confidential communications privilege (Alabama) · Go Syfert
← Alabama issues

confidential communications privilege in Alabama

6 Alabama opinions name it 1 courts 1980–2025 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Alabama courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (3)

CaseFollowedCited
United States v. Irving Kahn and Minnie Kahngreen
ca7 · 1973 · cited in 2 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1986–2011
2 sentences

2011We held: “The confidential communications privilege is based on the premise of preservation of the family. ‘The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy.’ United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev’d on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L

1986"The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy." United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev'd on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L.Ed.2d 225 (1974).

22
United States v. Newton P. Van Drunengreen
ca7 · 1974 · cited in 2 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1986–2011
2 sentences

2011Van Drunen, 501 F.2d at 1396 .

2011We held: “The confidential communications privilege is based on the premise of preservation of the family. ‘The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy.’ United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev’d on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L

22
State v. Browdergreen
alacrimapp · 1986 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1990–1990
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Alabama. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (42)

CaseCitedYears
United States v. Frank Cotroni and Frank Dasti green
ca2 · 1975
2 sentences

2025App. 1986),4 a case cited in the Advisory Committee's Notes, this Court stated: "In United States v. Mendoza, 574 F.2d 1373 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 988 , 99 S.Ct. 584 , 58 L.Ed.2d 661 (1978), the Fifth Circuit examined the policies underlying the confidential communications privilege in conjunction with the exception to the rule established in the Seventh Circuit (which the 5th Circuit viewed as being adopted by the Second Circuit in United States v. Cotroni, 527 F.2d 708 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 906 , 96 S.Ct. 2226 , 48 L.Ed.2d 830 (1976)).

2025App. 1986),4 a case cited in the Advisory Committee's Notes, this Court stated: "In United States v. Mendoza, 574 F.2d 1373 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 988 , 99 S.Ct. 584 , 58 L.Ed.2d 661 (1978), the Fifth Circuit examined the policies underlying the confidential communications privilege in conjunction with the exception to the rule established in the Seventh Circuit (which the 5th Circuit viewed as being adopted by the Second Circuit in United States v. Cotroni, 527 F.2d 708 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 906 , 96 S.Ct. 2226 , 48 L.Ed.2d 830 (1976)).

41986–2025
United States v. Arturo Reyes Mendoza, June Bunch Mendoza, and Oscar Reyes Mendoza green
ca5 · 1978
2 sentences

2025App. 1986),4 a case cited in the Advisory Committee's Notes, this Court stated: "In United States v. Mendoza, 574 F.2d 1373 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 988 , 99 S.Ct. 584 , 58 L.Ed.2d 661 (1978), the Fifth Circuit examined the policies underlying the confidential communications privilege in conjunction with the exception to the rule established in the Seventh Circuit (which the 5th Circuit viewed as being adopted by the Second Circuit in United States v. Cotroni, 527 F.2d 708 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 906 , 96 S.Ct. 2226 , 48 L.Ed.2d 830 (1976)).

2025App. 1986),4 a case cited in the Advisory Committee's Notes, this Court stated: "In United States v. Mendoza, 574 F.2d 1373 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 988 , 99 S.Ct. 584 , 58 L.Ed.2d 661 (1978), the Fifth Circuit examined the policies underlying the confidential communications privilege in conjunction with the exception to the rule established in the Seventh Circuit (which the 5th Circuit viewed as being adopted by the Second Circuit in United States v. Cotroni, 527 F.2d 708 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 906 , 96 S.Ct. 2226 , 48 L.Ed.2d 830 (1976)).

41986–2025
Keiley v. Hinkson green
scotus · 1976
2 sentences

2025App. 1986),4 a case cited in the Advisory Committee's Notes, this Court stated: "In United States v. Mendoza, 574 F.2d 1373 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 988 , 99 S.Ct. 584 , 58 L.Ed.2d 661 (1978), the Fifth Circuit examined the policies underlying the confidential communications privilege in conjunction with the exception to the rule established in the Seventh Circuit (which the 5th Circuit viewed as being adopted by the Second Circuit in United States v. Cotroni, 527 F.2d 708 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 906 , 96 S.Ct. 2226 , 48 L.Ed.2d 830 (1976)).

