expressio unius est exclusio alterius doctrine (Michigan) · Go Syfert
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expressio unius est exclusio alterius doctrine in Michigan

50 Michigan opinions name it 2 courts 1953–2025 9 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Michigan courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (14)

CaseFollowedCited
Pittsfield Charter Township v. Washtenaw Countygreen
mich · 2003 · cited in 8 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2004–2023
2 sentences

2023Pursuant to “the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius,” meaning “the expression of one thing suggests the exclusion of all others,” Pittsfield Charter Twp v Washtenaw Co, 468 Mich. 702, 712 ; 664 NW2d 193 (2003), the fact that the Legislature explicitly provided a single situation in which contempt proceedings may be heard before a different court strongly suggests that contempt proceedings may not otherwise be held before a different court.

2023Pursuant to “the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius,” meaning “the expression of one thing suggests the exclusion of all others,” Pittsfield Charter Twp v Washtenaw Co, 468 Mich. 702, 712 ; 664 NW2d 193 (2003), the fact that the Legislature explicitly provided a single situation in which contempt proceedings may be heard before a different court strongly suggests that contempt proceedings may not otherwise be held before a different court.

48
Jawad a Shah Md Pc v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Cogreen
michctapp · 2018 · cited in 3 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2018–2020
2 sentences

2020By not including past-due benefits in this statutory prohibition, the Legislature, under the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius, made clear its intent to adhere to the fundamental principle that assignments of past-due benefits are effective and proper. [Shah, 324 Mich App at 216 (SHAPIRO, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part).] It is a misapplication of the expressio unius maxim to conclude that the Legislature must have intended by implication to render invalid all anti-assignment provisions.

2019While plaintiff also alleged that defendant breached its contractual duties pursuant to the contract, there is no contract between Allen, the injured party, and defendant, the responsible insurer. -4- Legislature is presumed to have intended the meaning that a statute plainly expresses. [Id. (citation omitted).] See also Shah, 324 Mich App at 216 (SHAPIRO, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part) (“By not including past-due benefits in this statutory prohibition, the Legislature, under the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius, made clear its intent to adhere to the fundament

33
In re AJRgreen
michctapp · 2013 · cited in 3 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2014–2015
2 sentences

2015Hackel v Macomb Co Comm, 298 Mich App 311, 324 ; 826 NW2d 753 (2012) (explaining that “the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius” means “inclusion by specific mention excludes what is not mentioned”) (citation and quotation marks omitted); see also In re AJR, 300 Mich App 597, 600 ; 834 NW2d 904 (2013) (“[T]his Court may not ignore the omission of a term from one section of a statute when that term is used in another section of the statute.”).

2015Hackel v Macomb Co Comm, 298 Mich App 311, 324 ; 826 NW2d 753 (2012) (explaining that “the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius” means “inclusion by specific mention excludes what is not mentioned”) (citation and quotation marks omitted); see also In re AJR, 300 Mich App 597, 600 ; 834 NW2d 904 (2013) (“[T]his Court may not ignore the omission of a term from one section of a statute when that term is used in another section of the statute.”).

33
Detroit City Council v. Mayor of Detroitgreen
michctapp · 2009 · cited in 5 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2012–2025
2 sentences

2025THE SLI DRAWING’S REQUIREMENTS 4 The doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the expression of one thing is the exclusion of another) “has been described as a rule of construction that is a product of logic and common sense.” Detroit City Council v Detroit Mayor, 283 Mich App 442, 456 ; 770 NW2d 117 (2009) (quotation marks and citation omitted).

2025THE SLI DRAWING’S REQUIREMENTS 4 The doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the expression of one thing is the exclusion of another) “has been described as a rule of construction that is a product of logic and common sense.” Detroit City Council v Detroit Mayor, 283 Mich App 442, 456 ; 770 NW2d 117 (2009) (quotation marks and citation omitted).

