meritorious nature claim (New York) · Go Syfert
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meritorious nature claim in New York

66 New York opinions name it 5 courts 1980–2025 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (14)

CaseFollowedCited
Fiore v. Galanggreen
ny · 1985 · cited in 11 New York opinions naming this issue, 1985–2000
2 sentences

2000That issue is not a matter within the ordinary experience of laypersons (see, Mosberg v Elahi, 80 NY2d 941 ; Fiore v Galang, 64 NY2d 999 ), and the injured plaintiff failed to submit her own affidavit and an affidavit of merit by a medical expert competent to attest to the meritorious nature of her claim.

1991Under the circumstances, the plaintiff’s failure to submit her own affidavit and an affidavit of merit by a medical expert competent to attest to the meritorious nature of her claim mandates dismissal of the complaint (see, Fiore v Galang, supra; Salch v Paratore, 60 NY2d 851 ; Reed v Friedman, 117 AD2d 661 ; Vernon v Nassau County Med.

111
Fiore v. Galanggreen
nyappdiv · 1984 · cited in 7 New York opinions naming this issue, 1985–1994
2 sentences

1994Yet, "the Court of Appeals has held that the defaulting party is still required to supply not only a reasonable excuse for the delay, but also an affidavit of merits from a person competent to attest to the meritorious nature of the claim” (Fiore v Galang, supra, at 971; see, Fidelity & Deposit Co. v Andersen & Co., 60 NY2d 693 ).

1989Although law office failure may justify a default, the defaulting party is still required to supply an affidavit of merits from a person competent to attest to the meritorious nature of the claim (Fiore v Galang, 64 NY2d 999 , affg 105 AD2d 970 ).

17
FID. & DEPOSIT CO. OF MARYLAND v. Arthur Andersen & Co.green
ny · 1983 · cited in 4 New York opinions naming this issue, 1984–1994
2 sentences

1994Yet, "the Court of Appeals has held that the defaulting party is still required to supply not only a reasonable excuse for the delay, but also an affidavit of merits from a person competent to attest to the meritorious nature of the claim” (Fiore v Galang, supra, at 971; see, Fidelity & Deposit Co. v Andersen & Co., 60 NY2d 693 ).

1985While courts now have the discretion to excuse defaults where law office failure is the cause of the default (CPLR 2005, as added by L 1983, ch 318), the Court of Appeals has held that the defaulting party is still required to provide not only a reasonable excuse for the delay, but also an affidavit of merits from a person competent to attest to the meritorious nature of the claim (Fidelity & Deposit Co. v Andersen & Co., 60 NY2d 693, 695 ).

14
Sortino v. Fishergreen
nyappdiv · 1963 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 1980–1984
2 sentences

1984In this regard it was incumbent upon the plaintiff herein, who is alleging a cause of action based on medical malpractice, to submit an affidavit containing evidentiary facts by a person competent to attest to the meritorious nature of his claim, i.e., a physician (Sortino v Fisher, supra; Hatcher v City of New York, 99 AD2d 481 ; Berman v Brunswick Hosp.

1980In an order which was not appealed, Special Term granted the defendants’ motions, with leave to the plaintiff to move within 20 days to vacate that dismissal upon papers "demonstrating an excuse for the delay and a meritorious cause of action.” Although plaintiff purportedly moved in response to that order, she asked instead for reargument and again failed to submit any affidavit containing evidentiary facts by a person competent to attest to the meritorious nature of her claim, i.e., a medical expert (see CPLR 3216, subd [e]; Sortino v Fisher, 20 AD2d 25, 32 ; Keating v Smith, 20 AD2d 141 ).

13
Leader v. Maroney, Ponzini & Spencergreen
ny · 2001 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2025
2 sentences

2025Plaintiff relies on Leader v. Maroney, Ponzini & Spencer, 97 NY2d 95 (2001), arguing that the interest of justice standard under CPLR § 306-b is broader and more flexible than the good cause standard, and that factors such as the meritorious nature of the claim, lack of prejudice to the Defendant, and legislative intent weigh in favor of permitting the case to proceed.

