimer makes it "apparent that an express bargain was struck to forego the possibility of tort recovery in exchange for negotiated alternative economic damages." 173 Wis. 2d at 60 (citing Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Bucyrus-Erie Co., 131 Wis. 2d 21, 33 , 388 N.W.2d 584 (1986)). 2006In Grube , we noted that to be effective, disclaimers in the form of integration clauses will not be honored, as matter of public policy, unless the disclaimer is specific as to the tort that is being disclaimed and the disclaimer makes it "apparent that an express bargain was struck to forego the possibility of tort recovery in exchange for negotiated alternative economic damages." 173 Wis. 2d at 60 (citing Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Bucyrus-Erie Co., 131 Wis. 2d 21, 33 , 388 N.W.2d 584 (1986)).	1	2006–2006
Harold L. Bushendorf v. Freightliner Corporation green ca7 · 1994 1 sentence 1994The motor vehicle purchase contract voided all oral representations unless reduced to writing: "No oral representations are binding unless written on this form and all terms of the agreement are printed or written herein." As stated in Bushendorf, 13 F.3d at 1027 , the salesperson's representation "was an oral warranty made in precontractual negotiation and not *445 repeated in the written contract — which contains an integration clause.	1	1994–1994
Dairyland Equipment Leasing, Inc. v. Bohen green wis · 1980 2 sentences 1987Rexnord cites In re Spring Valley Meats, Inc., 94 Wis. 2d 600, 606-08 , 288 N.W.2d 852 (1980), a case holding that an integration clause, in conjunction with the parole evidence rule, bars the introduction of 609 extrinsic evidence to vary or contradict the terms of a writing. 1987Rexnord cites In re Spring Valley Meats, Inc., 94 Wis. 2d 600, 606-08 , 288 N.W.2d 852 (1980), a case holding that an integration clause, in conjunction with the parole evidence rule, bars the introduction of 609 extrinsic evidence to vary or contradict the terms of a writing.	1	1987–1987
In Re Integration of the Nebraska State Bar Ass'n green neb · 1937 2 sentences 1943In re Integration of Nebraska State Bar Asso. (1937) 133 Neb. 283 , 275 N. W. 265 ; Matter of Richards (1933), 333 Mo. 907 , 63 S. W. (2d) 672 ; Clark v. Austin (1937), 340 Mo. 467 , 101 S. W. (2d) 977 ; Matter of Pate (1937), 232 Mo. App. 478 , 107 S. W. (2d) 157 ; Campbell v. Third District Com. of Virginia State Bar (1942), 179 Va. 244 , 18 S. E. (2d) 883 ; Commonwealth ex rel. 1943In re Integration of Nebraska State Bar Asso. (1937) 133 Neb. 283 , 275 N. W. 265 ; Matter of Richards (1933), 333 Mo. 907 , 63 S. W. (2d) 672 ; Clark v. Austin (1937), 340 Mo. 467 , 101 S. W. (2d) 977 ; Matter of Pate (1937), 232 Mo. App. 478 , 107 S. W. (2d) 157 ; Campbell v. Third District Com. of Virginia State Bar (1942), 179 Va. 244 , 18 S. E. (2d) 883 ; Commonwealth ex rel.	1	1943–1943
In Re Proceedings Against Richards for Disbarment green · 1933 2 sentences 1943In re Integration of Nebraska State Bar Asso. (1937) 133 Neb. 283 , 275 N. W. 265 ; Matter of Richards (1933), 333 Mo. 907 , 63 S. W. (2d) 672 ; Clark v. Austin (1937), 340 Mo. 467 , 101 S. W. (2d) 977 ; Matter of Pate (1937), 232 Mo. App. 478 , 107 S. W. (2d) 157 ; Campbell v. Third District Com. of Virginia State Bar (1942), 179 Va. 244 , 18 S. E. (2d) 883 ; Commonwealth ex rel. 1943In re Integration of Nebraska State Bar Asso. (1937) 133 Neb. 283 , 275 N. W. 265 ; Matter of Richards (1933), 333 Mo. 907 , 63 S. W. (2d) 672 ; Clark v. Austin (1937), 340 Mo. 467 , 101 S. W. (2d) 977 ; Matter of Pate (1937), 232 Mo. App. 478 , 107 S. W. (2d) 157 ; Campbell v. Third District Com. of Virginia State Bar (1942), 179 Va. 244 , 18 S. E. (2d) 883 ; Commonwealth ex rel.	1	1943–1943