25
Hackel v. Macomb County Commissiongreen
michctapp · 2012 · cited in 3 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2014–2015
2 sentences

2015Hackel v Macomb Co Comm, 298 Mich App 311, 324 ; 826 NW2d 753 (2012) (explaining that “the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius” means “inclusion by specific mention excludes what is not mentioned”) (citation and quotation marks omitted); see also In re AJR, 300 Mich App 597, 600 ; 834 NW2d 904 (2013) (“[T]his Court may not ignore the omission of a term from one section of a statute when that term is used in another section of the statute.”).

2015Hackel v Macomb Co Comm, 298 Mich App 311, 324 ; 826 NW2d 753 (2012) (explaining that “the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius” means “inclusion by specific mention excludes what is not mentioned”) (citation and quotation marks omitted); see also In re AJR, 300 Mich App 597, 600 ; 834 NW2d 904 (2013) (“[T]his Court may not ignore the omission of a term from one section of a statute when that term is used in another section of the statute.”).

23
Williams v. Mayor of Detroitgreen
· 1853 · cited in 3 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1953–2018
2 sentences

2018The doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius has long been recognized in this State: that “the expression of one thing suggests the exclusion of all others.” People v Wilson, 500 Mich 521 , 526; 902 NW2d 378 (2017); Williams v Mayor, Etc., of Detroit, 2 Mich 560, 563 (1853)3; Pine Grove Twp v Talcott, 86 US (19 Wall) 666, 674-675; 22 LEd 227 (1873).

2018The doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius has long been recognized in this state: that "the expression of one thing suggests the exclusion of all others." People v. Wilson , 500 Mich. 521 , 526, 902 N.W.2d 378 (2017) ; Williams v. Mayor, &c., of Detroit , 2 Mich. 560 , 563 (1853) 3 ; Pine Grove Twp. v. Talcott , 86 U.S. (19 Wall). 666, 674-675, 22 L Ed 227 (1873).

13
Wayne County v. Wayne County Retirement Commissiongreen
michctapp · 2005 · cited in 2 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2014–2015
2 sentences

2015See Wayne Co v Wayne Co Retirement Comm, 267 Mich App 230, 248 ; 704 NW2d 117 (2005) (“A general principle of . . . construction is the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius, which means the express mention of one thing implies the exclusion of another.”).

2015See Wayne Co v Wayne Co Retirement Comm, 267 Mich App 230, 248 ; 704 NW2d 117 (2005) (“A general principle of . . . construction is the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius, which means the express mention of one thing implies the exclusion of another.”).

12
Darryl McGore v. Baraga Correctional Facility Wardengreen
mich · 2018 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018See also Shah , 324 Mich. App. at 216 , 920 N.W.2d 148 ( SHAPIRO , J., concurring in part and dissenting in part) ("By not including past-due benefits in this statutory prohibition, the Legislature, under the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius , made clear its intent to adhere to the fundamental principle that assignments of past-due benefits are effective and proper.").

11
City of Detroit v. Walkergreen
mich · 1994 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015However, in construing Const 1963, art 7, § 22 and Const 1963, art 7, § 34, the Michigan Supreme Court ruled that “home rule cities enjoy not only those powers specifically granted, but they may also exercise all powers not expressly denied.” Walker, 445 Mich at 690 (emphasis added).

11
Luttrell v. Department of Correctionsgreen
mich · 1985 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See Luttrell v Dep’t of Corrections, 421 Mich 93, 107 ; 365 NW2d 74 (1984).

2008See Luttrell v Dep’t of Corrections, 421 Mich 93, 107 ; 365 NW2d 74 (1984).

11
Rowell v. Security Steel Processing Co.green
mich · 1994 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Feld v. Robert & Charles Beauty Salongreen
mich · 1990 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
People v. Langegreen
michctapp · 1981 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982
11
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co. v. Public Service Commissiongreen
michctapp · 1975 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1981–1981
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Michigan. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (31)

CaseCitedYears
People v. Jahner green
mich · 1989
2 sentences

2017The application of the canon of statutory interpretation expressio unius est exclusio alterius 2 directs us to read this absence as 2 “[T]he doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius . . . provides that ‘the express mention in a statute of one thing implies the exclusion of other similar things.’ ” People v Feeley, 499 Mich 429, 438-439 ; 885 NW2d 223 (2016), quoting People v Jahner, 433 Mich 490 , 500 n 3; 446 NW2d 151 (1989). 8 meaningful, especially in light of the lack of any language that would suggest that this was intended to be an illustrative, rather than an exclusionary, list

