negligent misrepresentation claim (New York) · Go Syfert
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negligent misrepresentation claim in New York

57 New York opinions name it 6 courts 1978–2026 14 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (32)

CaseFollowedCited
J.A.O. Acquisition Corp. v. Stavitskygreen
ny · 2007 · cited in 5 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2025
2 sentences

2025Acquisition Corp. v Stavitsky , 8 NY3d 144, 148 [2007]).

2025Acquisition Corp. v Stavitsky , 8 NY3d 144, 148 [2007]).

55
Kimmell v. Schaefergreen
ny · 1996 · cited in 8 New York opinions naming this issue, 1997–2026
2 sentences

2026The relationship between a landlord and tenant, standing alone, does not create the kind of fiduciary or quasi-fiduciary duty required to sustain a negligent misrepresentation claim (see Kimmell, 89 NY2d at 263–264).

2023These allegations sufficiently state the elements of a negligence claim and of a negligent misrepresentation claim ( see Solomon v City of New York , 66 NY2d 1026, 1027 [1985]; see also generally Kimmell v Schaefer , 89 NY2d 257, 264 [1996]; Ossining Union Free School Dist. v Anderson LaRocca Anderson , 73 NY2d 417, 424-426 [1989]).

48
Mandarin Trading Ltd. v. Wildensteingreen
ny · 2011 · cited in 6 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2024
2 sentences

2024With respect to the sixth cause of action for negligent misrepresentation, because TC Havemeyer's fiduciary relationship with the Individual Plaintiffs extended to the solicitation of additional investments into Havemeyer, TC Havemeyer was in "a special position of confidence and trust with" the Individual Plaintiffs, who are the only plaintiffs on the negligent misrepresentation claim ( Mandarin Trading Ltd. v Wildenstein, 16 NY3d 173, 180 [2011] [internal quotation marks omitted]).

2023While the question of whether a special relationship exists is generally a question of fact ( Kimmell , 89 NY2d at 264 ), where the claimant's allegations, accepted as true and given every reasonable inference, fail to plead the existence of a special relationship, a negligent misrepresentation claim is subject to pre-answer dismissal ( Mandarin Trading Ltd. , 16 NY3d at 181 ).

46
Greenberg, Trager & Herbst, LLP v. HSBC Bank USAgreen
ny · 2011 · cited in 4 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2014
2 sentences

2014With regard to the negligent misrepresentation claim, “liability for negligent misrepresentation has been imposed only on those persons who possess unique or specialized expertise, or who are in a special position of confidence and trust . . . and an arm’s length borrower-lender relationship . . . does not support a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation” (Greenberg, Trager & Herbst, LLP v HSBC Bank USA, 17 NY3d 565, 578 [2011] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Flaherty Funding Corp. v Johnson, 105 AD3d 1445, 1446 [2013]; Dobroshi v Bank of Am., N.A., 65 AD3d 882,

2014With regard to the negligent misrepresentation claim, “liability for negligent misrepresentation has been imposed only on those persons who possess unique or specialized expertise, or who are in a special position of confidence and trust . . . and an arm’s length borrower-lender relationship . . . does not support a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation” (Greenberg, Trager & Herbst, LLP v HSBC Bank USA, 17 NY3d 565, 578 [2011] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Flaherty Funding Corp. v Johnson, 105 AD3d 1445, 1446 [2013]; Dobroshi v Bank of Am., N.A., 65 AD3d 882,

44
Standish-Parkin v. Lorillard Tobacco Co.green
nyappdiv · 2004 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025Accepting the allegations as true, Plaintiff adequately alleged negligent misrepresentation by stating that Defendants knew or should have known their products were unsafe yet failed to disclose the dangers to Plaintiff, who relied on Defendants' omissions when she decided to purchase their products (see also Standish-Parkin v Lorillard Tobacco Co., 12 AD3d 301, 302-303 [1st Dept 2004]).

