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7 Michigan opinions name it 2 courts 1992–2007 0 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Michigan courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Employment Div., Dept. of Human Resources of Ore. v. Smithred2 sentences1995See, e.g., Smith, The rise and fall of religious freedom in constitutional discourse, 140 U Penn L R 149, 231, *636 232, 233 (1991)(referring to Smith, supra, as "the virtual abandonment of the Free Exercise Clause," "reach[ing] a low point in modern constitutional protection under the Free Exercise Clause," "leav[ing] the Free Exercise Clause without independent constitutional content and thus, for practical purposes, largely meaningless"); McConnell, Religious freedom at a crossroads, 59 U Chicago L R 115, 140 (1992) (" Smith converts a constitutionally explicit liberty into a nondiscriminat 1995See, e.g., Smith, The rise and fall of religious freedom in constitutional discourse, 140 U Penn L R 149, 231, 232, 233 (1991)(referring to Smith, supra, as "the virtual abandonment of the Free Exercise Clause,” "reach[ing] a low point in modern constitutional protection under the Free Exercise Clause,” "leav[ing] the Free Exercise Clause without independent constitutional content and thus, for practical purposes, largely meaningless”); McConnell, Religious freedom at a crossroads, 59 U Chicago L R 115, 140 (1992) ("Smith converts a constitutionally explicit liberty into a nondiscrimination re | 2 | 2 |
McDonald v. City of West Branchgreen2 sentences1996Alexander v Gardner-Denver Co, 415 US 36, 49-50 ; 94 S Ct 1011 ; 39 L Ed 2d 147 (1974); see also McDonald v City of West Branch, Michigan, 466 US 284, 292 ; 104 S Ct 1799 ; 80 L Ed 2d 302 (1984) (same holding with respect to a claim under 42 USC 1983). 1996Alexander v Gardner-Denver Co, 415 US 36, 49-50 ; 94 S Ct 1011 ; 39 L Ed 2d 147 (1974); see also McDonald v City of West Branch, Michigan, 466 US 284, 292 ; 104 S Ct 1799 ; 80 L Ed 2d 302 (1984) (same holding with respect to a claim under 42 USC 1983). | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Michigan. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co.
green
2 sentences1994In Alexander v Gardner-Denver Co, 415 US 36, 48-49 ; 94 S Ct 1011 ; 39 L Ed 2d 147 (1974), a unanimous Court, speaking through Justice Powell, ruled that a discharged employee could pursue a title VII action in federal court, despite the fact that he had previously submitted his claim to arbitration pursuant to a nondiscrimination clause in a collective-bargaining agreement. 1994In Alexander v Gardner-Denver Co, 415 US 36, 48-49 ; 94 S Ct 1011 ; 39 L Ed 2d 147 (1974), a unanimous Court, speaking through Justice Powell, ruled that a discharged employee could pursue a title VII action in federal court, despite the fact that he had previously submitted his claim to arbitration pursuant to a nondiscrimination clause in a collective-bargaining agreement. | 3 | 1992–1996 |
People v. Lechner
green
2 sentences1995Nevertheless, this Court must follow the interpretation of the Free Exercise Clause in the prevailing opinions of the United States Supreme Court, "even though we may be in accord with the dissenting opinions in those cases.” People v Lechner, 307 Mich 358, 360-361 ; 11 NW2d 918 (1943). 1995Nevertheless, this Court must follow the interpretation of the Free Exercise Clause in the prevailing opinions of the United States Supreme Court, "even though we may be in accord with the dissenting opinions in those cases.” People v Lechner, 307 Mich 358, 360-361 ; 11 NW2d 918 (1943). | 2 | 1993–1995 |
Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc.
green
2 sentences2007Moreover, it is unclear how the imposition of criminal penalties could remedy the harm inflicted on our electoral system by a fraudulently cast ballot. [70] Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc., 348 U.S. 483, 489 , 75 S.Ct. 461 , 99 L.Ed. 563 (1955) (emphasis added; internal citations omitted). [71] 385 Mich. 670 , 189 N.W.2d 423 (1971). [72] 387 Mich. 506 , 198 N.W.2d 385 (1972). [73] The term "political rights" is found in the nondiscrimination clause of art. 1, § 2 rather than the Equal Protection Clause. 2007Moreover, it is unclear how the imposition of criminal penalties could remedy the harm inflicted on our electoral system by a fraudulently cast ballot. [70] Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc., 348 U.S. 483, 489 , 75 S.Ct. 461 , 99 L.Ed. 563 (1955) (emphasis added; internal citations omitted). [71] 385 Mich. 670 , 189 N.W.2d 423 (1971). [72] 387 Mich. 506 , 198 N.W.2d 385 (1972). [73] The term "political rights" is found in the nondiscrimination clause of art. 1, § 2 rather than the Equal Protection Clause. | 1 | 2007–2007 |
Michigan State UAW Community Action Program Council v. Secretary of State
green
2 sentences2007Moreover, it is unclear how the imposition of criminal penalties could remedy the harm inflicted on our electoral system by a fraudulently cast ballot. [70] Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc., 348 U.S. 483, 489 , 75 S.Ct. 461 , 99 L.Ed. 563 (1955) (emphasis added; internal citations omitted). [71] 385 Mich. 670 , 189 N.W.2d 423 (1971). [72] 387 Mich. 506 , 198 N.W.2d 385 (1972). [73] The term "political rights" is found in the nondiscrimination clause of art. 1, § 2 rather than the Equal Protection Clause. 2007Moreover, it is unclear how the imposition of criminal penalties could remedy the harm inflicted on our electoral system by a fraudulently cast ballot. [70] Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc., 348 U.S. 483, 489 , 75 S.Ct. 461 , 99 L.Ed. 563 (1955) (emphasis added; internal citations omitted). [71] 385 Mich. 670 , 189 N.W.2d 423 (1971). [72] 387 Mich. 506 , 198 N.W.2d 385 (1972). [73] The term "political rights" is found in the nondiscrimination clause of art. 1, § 2 rather than the Equal Protection Clause. | 1 | 2007–2007 |
Wilkins v. Ann Arbor City Clerk
green
2 sentences2007Moreover, it is unclear how the imposition of criminal penalties could remedy the harm inflicted on our electoral system by a fraudulently cast ballot. [70] Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc., 348 U.S. 483, 489 , 75 S.Ct. 461 , 99 L.Ed. 563 (1955) (emphasis added; internal citations omitted). [71] 385 Mich. 670 , 189 N.W.2d 423 (1971). [72] 387 Mich. 506 , 198 N.W.2d 385 (1972). [73] The term "political rights" is found in the nondiscrimination clause of art. 1, § 2 rather than the Equal Protection Clause. 2007Moreover, it is unclear how the imposition of criminal penalties could remedy the harm inflicted on our electoral system by a fraudulently cast ballot. [70] Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc., 348 U.S. 483, 489 , 75 S.Ct. 461 , 99 L.Ed. 563 (1955) (emphasis added; internal citations omitted). [71] 385 Mich. 670 , 189 N.W.2d 423 (1971). [72] 387 Mich. 506 , 198 N.W.2d 385 (1972). [73] The term "political rights" is found in the nondiscrimination clause of art. 1, § 2 rather than the Equal Protection Clause. | 1 | 2007–2007 |
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
green
1 sentence2001Professor Norris described the constitution as "a statement of goals and not a detailing of means." Id. at 742, 93 S.Ct. 1278 . | 1 | 2001–2001 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.