2015Turning to plaintiff’s request for an extension of time to serve, the discretionary interest of justice standard allows a court to consider such factors as the plaintiffs diligence in attempting service, the expiration of the statute of limitations, the meritorious nature of the claim, the length of the delay, diligence in seeking an extension of time and prejudice to the defendant (s ee Leader v Maroney, Ponzini & Spencer, 97 NY2d 95, 105-106 [2001]; Mead v Singleman, 24 AD3d 1142, 1144 [2005]; City of Albany v Wise, 298 AD2d 783, 784 [2002]).

12
Adams v. Agrawalgreen
nyappdiv · 1992 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 1993–2017
2 sentences

2017Laser Ctr., 121 AD3d 1560 , 1561 [2014], lv denied 25 NY3d 911 [2015]; Berges v Pfizer, Inc., 108 AD3d 1118, 1119 [2013]), the pertinent hospital/medical records (see Creegan v Mazella, 125 AD2d 358 , *1460 359 [1986]) or an admission by the defendant (see Adams v Agrawal, 187 AD2d at 887) may be tendered in lieu of an affidavit of merit, the affidavit tendered by plaintiff here was insufficient to establish the meritorious nature of his claim and no other documentary evidence was provided.

1993For plaintiff to avoid dismissal of his action for failure to timely serve a complaint, he must demonstrate a reasonable excuse for his delay and establish the meritorious nature of his claim (see, Adams v Agrawal, 187 AD2d 886, 887 ; Innerarity v County of Westchester, 144 AD2d 645 ).

12
Marion v. Notre Dame Academy High Schoolgreen
nyappdiv · 1987 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 1991–1999
2 sentences

1999(See, Waterside Tenants Assn. v Waterside Redevelopment Co., 194 AD2d 492 [1st Dept 1993] [under CPLR former 306-b, Court held that “(t)o successfully oppose defendant’s motion to dismiss plaintiff’s action for failure to timely serve a complaint, plaintiff must demonstrate a reasonable excuse for its delay and establish the meritorious nature of its claim”]; see also, Marion v Notre Dame Academy High School, 133 AD2d 614 [2d Dept 1987] [same].) Under these circumstances, the court finds that Jervis has failed to show reasonable cause for failure to serve the complaint within 120 days, and dec

1991It is well settled that for a plaintiff to avoid dismissal of the action for failure to timely serve a complaint, a reasonable excuse for the delay and the meritorious nature of the claim must be demonstrated (Marion v Notre Dame Academy High School, 133 AD2d 614 ; Benson v Rana Mgt., 131 AD2d 798 ).

12
BERGES, JUDITH A. v. PFIZER, INC.green
nyappdiv · 2013 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
Dujany v. Gouldgreen
nyappdiv · 2009 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Wishni v. Taylorgreen
nyappdiv · 2010 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Mead v. Singlemangreen
nyappdiv · 2005 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
City of Albany v. Wisegreen
nyappdiv · 2002 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Passas v. Razis & Rossgreen
nyappdiv · 1985 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988
11
Santana v. New York State Thruway Authoritygreen
nyclaimsct · 1977 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (66)

CaseCitedYears
Kel Management Corp. v. Rogers & Wells green
ny · 1985
2 sentences

2004Corp. v Rogers & Wells , 64 NY2d 904 [1985].) On the record presented here, this court finds that plaintiffs failed in all respects to meet their burden. ( Cf .

1992Corp. v Rogers & Wells, 64 NY2d 904 ; Ferrara v Guardino, 164 AD2d 932 ; DeSiena v Maimonides Hosp.

71986–2004
Manton v. Richards green
nyappdiv · 1982
2 sentences

1983Plaintiff has failed to establish the legal merits of this action by an affidavit from a physician competent to attest to the meritorious nature of his claim (see Amodeo v Radler, 89 AD2d 594 , affd 59 NY2d 1001 ; Smith v Lefrak Organization, 60 NY2d 828 ; Lee v Moley, 97 AD2d 787 ).

1983In seeking to excuse the failure to serve a medical malpractice bill of particulars in a timely fashion, a plaintiff must establish the legal merits of his case by an affidavit from a physician competent to attest to the meritorious nature of his claim (Amodeo v Radler, 89 AD2d 594 ).