2025Accepting the allegations as true, Plaintiff adequately alleged negligent misrepresentation by stating that Defendants knew or should have known their products were unsafe yet failed to disclose the dangers to Plaintiff, who relied on Defendants' omissions when she decided to purchase their products (see also Standish-Parkin v Lorillard Tobacco Co., 12 AD3d 301, 302-303 [1st Dept 2004]).

33
Automatic Findings, Inc. v. Millergreen
nyappdiv · 1996 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Thus, as defendant correctly contends, the negligent misrepresentation claim fails as a matter of law (see Breen v Law Off. of Bruce A. Barket, P.C., 52 AD3d 635, 636-637 [2008]; Automatic Findings v Miller, 232 AD2d 245, 246 [1996], lv denied 90 NY2d 804 [1997]).

2015Thus, as defendant correctly contends, the negligent misrepresentation claim fails as a matter of law (see Breen v Law Off. of Bruce A. Barket, P.C., 52 AD3d 635, 636-637 [2008]; Automatic Findings v Miller, 232 AD2d 245, 246 [1996], lv denied 90 NY2d 804 [1997]).

23
Breen v. Law Office of Bruce A. Barket, P.C.green
nyappdiv · 2008 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Thus, as defendant correctly contends, the negligent misrepresentation claim fails as a matter of law (see Breen v Law Off. of Bruce A. Barket, P.C., 52 AD3d 635, 636-637 [2008]; Automatic Findings v Miller, 232 AD2d 245, 246 [1996], lv denied 90 NY2d 804 [1997]).

2015Thus, as defendant correctly contends, the negligent misrepresentation claim fails as a matter of law (see Breen v Law Off. of Bruce A. Barket, P.C., 52 AD3d 635, 636-637 [2008]; Automatic Findings v Miller, 232 AD2d 245, 246 [1996], lv denied 90 NY2d 804 [1997]).

23
Dobroshi v. Bank of Americagreen
nyappdiv · 2009 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014With regard to the negligent misrepresentation claim, “liability for negligent misrepresentation has been imposed only on those persons who possess unique or specialized expertise, or who are in a special position of confidence and trust . . . and an arm’s length borrower-lender relationship . . . does not support a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation” (Greenberg, Trager & Herbst, LLP v HSBC Bank USA, 17 NY3d 565, 578 [2011] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Flaherty Funding Corp. v Johnson, 105 AD3d 1445, 1446 [2013]; Dobroshi v Bank of Am., N.A., 65 AD3d 882,

2014With regard to the negligent misrepresentation claim, “liability for negligent misrepresentation has been imposed only on those persons who possess unique or specialized expertise, or who are in a special position of confidence and trust . . . and an arm’s length borrower-lender relationship . . . does not support a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation” (Greenberg, Trager & Herbst, LLP v HSBC Bank USA, 17 NY3d 565, 578 [2011] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Flaherty Funding Corp. v Johnson, 105 AD3d 1445, 1446 [2013]; Dobroshi v Bank of Am., N.A., 65 AD3d 882,

22
Flaherty Funding Corp. v. Johnsongreen
nyappdiv · 2013 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014With regard to the negligent misrepresentation claim, “liability for negligent misrepresentation has been imposed only on those persons who possess unique or specialized expertise, or who are in a special position of confidence and trust . . . and an arm’s length borrower-lender relationship . . . does not support a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation” (Greenberg, Trager & Herbst, LLP v HSBC Bank USA, 17 NY3d 565, 578 [2011] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Flaherty Funding Corp. v Johnson, 105 AD3d 1445, 1446 [2013]; Dobroshi v Bank of Am., N.A., 65 AD3d 882,

2014With regard to the negligent misrepresentation claim, “liability for negligent misrepresentation has been imposed only on those persons who possess unique or specialized expertise, or who are in a special position of confidence and trust . . . and an arm’s length borrower-lender relationship . . . does not support a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation” (Greenberg, Trager & Herbst, LLP v HSBC Bank USA, 17 NY3d 565, 578 [2011] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Flaherty Funding Corp. v Johnson, 105 AD3d 1445, 1446 [2013]; Dobroshi v Bank of Am., N.A., 65 AD3d 882,

22
Ossining Union Free School District v. Andersongreen
ny · 1989 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2001–2023
2 sentences

2023These allegations sufficiently state the elements of a negligence claim and of a negligent misrepresentation claim ( see Solomon v City of New York , 66 NY2d 1026, 1027 [1985]; see also generally Kimmell v Schaefer , 89 NY2d 257, 264 [1996]; Ossining Union Free School Dist. v Anderson LaRocca Anderson , 73 NY2d 417, 424-426 [1989]).