2017The application of the canon of statutory interpretation expressio unius est exclusio alterius 2 directs us to read this absence as 2 “[T]he doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius . . . provides that ‘the express mention in a statute of one thing implies the exclusion of other similar things.’ ” People v Feeley, 499 Mich 429, 438-439 ; 885 NW2d 223 (2016), quoting People v Jahner, 433 Mich 490 , 500 n 3; 446 NW2d 151 (1989). 8 meaningful, especially in light of the lack of any language that would suggest that this was intended to be an illustrative, rather than an exclusionary, list

42016–2023
Tuggle v. Department of State Police green
michctapp · 2006
2 sentences

2020Further buttressing this conclusion is the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius, which is “the maxim that the expression of one thing means the exclusion of another . . . .” Tuggle v Dept of State Police, 269 Mich App 657, 663 ; 712 NW2d 750 (2005).

2020Further buttressing this conclusion is the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius, which is “the maxim that the expression of one thing means the exclusion of another . . . .” Tuggle v Dept of State Police, 269 Mich App 657, 663 ; 712 NW2d 750 (2005).

32008–2020
Midamerican Energy Company v. Department of Treasury green
michctapp · 2014
2 sentences

2020MidAmerican Energy Co v Dep't of Treasury, 308 Mich App 362, 370 ; 863 NW2d 387 (2014) (citation and quotations omitted) (“A general principle of statutory construction is the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius, which means the express mention of one thing implies the exclusion of another.”) By this same logic, that the Legislature expressly gave Treasury a limited role as a depository and collection agent implies that the Legislature did not intend to grant Treasury the expansive powers it possesses under the Revenue Act with respect to the QAA.

2016League General Insurance 5 “[T]he doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius . . . means the express mention of one thing implies the exclusion of another.” MidAmerican Energy Co v Dep’t of Treasury, 308 Mich App 362, 370 ; 863 NW2d 387 (2014). -8- Our Supreme Court’s holding in League Gen Ins, 435 Mich at 338 does not alter our conclusion that the MCCA is a public body for purposes of FOIA.

22016–2020
Township of Pine Grove v. Talcott green
scotus · 1874
2 sentences

2018The doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius has long been recognized in this State: that “the expression of one thing suggests the exclusion of all others.” People v Wilson, 500 Mich 521 , 526; 902 NW2d 378 (2017); Williams v Mayor, Etc., of Detroit, 2 Mich 560, 563 (1853)3; Pine Grove Twp v Talcott, 86 US (19 Wall) 666, 674-675; 22 LEd 227 (1873).

2018The doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius has long been recognized in this state: that "the expression of one thing suggests the exclusion of all others." People v. Wilson , 500 Mich. 521 , 526, 902 N.W.2d 378 (2017) ; Williams v. Mayor, &c., of Detroit , 2 Mich. 560 , 563 (1853) 3 ; Pine Grove Twp. v. Talcott , 86 U.S. (19 Wall). 666, 674-675, 22 L Ed 227 (1873).

22018–2018
People v. Feeley green
mich · 2016
2 sentences

2017The application of the canon of statutory interpretation expressio unius est exclusio alterius 2 directs us to read this absence as 2 “[T]he doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius . . . provides that ‘the express mention in a statute of one thing implies the exclusion of other similar things.’ ” People v Feeley, 499 Mich 429, 438-439 ; 885 NW2d 223 (2016), quoting People v Jahner, 433 Mich 490 , 500 n 3; 446 NW2d 151 (1989). 8 meaningful, especially in light of the lack of any language that would suggest that this was intended to be an illustrative, rather than an exclusionary, list