61983–1988
Amodeo v. Radler green
ny · 1983
2 sentences

1984In light of plaintiff’s failure to submit an affidavit from a physician competent to attest to the meritorious nature of the claim, Special Term properly directed unconditional dismissal of the complaint (Salch v Paratore, 60 NY2d 851; Canter v Mulnick, 60 NY2d 689 ; Stolowitz v Mount Sinai Hosp., 60 NY2d 685 ; Amodeo v Radler, 59 NY2d 1001 ; La Bouda v Brookdale Mem.

1983Plaintiff has failed to establish the legal merits of this action by an affidavit from a physician competent to attest to the meritorious nature of his claim (see Amodeo v Radler, 89 AD2d 594 , affd 59 NY2d 1001 ; Smith v Lefrak Organization, 60 NY2d 828 ; Lee v Moley, 97 AD2d 787 ).

61983–1988
Canter v. Mulnick green
ny · 1983
2 sentences

1986Plaintiffs’ failure to submit an affidavit of merit by a medical expert competent to attest to the meritorious nature of their claim requires unconditional dismissal of the complaint (see, Salch v Paratore, 60 NY2d 851; Canter v Mulnick, 60 NY2d 689 ; Stolowitz v Mount Sinai Hosp., 60 NY2d 685 ; Vernon v Nassau County Med.

1984In light of plaintiff’s failure to submit an affidavit from a physician competent to attest to the meritorious nature of the claim, Special Term properly directed unconditional dismissal of the complaint (Salch v Paratore, 60 NY2d 851; Canter v Mulnick, 60 NY2d 689 ; Stolowitz v Mount Sinai Hosp., 60 NY2d 685 ; Amodeo v Radler, 59 NY2d 1001 ; La Bouda v Brookdale Mem.

51984–1988
Vernon v. Nassau County Medical Center neutral
nyappdiv · 1984
2 sentences

1991Center, 102 AD2d 852 ; Fileccia v Massapequa Gen.

1988Center, 102 AD2d 852 ).

41984–1991
Stolowitz v. Mount Sinai Hospital green
ny · 1983
2 sentences

1988In interpreting the pertinent provisions of CPLR 3012, it has been held that to avoid a dismissal for the failure to comply with that statute, in addition to compliance with the statutory requirement of a reasonable excuse for his default (see, e.g., Kaveny v Fine, 122 AD2d 304, 305 ; De Vito v Marine Midland Bank, 100 AD2d 530, 531 ), the plaintiff must submit evidentiary proof as to the meritorious nature of the claim which, in the usual medical malpractice action, includes an affidavit of merit from an appropriate medical expert (see, e.g., Stolowitz v Mount Sinai Hosp., 60 NY2d 685, 686 ;

1986Plaintiffs’ failure to submit an affidavit of merit by a medical expert competent to attest to the meritorious nature of their claim requires unconditional dismissal of the complaint (see, Salch v Paratore, 60 NY2d 851; Canter v Mulnick, 60 NY2d 689 ; Stolowitz v Mount Sinai Hosp., 60 NY2d 685 ; Vernon v Nassau County Med.

41984–1988
Barasch v. Micucci green
ny · 1980
2 sentences

2004(See Schwartz v Luks, 46 AD2d 634 [1st Dept 1974]; Wright v Farlin, 42 AD2d 141 [3d Dept 1973].) Although the trial courts enjoy considerable latitude in determining whether to dismiss an action pursuant to CPLR 3012 (b) (see Barasch v Micucci, 49 NY2d 594 [1980]), the courts are bound to unconditionally dismiss an action if a plaintiff fails to demonstrate a reasonable excuse for her delay and establish a meritorious nature of her claim.

2004Not only has the statute of limitations expired in the case, but plaintiffs would not get the six-month extension offered by CPLR 205-b (provided when a dismissal is not on the merits); a dismissal pursuant CPLR 3102 (b) is outside the ambit of CPLR 205-b, as constituting a dismissal for failure to prosecute. ( See Schwartz v Luks , 46 AD2d 634 [1st Dept 1974]; Wright v Farlin , 42 AD2d 141 [3d Dept 1973].) Although the trial courts enjoy considerable latitude in determining whether to dismiss an action pursuant to CPLR 3012 (b) ( see Barasch v Micucci , 49 NY2d 594 [1980]), the courts are bou

31983–2004
Adamson v. Airweld, Inc. neutral
nyappdiv · 1992
2 sentences

1998Co., 188 AD2d 575 ; I.J.