2001Under this basic theory, in Ossining Union Free School Dist. v Anderson LaRocca Anderson ( 73 NY2d 417 ), a school district was permitted to proceed with a negligent misrepresentation claim against engineering consultants although the engineers had been hired, not by the school district, but by an architectural firm conducting an evaluation of its buildings.

12
Murphy v. Kuhngreen
ny · 1997 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012Addressing first the negligent misrepresentation claim, it is well settled that “liability for negligent misrepresentation has been imposed only on those persons who possess unique or specialized expertise, or who are in a special position of confidence and trust with the injured party such that reliance on the negligent misrepresentation is justified” (Kimmell v Schaefer, 89 NY2d 257, 263 ; see Greenberg, Trager & Herbst, LLP v HSBC Bank USA, 17 NY3d 565, 578 ; Murphy v Kuhn, 90 NY2d 266, 270 ).

2012Addressing first the negligent misrepresentation claim, it is well settled that “liability for negligent misrepresentation has been imposed only on those persons who possess unique or specialized expertise, or who are in a special position of confidence and trust with the injured party such that reliance on the negligent misrepresentation is justified” (Kimmell v Schaefer, 89 NY2d 257, 263 [19963; see Greenberg, Trager & Herbst, LLP v HSBC Bank USA, 17 NY3d 565, 578 [2011]; Murphy v Kuhn, 90 NY2d 266, 270 [1997]).

12
Parrott v. Coopers & Lybrand, L. L. P.green
ny · 2000 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2001–2009
2 sentences

2009Because of the majority’s misplaced reliance upon Parrott v Coopers & Lybrand ( 95 NY2d 479, 483 [2000]), a case not cited by either party, in order to justify its reversal in this case and its rejection of our decision in Board of Mgrs. of Astor Terrace Condominium v Schuman, Lichtenstein, Claman & Efron ( 183 AD2d 488, 489 [1992]), which it erroneously claims “is in direct conflict with Court of Appeals precedent,” namely Parrott , I dissent and would affirm the denial of defendant Cosentini Associates’s motion to dismiss the negligent misrepresentation claim against it.

2001Upon the basic premise established in Ultramares (supra), a negligent misrepresentation claim was dismissed in Parrott v Coopers & Lybrand (supra), in which a terminated employee whose company stock was to be repurchased by the company at a value set in the company’s most recent bi-annual valuation report, challenged the manner in which the employer’s accounting firm, Coopers & Lybrand, arrived at the valuation (see, 95 NY2d 479 , supra).

12
Pacnet Network Ltd. v. KDDI Corp.green
nyappdiv · 2010 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026To the extent the claim is based on MSHP's alleged statement that plaintiff was already onboarded with certain insurers when she was not, plaintiff's conclusory allegation that MSHP knew that its representation was false "is indefinite and conclusory, and therefore not actionable" (<i>Pacnet Network Ltd. v KKDI Corp.</i>, 78 AD3d 478, 479 [1st Dept 2010]; <i>see</i> CPLR 3016[b]).

11
Greentech Research LLC v. Wissmangreen
nyappdiv · 2013 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026The negligent misrepresentation claim against MSHP was also properly dismissed because the complaint fails to allege that the parties had a special relationship (<i>see Greentech Research LLC v Wissman</i>, 104 AD3d 540, 540 [1st Dept 2013]).</p> <p>Moreover, the complaint fails to state a cause of action for fraud against MSHP.

