refusal to take test (Pennsylvania) · Go Syfert
← Pennsylvania issues

refusal to take test in Pennsylvania

47 Pennsylvania opinions name it 8 courts 1974–2025 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Pennsylvania courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (14)

CaseFollowedCited
Com., Dept. of Transp. v. O'CONNELLgreen
pa · 1989 · cited in 14 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1990–2022
2 sentences

2022“The law has always required that the police must tell the arrestee of the consequences of a refusal to take the test so that he can make a knowing and conscious choice.” O’Connell, 555 A.2d at 877 .

2022“The law has always required that the police must tell the arrestee of the consequences of a refusal to take the test so that he can make a knowing and conscious choice.” O’Connell, 555 A.2d at 877 .

914
In Re Apepal From Susupension of Operator's License of Buddgreen
pacommwct · 1982 · cited in 7 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1987–2017
2 sentences

2017When a licensee fails to “exert a total conscious effort, and thereby fails to supply a sufficient breath sample, such is tantamount to a refusal to take the test.” Appeal of Budd, 442 A.2d 404, 406 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1982).

2002See Pappas v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 669 A.2d 504, 508 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1996) (stating that, where a licensee fails to “exert a total conscious effort, and thereby fails to supply a sufficient breath sample, such is tantamount to a refusal to take the test”)(quoting Appeal of Budd, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982)); Mueller v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 657 A.2d 90 (Pa.Cmwlth.), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 542 Pa. 637 , 665 A.2d 471 (1995) (noting that we have attempted to steadfastly recognize that a licensee’s f

57
Everhart v. Commonwealthgreen
pacommwct · 1980 · cited in 3 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1989–2025
2 sentences

2025See, Everhart v. Commonwealth, . . . 420 A.2d 13 (1980); Ford v. Department of Transportation, [Director of] Bureau of Traffic Safety, . . . 406 A.2d 240 (1979).

1989See Everhart v. Commonwealth, 54 Pa. Commw. 22 , 420 A.2d 13 (1980); Ford v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety, 45 Pa. Commw. 268 , 406 A.2d 240 (1979).

33
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Weavergreen
pa · 2006 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2011–2018
2 sentences

2018However, while Section 1547(b)(2)(ii) then “commandfed]” that a warning about enhanced criminal penalties be given, Weaver, 912 A.2d at 264 , the purpose behind that provision is to make a licensee aware “of the consequences of a refusal to take the test so that he can make a knowing and conscious ■ choice.” Dep’t of Transp., Bureau of Traffic Safety v. O’Connell, 521 Pa. 242 , 555 A.2d 873, 877 (1989); see Commonwealth v. Myers, 164 A.3d 1162 , 1171 n.12 (Pa. 2017) (plurality) (“purpose of [Section 1547(b)(2) ] 'is to entitle arrestees to the information necessary to assess the dire consequen

2018However, while Section 1547(b)(2)(ii) then “commandfed]” that a warning about enhanced criminal penalties be given, Weaver, 912 A.2d at 264 , the purpose behind that provision is to make a licensee aware “of the consequences of a refusal to take the test so that he can make a knowing and conscious ■ choice.” Dep’t of Transp., Bureau of Traffic Safety v. O’Connell, 521 Pa. 242 , 555 A.2d 873, 877 (1989); see Commonwealth v. Myers, 164 A.3d 1162 , 1171 n.12 (Pa. 2017) (plurality) (“purpose of [Section 1547(b)(2) ] 'is to entitle arrestees to the information necessary to assess the dire consequen

22
Pappas v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportationgreen
pacommwct · 1996 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1999–2002
2 sentences

2002See Pappas v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 669 A.2d 504, 508 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1996) (stating that, where a licensee fails to "exert a total conscious effort, and thereby fails to supply a sufficient breath sample, such is tantamount to a refusal to take the test")(quoting Appeal of Budd, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982)); *688 Mueller v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 657 A.2d 90 (Pa.Cmwlth.), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 542 Pa. 637 , 665 A.2d 471 (1995) (noting that we have attempted to steadfastly recognize that a license

2002See Pappas v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 669 A.2d 504, 508 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1996) (stating that, where a licensee fails to “exert a total conscious effort, and thereby fails to supply a sufficient breath sample, such is tantamount to a refusal to take the test”)(quoting Appeal of Budd, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982)); Mueller v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 657 A.2d 90 (Pa.Cmwlth.), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 542 Pa. 637 , 665 A.2d 471 (1995) (noting that we have attempted to steadfastly recognize that a licensee’s f

22
Garlick v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensinggreen
pacommwct · 2018 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2019–2021
2 sentences

2021We agree. 8 “[T]he purpose behind [the Implied Consent] provision is to make a licensee aware ‘of the consequences of a refusal to take the test so that he can make a knowing and conscious choice.’” Garlick v. Dep’t of Transp., Bureau of Driver Licensing, 176 A.3d 1030, 1036 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2018) (en banc) (quoting Dep’t of Transp., Bureau of Traffic Safety v. O’Connell, 555 A.2d 873, 877 (Pa. 1989)).