2025App. 1986),4 a case cited in the Advisory Committee's Notes, this Court stated: "In United States v. Mendoza, 574 F.2d 1373 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 988 , 99 S.Ct. 584 , 58 L.Ed.2d 661 (1978), the Fifth Circuit examined the policies underlying the confidential communications privilege in conjunction with the exception to the rule established in the Seventh Circuit (which the 5th Circuit viewed as being adopted by the Second Circuit in United States v. Cotroni, 527 F.2d 708 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 906 , 96 S.Ct. 2226 , 48 L.Ed.2d 830 (1976)).

41986–2025
Cotroni v. United States green
scotus · 1976
2 sentences

2025App. 1986),4 a case cited in the Advisory Committee's Notes, this Court stated: "In United States v. Mendoza, 574 F.2d 1373 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 988 , 99 S.Ct. 584 , 58 L.Ed.2d 661 (1978), the Fifth Circuit examined the policies underlying the confidential communications privilege in conjunction with the exception to the rule established in the Seventh Circuit (which the 5th Circuit viewed as being adopted by the Second Circuit in United States v. Cotroni, 527 F.2d 708 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 906 , 96 S.Ct. 2226 , 48 L.Ed.2d 830 (1976)).

2025App. 1986),4 a case cited in the Advisory Committee's Notes, this Court stated: "In United States v. Mendoza, 574 F.2d 1373 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 988 , 99 S.Ct. 584 , 58 L.Ed.2d 661 (1978), the Fifth Circuit examined the policies underlying the confidential communications privilege in conjunction with the exception to the rule established in the Seventh Circuit (which the 5th Circuit viewed as being adopted by the Second Circuit in United States v. Cotroni, 527 F.2d 708 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 906 , 96 S.Ct. 2226 , 48 L.Ed.2d 830 (1976)).

41986–2025
Collins v. United States green
scotus · 1978
2 sentences

2025App. 1986),4 a case cited in the Advisory Committee's Notes, this Court stated: "In United States v. Mendoza, 574 F.2d 1373 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 988 , 99 S.Ct. 584 , 58 L.Ed.2d 661 (1978), the Fifth Circuit examined the policies underlying the confidential communications privilege in conjunction with the exception to the rule established in the Seventh Circuit (which the 5th Circuit viewed as being adopted by the Second Circuit in United States v. Cotroni, 527 F.2d 708 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 906 , 96 S.Ct. 2226 , 48 L.Ed.2d 830 (1976)).

2025App. 1986),4 a case cited in the Advisory Committee's Notes, this Court stated: "In United States v. Mendoza, 574 F.2d 1373 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 988 , 99 S.Ct. 584 , 58 L.Ed.2d 661 (1978), the Fifth Circuit examined the policies underlying the confidential communications privilege in conjunction with the exception to the rule established in the Seventh Circuit (which the 5th Circuit viewed as being adopted by the Second Circuit in United States v. Cotroni, 527 F.2d 708 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 906 , 96 S.Ct. 2226 , 48 L.Ed.2d 830 (1976)).

41986–2025
Arnold v. State green
ala · 1977
2 sentences

2011In Arnold the Court applied the confidential communications privilege to the facts of that case and determined that the privilege did not bar ‘testimony by one spouse concerning an overheard conversation between the other [spouse] and a third party.’ Id. at 527 .

1986In Arnold the Court applied the confidential communications privilege to the facts of that case and determined that the privilege did not bar "testimony by one spouse concerning an overheard conversation between the other [spouse] and a third party." Id. at 527 .

31986–2011
Gutridge v. State green
md · 1964
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

21986–2011
United States v. Billy Joe Entrekin green
ca5 · 1980
21986–2011
United States v. Ammar green
ca3 · 1983
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
Ostric v. Corporation of St. Mary's College green
scotus · 1983
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
PRC Harris, Inc. v. Boeing Co. green
scotus · 1983
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

21986–2011
United States v. William Augustus Broome, United States of America v. James Lee Spoone, United States of America v. Billie K. Spoone green
ca4 · 1984
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
United States v. Judy Ann Archer and Jerry Vaughn Archer green
ca5 · 1984
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
United States v. Jake Keller Neal green
ca10 · 1984
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
United States v. Nick Kapnison green
ca10 · 1984
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
Gill v. Commonwealth green
kyctapphigh · 1964
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
United States v. Kahn green
scotus · 1974
2 sentences