11
Michael Davis Constr., Inc. v. 129 Parsonage Lane, LLCgreen
nyappdiv · 2021 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025A cause of action based upon negligent misrepresentation requires not only carelessness in imparting words upon which others rely to their damage, but also that such information be expressed directly , with knowledge or notice that it will be acted upon, to one whom the author is bound by some relation of duty, arising out of contract or otherwise, to act with care if he [or she] acts at all." (Internal quotations and citations omitted; emphasis added) Like the fraud claim, the negligent misrepresentation claim is collateral to the breach of contract claim, since the representation was made to

2025A cause of action based upon negligent misrepresentation requires not only carelessness in imparting words upon which others rely to their damage, but also that such information be expressed directly , with knowledge or notice that it will be acted upon, to one whom the author is bound by some relation of duty, arising out of contract or otherwise, to act with care if he [or she] acts at all." (Internal quotations and citations omitted; emphasis added) Like the fraud claim, the negligent misrepresentation claim is collateral to the breach of contract claim, since the representation was made to

11
Solomon v. City of New Yorkgreen
ny · 1985 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023These allegations sufficiently state the elements of a negligence claim and of a negligent misrepresentation claim ( see Solomon v City of New York , 66 NY2d 1026, 1027 [1985]; see also generally Kimmell v Schaefer , 89 NY2d 257, 264 [1996]; Ossining Union Free School Dist. v Anderson LaRocca Anderson , 73 NY2d 417, 424-426 [1989]).

11
Jana L. v. West 129th Street Realty Corp.green
nyappdiv · 2005 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019Realty Corp. , 22 AD3d 274, 278 [1st Dept 2005]).

11
Securities Investor Protection Corp. v. BDO Seidman, L. L. P.green
ny · 2001 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017Protection Corp. v BDO Seidman, 95 NY2d 702, 711-712 [2001]).

11
NYAHSA Services, Inc., Self-Insurance Trust v. People Care Incorporatedgreen
nyappdiv · 2016 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Under the circumstances, the Court is constrained to conclude that the claim is governed by a six-year statute of limitations as well as the two-year discovery rule ( see People Care , 141 AD3d at 790). [FN13] With the exception of the claim against Cool, the negligent misrepresentation claims accrued no later than December 31, 2007.

2017Under the circumstances, the Court is constrained to conclude that the claim is governed by a six-year statute of limitations as well as the two-year discovery rule ( see People Care , 141 AD3d at 790). [FN13] With the exception of the claim against Cool, the negligent misrepresentation claims accrued no later than December 31, 2007.

11
Moy v. Adelphi Institute, Inc.green
nyed · 1994 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015The court held the claim was “immune from review,” because the duty owed was “one owed to the general public.” Citing Donohue and Hoffman , the court stated that “a cause of action based on negligent misrepresentation in the educational context is precluded.” {Id.) The Federal District Court in Moy v Adelphi Inst., Inc. also disallowed the plaintiffs’ negligent misrepresentation claim, even though it acknowledged that it was “not required to review any discretionary actions taken as a result of Defendant’s professional judgment.” ( 866 F Supp 696, 707 [ED NY 1994], quoting Village Community Sc

11
Benham v. eCommission Solutions, LLCgreen
nyappdiv · 2014 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Cron v. Hargro Fabrics, Inc.green
ny · 1998 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
ESE Funding SPC Ltd. v. Stanleygreen
nyappdiv · 2009 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Board of Managers of Astor Terrace Condominium v. Schuman, Lichtenstein, Claman & Efrongreen
nyappdiv · 1992 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Sage Realty Corp. v. Proskauer Rose L. L. P.green
nyappdiv · 1998 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Fandy Corp. v. Lung-Fong Chengreen
nyappdiv · 1999 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Houlihan/Lawrence, Inc. v. Duvalgreen
nyappdiv · 1996 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11
Finova Capital Corp. v. Bergergreen
nyappdiv · 2005 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11
Marcellus Construction Co. v. Village of Broadalbingreen
nyappdiv · 2003 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11
River Glen Associates, Ltd. v. Merrill Lynch Credit Corp.green
nyappdiv · 2002 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
McNar Industries, Inc. v. Feibes & Schmitt, Architectsgreen
nyappdiv · 1997 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
Grammer v. Turitsgreen
nyappdiv · 2000 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (23)

CaseCitedYears
Heard v. City of New York green
ny · 1993
2 sentences

2025To state a negligent misrepresentation claim, a plaintiff must allege that the defendant was "under a duty to the plaintiff to exercise reasonable care in giving the information, and plaintiffs reliance on the information must be foreseeable." (Heard v City of New York, 82 NY2d 66 [1993]).