1997Co., 188 AD2d 575 ; I.J.

31993–1998
Salch v. Paratore green
ny · 1983
2 sentences

1991Under the circumstances, the plaintiff’s failure to submit her own affidavit and an affidavit of merit by a medical expert competent to attest to the meritorious nature of her claim mandates dismissal of the complaint (see, Fiore v Galang, supra; Salch v Paratore, 60 NY2d 851 ; Reed v Friedman, 117 AD2d 661 ; Vernon v Nassau County Med.

1986Plaintiffs’ failure to submit an affidavit of merit by a medical expert competent to attest to the meritorious nature of their claim requires unconditional dismissal of the complaint (see, Salch v Paratore, 60 NY2d 851; Canter v Mulnick, 60 NY2d 689 ; Stolowitz v Mount Sinai Hosp., 60 NY2d 685 ; Vernon v Nassau County Med.

31984–1991
Hatcher v. City of New York neutral
nyappdiv · 1984
2 sentences

1984H With respect to the issue of merit, it was incumbent for the plaintiff herein who is alleging a cause of action based on dental malpractice, to submit an affidavit containing evidentiary facts by a person competent to attest to the meritorious nature of her claim, i.e., a dental expert (see Hatcher v City of New York, 99 AD2d 481 ; Berman v Brunswick Hosp.

1984In this regard it was incumbent upon the plaintiff herein, who is alleging a cause of action based on medical malpractice, to submit an affidavit containing evidentiary facts by a person competent to attest to the meritorious nature of his claim, i.e., a physician (Sortino v Fisher, supra; Hatcher v City of New York, 99 AD2d 481 ; Berman v Brunswick Hosp.

31984–1984
Rodney v. New York Pyrotechnic Products Co. green
nyappdiv · 1985
2 sentences

2024Co. , 112 AD2d 410 )." ( Segall v Heyer , 161 AD2d at 473 .) Case law on the topic of granting renewal with respect to a summary judgment motion so that a video not previously submitted may now be considered appears to go both ways.

1990Co., 112 AD2d 410 ).

21990–2024
Wright v. Farlin neutral
nyappdiv · 1973
2 sentences

2004(See Schwartz v Luks, 46 AD2d 634 [1st Dept 1974]; Wright v Farlin, 42 AD2d 141 [3d Dept 1973].) Although the trial courts enjoy considerable latitude in determining whether to dismiss an action pursuant to CPLR 3012 (b) (see Barasch v Micucci, 49 NY2d 594 [1980]), the courts are bound to unconditionally dismiss an action if a plaintiff fails to demonstrate a reasonable excuse for her delay and establish a meritorious nature of her claim.

2004Not only has the statute of limitations expired in the case, but plaintiffs would not get the six-month extension offered by CPLR 205-b (provided when a dismissal is not on the merits); a dismissal pursuant CPLR 3102 (b) is outside the ambit of CPLR 205-b, as constituting a dismissal for failure to prosecute. ( See Schwartz v Luks , 46 AD2d 634 [1st Dept 1974]; Wright v Farlin , 42 AD2d 141 [3d Dept 1973].) Although the trial courts enjoy considerable latitude in determining whether to dismiss an action pursuant to CPLR 3012 (b) ( see Barasch v Micucci , 49 NY2d 594 [1980]), the courts are bou

22004–2004
Schwartz v. Luks neutral
nyappdiv · 1974
2 sentences

2004(See Schwartz v Luks, 46 AD2d 634 [1st Dept 1974]; Wright v Farlin, 42 AD2d 141 [3d Dept 1973].) Although the trial courts enjoy considerable latitude in determining whether to dismiss an action pursuant to CPLR 3012 (b) (see Barasch v Micucci, 49 NY2d 594 [1980]), the courts are bound to unconditionally dismiss an action if a plaintiff fails to demonstrate a reasonable excuse for her delay and establish a meritorious nature of her claim.