2017The application of the canon of statutory interpretation expressio unius est exclusio alterius 2 directs us to read this absence as 2 “[T]he doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius . . . provides that ‘the express mention in a statute of one thing implies the exclusion of other similar things.’ ” People v Feeley, 499 Mich 429, 438-439 ; 885 NW2d 223 (2016), quoting People v Jahner, 433 Mich 490 , 500 n 3; 446 NW2d 151 (1989). 8 meaningful, especially in light of the lack of any language that would suggest that this was intended to be an illustrative, rather than an exclusionary, list

22017–2017
Dave's Place, Inc. v. Liquor Control Comm. green
mich · 1936
2 sentences

2013Pittsfield Charter Twp v Washtenaw Co, 468 Mich 702, 712 ; 664 NW2d 193 (2003); Dave’s Place, Inc v Liquor Control Comm, 277 Mich 551 ; 269 NW 594 (1936); Detroit v Redford Twp, 253 Mich 453, 455-456 ; 235 NW 217 (1931). 35 Rahman, 245 Mich App at 121 . 14 reasons” has no effect on the employer’s obligation to pay weekly benefits under the law.36 C.

2013Pittsfield Charter Twp v Washtenaw Co, 468 Mich 702, 712 ; 664 NW2d 193 (2003); Dave’s Place, Inc v Liquor Control Comm, 277 Mich 551 ; 269 NW 594 (1936); Detroit v Redford Twp, 253 Mich 453, 455-456 ; 235 NW 217 (1931). 35 Rahman, 245 Mich App at 121 . 14 reasons” has no effect on the employer’s obligation to pay weekly benefits under the law.36 C.

22003–2013
Stowers v. Wolodzko green
mich · 1971
2 sentences

1999The conclusion that the subsection supersedes the common law is based on the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius (“express mention in a statute of one thing implies the exclusion of other similar things.” Stowers v Wolodzko, 386 Mich 119, 133 ; 191 NW2d 355 [1971]).

1999The conclusion that the subsection supersedes the common law is based on the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius (“express mention in a statute of one thing implies the exclusion of other similar things.” Stowers v Wolodzko, 386 Mich 119, 133 ; 191 NW2d 355 [1971]).

21988–1999
Smitter v. Thornapple Township green
mich · 2013
2 sentences

2022“Under the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the expression of one thing is the exclusion of another), the specification in a statute of one particular class excludes all other classes.” Smitter v Thornapple Twp, 494 Mich 121 , 137 n 34; 833 NW2d 875 (2013).

2022“Under the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the expression of one thing is the exclusion of another), the specification in a statute of one particular class excludes all other classes.” Smitter v Thornapple Twp, 494 Mich 121 , 137 n 34; 833 NW2d 875 (2013).

12022–2022
Coventry Parkhomes Condominium Ass'n v. Federal National Mortgage Ass'n green
michctapp · 2012
1 sentence

2021Id.

12021–2021
Barnhart v. Peabody Coal Co. green
scotus · 2003
2 sentences

2020The maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the expression of one thing is the exclusion of another),5 “has force only when the items expressed are members of an associated group or series, justifying the inference that items not mentioned were excluded by deliberate choice, not inadvertence.” Esurance Prop & Cas Ins Co v Michigan Assigned Claims Plan, ___Mich App ___, ___; ___ NW2d ___ (2019) (Docket No. 344715), quoting Barnhart v Peabody Coal Co, 537 US 149, 168 ; 123 S Ct 748 ; 154 L Ed 2d 653 (2003) (internal quotation marks omitted).

2020The maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the expression of one thing is the exclusion of another),5 “has force only when the items expressed are members of an associated group or series, justifying the inference that items not mentioned were excluded by deliberate choice, not inadvertence.” Esurance Prop & Cas Ins Co v Michigan Assigned Claims Plan, ___Mich App ___, ___; ___ NW2d ___ (2019) (Docket No. 344715), quoting Barnhart v Peabody Coal Co, 537 US 149, 168 ; 123 S Ct 748 ; 154 L Ed 2d 653 (2003) (internal quotation marks omitted).