2025To state a negligent misrepresentation claim, a plaintiff must allege that the defendant was "under a duty to the plaintiff to exercise reasonable care in giving the information, and plaintiff's reliance on the information must be foreseeable." (Heard v City of New York, 82 NY2d 66 [1993]).

51997–2025
Matter of Daniel H. neutral
ny · 2010
2 sentences

2014With regard to the negligent misrepresentation claim, “liability for negligent misrepresentation has been imposed only on those persons who possess unique or specialized expertise, or who are in a special position of confidence and trust . . . and an arm’s length borrower-lender relationship . . . does not support a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation” (Greenberg, Trager & Herbst, LLP v HSBC Bank USA, 17 NY3d 565, 578 [2011] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Flaherty Funding Corp. v Johnson, 105 AD3d 1445, 1446 [2013]; Dobroshi v Bank of Am., N.A., 65 AD3d 882,

2014With regard to the negligent misrepresentation claim, “liability for negligent misrepresentation has been imposed only on those persons who possess unique or specialized expertise, or who are in a special position of confidence and trust . . . and an arm’s length borrower-lender relationship . . . does not support a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation” (Greenberg, Trager & Herbst, LLP v HSBC Bank USA, 17 NY3d 565, 578 [2011] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Flaherty Funding Corp. v Johnson, 105 AD3d 1445, 1446 [2013]; Dobroshi v Bank of Am., N.A., 65 AD3d 882,

22014–2014
Malloy v. Stellar Management green
nyappdiv · 2009
2 sentences

2013An arm’s length business relationship, as existed here, is not generally considered to be the sort of confidential or fiduciary relationship that would support a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation (see Silvers v State of New York, 68 AD3d 668 , 669 [1st Dept 2009], lv denied 15 NY3d 705 [2010]).

2013An arm’s length business relationship, as existed here, is not generally considered to be the sort of confidential or fiduciary relationship that would support a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation (see Silvers v State of New York, 68 AD3d 668 , 669 [1st Dept 2009], lv denied 15 NY3d 705 [2010]).

22013–2013
Ultramares Corp. v. Touche green
ny · 1931
2 sentences

2001Upon the basic premise established in Ultramares (supra), a negligent misrepresentation claim was dismissed in Parrott v Coopers & Lybrand (supra), in which a terminated employee whose company stock was to be repurchased by the company at a value set in the company’s most recent bi-annual valuation report, challenged the manner in which the employer’s accounting firm, Coopers & Lybrand, arrived at the valuation (see, 95 NY2d 479 , supra).

1978To allow recovery, in such a case, based upon negligent use of language would extend the doctrine of negligent representation beyond its present bounds and would make "all these principles and distinctions, so nicely wrought and formulated * * * a waste of time and effort.” (Ultramares Corp. v Touche, 255 NY 170, 186 .) If the doctrine of negligent misrepresentation can apply to this case where slander is also a remedy, the elements of the tort of slander will be radically changed.

21978–2001
Prudential Insurance v. Dewey, Ballantine, Bushby, Palmer & Wood green
ny · 1992
2 sentences

2000Co. v Dewey, Ballantine, Bushby, Palmer & Wood, 80 NY2d 377, 382 ; see, McNar Indus. v Feibes & Schmitt, Architects, 245 AD2d 993, 994 , lv denied 91 NY2d 812 ).

1998Co. v Dewey, Ballantine, Bushby, Palmer & Wood, 80 NY2d 377, 384 ).

21998–2000
Board of Managers of Soho North 267 West 124th Street Condominium v. NW 124 LLC green
nyappdiv · 2014
1 sentence

2021Condominium v NW 124 LLC , 116 AD3d 506 , 507).