2004Not only has the statute of limitations expired in the case, but plaintiffs would not get the six-month extension offered by CPLR 205-b (provided when a dismissal is not on the merits); a dismissal pursuant CPLR 3102 (b) is outside the ambit of CPLR 205-b, as constituting a dismissal for failure to prosecute. ( See Schwartz v Luks , 46 AD2d 634 [1st Dept 1974]; Wright v Farlin , 42 AD2d 141 [3d Dept 1973].) Although the trial courts enjoy considerable latitude in determining whether to dismiss an action pursuant to CPLR 3012 (b) ( see Barasch v Micucci , 49 NY2d 594 [1980]), the courts are bou

22004–2004
Van Man Adhesives Corp. v. City of New York green
nyappdiv · 1997
2 sentences

2002Considering the absence of prejudice to the plaintiff, the meritorious nature of the defense, and the public policy in favor of resolving cases on the merits, we agree that the delay in serving the answer should be excused (see Calcagno v Magistrelli, 284 AD2d 289 ; Kaiser v Delaney, 255 AD2d 362 ; Van Man Adhesives Corp. v City of New York, 236 AD2d 465 ).

1998Considering the absence of prejudice to the plaintiffs, the meritorious nature of the defense, and the public policy in favor of resolving cases on the merits, we agree that the 2V2-month delay in serving the answer should be excused (see, CPLR 2005; Van Man Adhesives Corp. v City of New York, 236 AD2d 465 ; Albin v First Nationwide Network Mtge.

21998–2002
Kiprilova v. Kiprilov green
nyappdiv · 1998
2 sentences

2002Considering the absence of prejudice to the plaintiff, the meritorious nature of the defense, and the public policy in favor of resolving cases on the merits, we agree that the delay in serving the answer should be excused (see Calcagno v Magistrelli, 284 AD2d 289 ; Kaiser v Delaney, 255 AD2d 362 ; Van Man Adhesives Corp. v City of New York, 236 AD2d 465 ).

2001Considering the absence of prejudice to the plaintiff, the meritorious nature of the defense, and the public policy in favor of resolving cases on the merits, the delay in serving the answer should have been excused (see, Kaiser v Delaney, 255 AD2d 362 ).

22001–2002
Great Neck Car Care Center Inc. v. Elian neutral
nyappdiv · 1990
2 sentences

1993Handa, P. C. v Imperato, 159 AD2d 484 ).

1992Handa, P. C. v Imperato, 159 AD2d 484 ).

21992–1993
Ferrara v. Guardino green
nyappdiv · 1990
2 sentences

1993On this record, we find that plaintiff has failed in all respects to meet his burden (see, Ferrara v Guardino, 164 AD2d 932, 933 ).

1992Corp. v Rogers & Wells, 64 NY2d 904 ; Ferrara v Guardino, 164 AD2d 932 ; DeSiena v Maimonides Hosp.

21992–1993
Reed v. Friedman neutral
nyappdiv · 1986
2 sentences

1991Under the circumstances, the plaintiff’s failure to submit her own affidavit and an affidavit of merit by a medical expert competent to attest to the meritorious nature of her claim mandates dismissal of the complaint (see, Fiore v Galang, supra; Salch v Paratore, 60 NY2d 851 ; Reed v Friedman, 117 AD2d 661 ; Vernon v Nassau County Med.

1988The plaintiff’s failure to submit an affidavit of merit by a medical expert competent to attest to the meritorious nature of her claim to recover damages for medical malpractice requires the dismissal of the action as against the defendant hospital (see, Reed v Friedman, 117 AD2d 661 ; Vernon v Nassau County Med.

21988–1991
Stark v. Marine Power & Light Co. green
nyappdiv · 1984
2 sentences

1988Further, an appropriate monetary sanction can be imposed for a CPLR 3012 pleading default (see, e.g., Stark v Marine Power & Light Co., 99 AD2d 753 ; Andersen v De Ramon, 99 AD2d 500 ; see also, Passas v Razis & Ross, 111 AD2d 377 ).

1987Center, 102 AD2d 842 , appeal dismissed 63 NY2d 770 ; Stark v Marine Power & Light Co., 99 AD2d 753 ; Lindo v Evans, 98 AD2d 765 ).