2011We held: “The confidential communications privilege is based on the premise of preservation of the family. ‘The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy.’ United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev’d on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L

2011We held: “The confidential communications privilege is based on the premise of preservation of the family. ‘The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy.’ United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev’d on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L

21986–2011
United States v. Arnold J. Price, Charles R. Mitchell, William Pernar Mitchell, A/K/A Bill Mitchell, and Bobbi Mitchell green
ca9 · 1978
21986–2011
Pennsylvania v. Lopinson green
scotus · 1973
2 sentences

2011We held: “The confidential communications privilege is based on the premise of preservation of the family. ‘The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy.’ United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev’d on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L

1986"The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy." United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev'd on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L.Ed.2d 225 (1974).

21986–2011
Richardson v. Hamilton International Corp. green
scotus · 1973
2 sentences

2011We held: “The confidential communications privilege is based on the premise of preservation of the family. ‘The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy.’ United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev’d on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L

1986"The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy." United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev'd on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L.Ed.2d 225 (1974).

21986–2011
Bryant v. Nelson green
scotus · 1974
2 sentences

2011We held: “The confidential communications privilege is based on the premise of preservation of the family. ‘The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy.’ United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev’d on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L

1986"The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy." United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev'd on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L.Ed.2d 225 (1974).

21986–2011
Agnew v. United States green
scotus · 1974
2 sentences

2011We held: “The confidential communications privilege is based on the premise of preservation of the family. ‘The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy.’ United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev’d on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L

1986"The privilege for confidential marital communications is thought to do this by encouraging the spouses to be frank and open with each other by protecting marital privacy." United States v. Van Drunen, 501 F.2d 1393, 1396 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1091 , 95 S.Ct. 684 , 42 L.Ed.2d 684 (1974) (citing United States v. Kahn, 471 F.2d 191, 194 (7th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986 , 93 S.Ct. 2271 , 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973), rev'd on other grounds, 415 U.S. 143 , 94 S.Ct. 977 , 39 L.Ed.2d 225 (1974).

21986–2011
State v. Smith green
me · 1978
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
California v. Civil Aeronautics Board green
scotus · 1979
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
Todd v. Associated Credit Bureau Services, Inc. green
scotus · 1979
21986–2011
Mitchell v. United States green
scotus · 1979
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
Barham v. Welch green
scotus · 1981
21986–2011
LoBue v. Nevada ex rel. Department of Highways green
scotus · 1981
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
D'Arc v. D'Arc green
scotus · 1981
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
Sanchez-Colon v. Marsh green
scotus · 1984
21986–2011
In re Sekerez green
scotus · 1984
21986–2011
Rabauliman v. Territory of Guam green
scotus · 1984
21986–2011
Galloway v. Allsbrook green
scotus · 1985
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
Bellevue Fire Fighters Local 1604 v. City of Bellevue green
scotus · 1985
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
Ballard v. Virginia green
scotus · 1985
2 sentences

2011United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1015 , 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1086 , 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 861 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 855 , 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983)

1986United States v. Kapnison, 743 F.2d 1450 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 2017 , 85 L.Ed.2d. 299 (1985); United States v. Neal, 743 F.2d 1441 (10th Cir.1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 1848 , 85 L.Ed.2d 146 (1985); United States v. Archer, 733 F.2d 354 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___ 105 S.Ct. 196 , 83 L.Ed.2d. 128 (1984); United States v. Broome, 732 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S.___, 105 S.Ct. 181 , 83 L.Ed.2d 116 (1984); United States v. Ammar, 714 F.2d 238 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 344 , 78 L.Ed.2d 311 (1983); Un

21986–2011
Moteles v. University of Pennsylvania green
scotus · 1984
12011–2011
Smith v. Wyrick green
scotus · 1984
12011–2011
Lacy v. Gabriel green
scotus · 1984
12011–2011
CED'S, Inc. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency green
scotus · 1985
12011–2011
Neal v. United States green
scotus · 1985
12011–2011

Where else courts name it

AL 6 (1980–2025) PA 5 (2001–2024) WA 4 (2005–2021) MI 3 (1989–2014) WV 2 (1994–2002)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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