In the Matter of Sharon J. Pate green moctapp · 1938 1 sentence 1943In re Integration of Nebraska State Bar Asso. (1937) 133 Neb. 283 , 275 N. W. 265 ; Matter of Richards (1933), 333 Mo. 907 , 63 S. W. (2d) 672 ; Clark v. Austin (1937), 340 Mo. 467 , 101 S. W. (2d) 977 ; Matter of Pate (1937), 232 Mo. App. 478 , 107 S. W. (2d) 157 ; Campbell v. Third District Com. of Virginia State Bar (1942), 179 Va. 244 , 18 S. E. (2d) 883 ; Commonwealth ex rel.	1	1943–1943
Clark v. Austin green · 1937 2 sentences 1943In re Integration of Nebraska State Bar Asso. (1937) 133 Neb. 283 , 275 N. W. 265 ; Matter of Richards (1933), 333 Mo. 907 , 63 S. W. (2d) 672 ; Clark v. Austin (1937), 340 Mo. 467 , 101 S. W. (2d) 977 ; Matter of Pate (1937), 232 Mo. App. 478 , 107 S. W. (2d) 157 ; Campbell v. Third District Com. of Virginia State Bar (1942), 179 Va. 244 , 18 S. E. (2d) 883 ; Commonwealth ex rel. 1943In re Integration of Nebraska State Bar Asso. (1937) 133 Neb. 283 , 275 N. W. 265 ; Matter of Richards (1933), 333 Mo. 907 , 63 S. W. (2d) 672 ; Clark v. Austin (1937), 340 Mo. 467 , 101 S. W. (2d) 977 ; Matter of Pate (1937), 232 Mo. App. 478 , 107 S. W. (2d) 157 ; Campbell v. Third District Com. of Virginia State Bar (1942), 179 Va. 244 , 18 S. E. (2d) 883 ; Commonwealth ex rel.	1	1943–1943
Campbell v. Third District Committee of the Virginia State Bar green va · 1942 2 sentences 1943In re Integration of Nebraska State Bar Asso. (1937) 133 Neb. 283 , 275 N. W. 265 ; Matter of Richards (1933), 333 Mo. 907 , 63 S. W. (2d) 672 ; Clark v. Austin (1937), 340 Mo. 467 , 101 S. W. (2d) 977 ; Matter of Pate (1937), 232 Mo. App. 478 , 107 S. W. (2d) 157 ; Campbell v. Third District Com. of Virginia State Bar (1942), 179 Va. 244 , 18 S. E. (2d) 883 ; Commonwealth ex rel. 1943In re Integration of Nebraska State Bar Asso. (1937) 133 Neb. 283 , 275 N. W. 265 ; Matter of Richards (1933), 333 Mo. 907 , 63 S. W. (2d) 672 ; Clark v. Austin (1937), 340 Mo. 467 , 101 S. W. (2d) 977 ; Matter of Pate (1937), 232 Mo. App. 478 , 107 S. W. (2d) 157 ; Campbell v. Third District Com. of Virginia State Bar (1942), 179 Va. 244 , 18 S. E. (2d) 883 ; Commonwealth ex rel.	1	1943–1943

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WI § Wis. Stat. § 100.18 (5) WI § Wis. Stat. § 802.08 (4) WI § Wis. Stat. § 808.10 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

PA 102 (1974–2026) CA 93 (1951–2026) IL 59 (1981–2025) DE 50 (2003–2026) OH 42 (1995–2026) IN 37 (1986–2025) MI 35 (1998–2026) MA 31 (1979–2025) WA 28 (1969–2024) NY 26 (1982–2024) IA 21 (1981–2026) MD 20 (1949–2025) VA 20 (1964–2024) UT 20 (1988–2026) TX 20 (1992–2025) FL 15 (1959–2016) OR 15 (1978–2022) WI 11 (1943–2026) NC 10 (1991–2026) MN 9 (1961–2015) ME 8 (1985–2019) AL 8 (1985–2018) AZ 8 (1987–2026) DC 8 (1992–2025) SC 7 (1988–2011) CO 6 (1991–2025) NM 6 (1963–2024) MO 6 (1998–2023) TN 6 (2012–2026) NV 5 (1986–2021) MT 5 (1984–1994) GA 4 (2005–2023) NH 4 (1982–2006) NJ 4 (1990–2025) CT 4 (1997–2025) WY 4 (1978–2021) KS 4 (2006–2023) WV 2 (2010–2020) SD 2 (1959–2011) AK 2 (2003–2014) MS 2 (2000–2005)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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