21987–1988
Dash v. Dash green
nyappdiv · 1984
2 sentences

1988In interpreting the pertinent provisions of CPLR 3012, it has been held that to avoid a dismissal for the failure to comply with that statute, in addition to compliance with the statutory requirement of a reasonable excuse for his default (see, e.g., Kaveny v Fine, 122 AD2d 304, 305 ; De Vito v Marine Midland Bank, 100 AD2d 530, 531 ), the plaintiff must submit evidentiary proof as to the meritorious nature of the claim which, in the usual medical malpractice action, includes an affidavit of merit from an appropriate medical expert (see, e.g., Stolowitz v Mount Sinai Hosp., 60 NY2d 685, 686 ;

1987It is well settled that, for a plaintiff to avoid dismissal for failure to timely serve a complaint, a reasonable excuse for the delay and the meritorious nature of the claim must be demonstrated (see, De Vito v Marine Midland Bank, 100 AD2d 530 ).

21987–1988
Sampson v. Glazer green
nyappdiv · 1985
2 sentences

1987In a medical malpractice action, expert medical opinion evidence is required to demonstrate merit (see, Fiore v Galang, 105 AD2d 970 , affd 64 NY2d 999 ; Amodeo v Radler, 89 AD2d 594 , affd 59 NY2d 1001 ; Saeed v Boulevard Hosp., 109 AD2d 831 ).

1987In a medical malpractice action, expert medical opinion evidence is required to demonstrate merit (see, Fiore v Galang, 105 AD2d 970 , affd 64 NY2d 999 ; Amodeo v Radler, 89 AD2d 594 , affd 59 NY2d 1001 ; Saeed v Boulevard Hosp., 109 AD2d 831 ).

21987–1987
Associated Capital Services Corp. of New Jersey v. Lichtenstein neutral
nyappdiv · 1983
2 sentences

1984Center, 94 AD2d 736 ; Ferrigno v St.

1984Center, 94 AD2d 736 ; Ferrigno v St.

21984–1984
Smith v. Lefrak Organization, Inc. green
ny · 1983
2 sentences

1984In the context of a medical malpractice action such as the instant matter, the affidavit must be from a physician able to attest to the merits of the claim (Smith v Lefrak Organization, 60 NY2d 828, 830 ).

1983Plaintiff has failed to establish the legal merits of this action by an affidavit from a physician competent to attest to the meritorious nature of his claim (see Amodeo v Radler, 89 AD2d 594 , affd 59 NY2d 1001 ; Smith v Lefrak Organization, 60 NY2d 828 ; Lee v Moley, 97 AD2d 787 ).

21983–1984
Doe v. Ascend Charter Schs. green
nyappdiv · 2020
12025–2025
Segall v. Heyer green
nyappdiv · 1990
12024–2024
Continental Variety, Inc. v. Bennett neutral
nyappdiv · 1986
12017–2017
McIntosh v. Genesee Valley Laser Centre green
nyappdiv · 2014
12017–2017
Navarro v. A. Trenkman Estate, Inc. green
nyappdiv · 2001
12007–2007
Goodman v. New York City Health & Hospitals Corp. green
nyappdiv · 2003
12005–2005
Trimble v. SAS Taxi Co. green
nyappdiv · 2004
12005–2005
Daniels v. Bovis Lend Lease, Inc. green
nyappdiv · 2004
12005–2005
Imperiale v. Prezioso green
nysupct · 2004
12004–2004
Brilliant v. DCVM Realty neutral
nyappdiv · 2001
12002–2002
Berkey v. Emma green
nyappdiv · 2002
12002–2002
Mosberg v. Elahi green
ny · 1992
12000–2000
Waterside Tenants Ass'n v. Waterside Redevelopment Co. green
nyappdiv · 1993
11999–1999
Ingenito v. Grumman Corp. green
nyappdiv · 1993
11996–1996
Gredel v. Gredel green
nyappdiv · 1987
11995–1995
Miller v. Maori neutral
nyappdiv · 1987
11995–1995
Recht v. Teuscher green
nyappdiv · 1991
11995–1995

Where else courts name it

TX 311 (2002–2026) NY 66 (1980–2025) MA 2 (1989–2004)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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