12020–2020
Hoste v. Shanty Creek Management, Inc green
mich · 1999
2 sentences

2020Generally speaking, the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius (“express mention in a statute of one thing implies the exclusion of other similar things”) would exclude the EPGA from the inclusion in the collective “statutes.” Hoste v Shanty Creek Mgt, Inc, 459 Mich 561, 572 , 592 NW2d 360 (1999).

2020Generally speaking, the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius (“express mention in a statute of one thing implies the exclusion of other similar things”) would exclude the EPGA from the inclusion in the collective “statutes.” Hoste v Shanty Creek Mgt, Inc, 459 Mich 561, 572 , 592 NW2d 360 (1999).

12020–2020
In Re MCI Telecommunications Complaint green
mich · 1999
2 sentences

2016In re MCI Telecom Complaint, 460 Mich 396, 415 ; 596 NW2d 164 (1999).

2016In re MCI Telecom Complaint, 460 Mich 396, 415 ; 596 NW2d 164 (1999).

12016–2016
League General Insurance v. Michigan Catastrophic Claims Ass'n green
mich · 1990
1 sentence

2016League General Insurance 5 “[T]he doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius . . . means the express mention of one thing implies the exclusion of another.” MidAmerican Energy Co v Dep’t of Treasury, 308 Mich App 362, 370 ; 863 NW2d 387 (2014). -8- Our Supreme Court’s holding in League Gen Ins, 435 Mich at 338 does not alter our conclusion that the MCCA is a public body for purposes of FOIA.

12016–2016
City of Detroit v. Township of Redford green
mich · 1931
2 sentences

2013Pittsfield Charter Twp v Washtenaw Co, 468 Mich 702, 712 ; 664 NW2d 193 (2003); Dave’s Place, Inc v Liquor Control Comm, 277 Mich 551 ; 269 NW 594 (1936); Detroit v Redford Twp, 253 Mich 453, 455-456 ; 235 NW 217 (1931). 35 Rahman, 245 Mich App at 121 . 14 reasons” has no effect on the employer’s obligation to pay weekly benefits under the law.36 C.

2013Pittsfield Charter Twp v Washtenaw Co, 468 Mich 702, 712 ; 664 NW2d 193 (2003); Dave’s Place, Inc v Liquor Control Comm, 277 Mich 551 ; 269 NW 594 (1936); Detroit v Redford Twp, 253 Mich 453, 455-456 ; 235 NW 217 (1931). 35 Rahman, 245 Mich App at 121 . 14 reasons” has no effect on the employer’s obligation to pay weekly benefits under the law.36 C.

12013–2013
Rahman v. Detroit Board of Education green
michctapp · 2001
1 sentence

2013Pittsfield Charter Twp v Washtenaw Co, 468 Mich 702, 712 ; 664 NW2d 193 (2003); Dave’s Place, Inc v Liquor Control Comm, 277 Mich 551 ; 269 NW 594 (1936); Detroit v Redford Twp, 253 Mich 453, 455-456 ; 235 NW 217 (1931). 35 Rahman, 245 Mich App at 121 . 14 reasons” has no effect on the employer’s obligation to pay weekly benefits under the law.36 C.

12013–2013
Houghton Lake Area Tourism & Convention Bureau v. Wood green
michctapp · 2003
2 sentences

2010Cf. Houghton Lake Area Tourism & Convention Bureau v Wood, 255 Mich App 127, 151 ; 662 NW2d 758 (2003) (explaining doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius).

2010Cf. Houghton Lake Area Tourism & Convention Bureau v Wood, 255 Mich App 127, 151 ; 662 NW2d 758 (2003) (explaining doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius).

12010–2010
William Miller v. Allstate Ins Co green
mich · 2008
2 sentences

2010Co., 481 Mich. 601, 611 , 751 N.W.2d 463 (2008), is misplaced.

2010In addition, defendant’s reliance on the equally well-established doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius (“the expression of one thing is the exclusion of another”), Miller v Allstate Ins Co, 481 Mich 601, 611 ; 751 NW2d 463 (2008), is misplaced.