12021–2021
Board of Managers of Beacon Tower Condominium v. 85 Adams Street, LLC green
nyappdiv · 2016
1 sentence

2021When both are alleged, a negligent misrepresentation claim will be found to be duplicative of a breach of contract claim where the pleading fails to allege facts that would give rise to a duty that is independent from the parties' contractual obligations ( see Board of Mgrs. of Beacon Tower Condominium v 85 Adams St., LLC , 136 AD3d at 684 ; Board of Mgrs. of Soho N. 267 W. 124th St.

12021–2021
Greenman-Pedersen, Inc. v. Levine green
nyappdiv · 2007
1 sentence

2021The negligent misrepresentation claim fails for the same reason ( see Greenman-Pedersen, Inc. v Levine , 37 AD3d 250 [1st Dept 2007]).

12021–2021
Health Acquisition Corp. v. Program Risk Management Inc. green
nyappdiv · 2013
1 sentence

2017To the extent Health Acquisition Corp. v Program Risk Mgt, Inc. ( 105 AD3d 1001 [2d Dept 2013]) found that the defendants’ knowledge of the plaintiffs’ needs constituted linking conduct, it is contrary to this Court’s decision in LaSalle Natl.

12017–2017
People v. Castillo green
nyappdiv · 2015
1 sentence

2017Co., 124 AD3d 538 [1st Dept 2015]).

12017–2017
Valle v. Valle green
nyappdiv · 1981
12015–2015
Jimenez v. New York Law School green
nyappdiv · 2012
12015–2015
Kickertz v. New York University green
nyappdiv · 2013
12015–2015
Gomez-Jimenez v. New York Law School neutral
ny · 2013
12015–2015
People v. Constantin neutral
nyappdiv · 1997
12011–2011
2 Fifth Avenue Tenants Ass'n v. Abrams green
nyappdiv · 1994
12005–2005
Benincasa v. Garrubbo green
nyappdiv · 1988
12002–2002
Zuckerman v. City of New York green
ny · 1980
12002–2002
Hudson River Club v. Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc. green
nyappdiv · 2000
12001–2001
Bily v. Arthur Young & Co. green
cal · 1992
12000–2000
McGill v. General Motors Corp. green
nyappdiv · 1996
11999–1999
Alamo Contract Builders, Inc. v. CTF Hotel Co. green
nyappdiv · 1997
11999–1999
Cling Corp. v. Ridgewood Savings Bank green
nyappdiv · 1987
11990–1990

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NY § N.Y. General Business Law § 349 (4) CFR § 21c.f.r.740 (3) NY § N.Y. General Business Law § 350 (3) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 175.35 (3) USC § 21u.s.c.301 (3) USC § 21u.s.c.361 (3) USC § 21u.s.c.379s(a) (3) USC § 21u.s.c.379s(d) (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 105 (1992–2025) NY 57 (1978–2026) CA 48 (1992–2026) WA 43 (1994–2025) IL 35 (1992–2026) NC 30 (1985–2026) PA 23 (1988–2026) TN 22 (2001–2021) GA 22 (1995–2026) NV 22 (2014–2021) CO 20 (1988–2026) CT 20 (1992–2013) FL 19 (1999–2025) MO 19 (1992–2021) VT 19 (1991–2026) MA 18 (1995–2013) MN 16 (1997–2026) DE 16 (1990–2025) OH 14 (1995–2026) IA 13 (1998–2021) AZ 13 (1997–2024) MD 11 (1988–2024) MS 11 (1995–2020) SC 10 (1990–2025) WI 10 (1989–2019) UT 10 (1995–2025) NJ 8 (2000–2026) KY 8 (2004–2025) KS 8 (2000–2026) MT 8 (1995–2025) ME 8 (2000–2019) WY 6 (1989–2019) LA 6 (1990–2023) OR 5 (1990–2012) MI 3 (2010–2016) AL 3 (2002–2017) NM 3 (1978–2026) NE 2 (2003–2006) NH 2 (1989–2020) IN 2 (2001–2009) HI 2 (2002–2007)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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