12010–2010
Hoerstman General Contracting, Inc v. Hahn green
mich · 2006
2 sentences

2009It has been described as “a rule of construction that is a product of logic and common sense.” Hoerstman Gen Contracting Inc v Hahn, 474 Mich 66, 74 ; 711 NW2d 340 (2006).

2009It has been described as “a rule of construction that is a product of logic and common sense.” Hoerstman Gen Contracting Inc v Hahn, 474 Mich 66, 74 ; 711 NW2d 340 (2006).

12009–2009
United States Department of Defense v. Federal Labor Relations Authority green
scotus · 1994
12008–2008
United States Department of Justice v. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press green
scotus · 1989
2 sentences

2008It observed that "both the common law and the literal understandings of privacy encompass the individual's control of information concerning his or her person." Id. at 763 , 109 S.Ct. 1468 . [62] See Dep't of Defense, 510 U.S. at 501 , 114 S.Ct. 1006 ("Whatever the reason that these employees have chosen not to . . . provide . . . their addresses, however, it is clear that they have some nontrivial privacy interest in nondisclosure."). [63] Plaintiff relies on the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius to argue that identifying information can never be exempt under the privacy exemp

2008It observed that "both the common law and the literal understandings of privacy encompass the individual's control of information concerning his or her person." Id. at 763 , 109 S.Ct. 1468 . [62] See Dep't of Defense, 510 U.S. at 501 , 114 S.Ct. 1006 ("Whatever the reason that these employees have chosen not to . . . provide . . . their addresses, however, it is clear that they have some nontrivial privacy interest in nondisclosure."). [63] Plaintiff relies on the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius to argue that identifying information can never be exempt under the privacy exemp

12008–2008
FELSNER v. McDONALD RENT-A-CAR, INC green
michctapp · 1988
2 sentences

2008But this Court has held that “[a] fair reading of the language of § 7931(2) does not lead 'one to the conclusion that the rights enumerated therein are all-inclusive.” Felsner v McDonald Rent-A-Car Inc, 173 Mich App 518, 523 ; 434 NW2d 178 (1988).

2008But this Court has held that “[a] fair reading of the language of § 7931(2) does not lead 'one to the conclusion that the rights enumerated therein are all-inclusive.” Felsner v McDonald Rent-A-Car Inc, 173 Mich App 518, 523 ; 434 NW2d 178 (1988).

12008–2008
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education green
mich · 1997
12003–2003
Elliott v. Genesee County neutral
michctapp · 1988
12003–2003
McKissic v. Bodine green
michctapp · 1972
11999–1999
Selk v. Detroit Plastic Products green
mich · 1984
11988–1988
Sebewaing Industries, Inc. v. Village of Sebewaing green
mich · 1953
11984–1984
City of Detroit v. Muzzin & Vincenti, Inc. neutral
michctapp · 1977
11981–1981
Bolton v. Cummings green
mich · 1918
11981–1981
Marshall v. Wabash Railway Co. green
mich · 1918
11981–1981
Valenti Homes, Inc. v. City of Sterling Heights neutral
michctapp · 1975
11978–1978
Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority v. Boards of Supervisors green
mich · 1942
11953–1953

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 15.231 (5) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3101 (5) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 8.3a (5) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 15.243 (4) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 125.3101 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 15.232 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 15.233 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 418.101 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 418.372 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 421.1 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3112 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 712A.19b (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

MI 50 (1953–2025) NC 35 (1979–2026) CA 30 (1944–2025) TX 28 (1961–2021) WI 23 (1980–2023) PA 22 (2002–2026) FL 11 (1934–2021) AZ 8 (1967–2017) NY 7 (1931–2024) KS 7 (2001–2022) CT 7 (2011–2025) IL 6 (1983–2012) MD 5 (2004–2015) IN 5 (1989–2026) WA 5 (2000–2013) OH 4 (1969–2017) NM 4 (1935–2005) WV 4 (1949–2011) AR 3 (2010–2011) NJ 3 (1980–2001) MO 3 (1911–1983) ID 3 (1954–1991) GA 2 (1967–2005) WY 2 (1933–2013) DE 2 (1968–2024) NH 2 (2016–2022) CO 2 (2007–2008)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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