2019This Court explained that “the purpose behind [Section 1547(b)(2) was] to make a licensee aware ‘of the consequences of a refusal to take the test so that he can make a knowing and conscious choice.’” Garlick, 176 A.3d at 1036 (quoting Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. O’Connell, 555 A.2d 873, 877 (Pa. 1989)).

12
Commonwealth, Aplt. v. Myers, D.green
pa · 2017 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2018–2019
2 sentences

2019Once advised of the consequences, “‘anything less than an unqualified, -5- J-A27002-18 unequivocal assent constitutes a refusal[.]’” Commonwealth v. Myers, 164 A.3d 1162 , 1181 n.21 (Pa. 2017); see also Commonwealth v. Hunsinger, 549 A.2d 973, 976 (Pa.Super. 1988).

2018However, while Section 1547(b)(2)(ii) then “commandfed]” that a warning about enhanced criminal penalties be given, Weaver, 912 A.2d at 264 , the purpose behind that provision is to make a licensee aware “of the consequences of a refusal to take the test so that he can make a knowing and conscious ■ choice.” Dep’t of Transp., Bureau of Traffic Safety v. O’Connell, 521 Pa. 242 , 555 A.2d 873, 877 (1989); see Commonwealth v. Myers, 164 A.3d 1162 , 1171 n.12 (Pa. 2017) (plurality) (“purpose of [Section 1547(b)(2) ] 'is to entitle arrestees to the information necessary to assess the dire consequen

12
COM., DEPT. OF TRANSP. v. Beattygreen
pacommwct · 1991 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1999–2002
2 sentences

2002See Pappas v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 669 A.2d 504, 508 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1996) (stating that, where a licensee fails to “exert a total conscious effort, and thereby fails to supply a sufficient breath sample, such is tantamount to a refusal to take the test”)(quoting Appeal of Budd, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982)); Mueller v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 657 A.2d 90 (Pa.Cmwlth.), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 542 Pa. 637 , 665 A.2d 471 (1995) (noting that we have attempted to steadfastly recognize that a licensee’s f

2002See Pappas v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 669 A.2d 504, 508 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1996) (stating that, where a licensee fails to “exert a total conscious effort, and thereby fails to supply a sufficient breath sample, such is tantamount to a refusal to take the test”)(quoting Appeal of Budd, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982)); Mueller v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 657 A.2d 90 (Pa.Cmwlth.), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 542 Pa. 637 , 665 A.2d 471 (1995) (noting that we have attempted to steadfastly recognize that a licensee’s f

12
Mueller v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensinggreen
pacommwct · 1995 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1999–2002
2 sentences

2002See Pappas v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 669 A.2d 504, 508 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1996) (stating that, where a licensee fails to "exert a total conscious effort, and thereby fails to supply a sufficient breath sample, such is tantamount to a refusal to take the test")(quoting Appeal of Budd, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982)); *688 Mueller v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 657 A.2d 90 (Pa.Cmwlth.), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 542 Pa. 637 , 665 A.2d 471 (1995) (noting that we have attempted to steadfastly recognize that a license

2002See Pappas v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 669 A.2d 504, 508 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1996) (stating that, where a licensee fails to “exert a total conscious effort, and thereby fails to supply a sufficient breath sample, such is tantamount to a refusal to take the test”)(quoting Appeal of Budd, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982)); Mueller v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 657 A.2d 90 (Pa.Cmwlth.), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 542 Pa. 637 , 665 A.2d 471 (1995) (noting that we have attempted to steadfastly recognize that a licensee’s f

12
Commonwealth, Department of Transportation v. Daygreen
pacommwct · 1985 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1987–1998
2 sentences

1998Id., 500 A.2d at 215 .

1998Id., 500 A.2d at 215 .

12
Commonwealth v. Hunsingergreen
pasuperct · 1988 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019Once advised of the consequences, “‘anything less than an unqualified, -5- J-A27002-18 unequivocal assent constitutes a refusal[.]’” Commonwealth v. Myers, 164 A.3d 1162 , 1181 n.21 (Pa. 2017); see also Commonwealth v. Hunsinger, 549 A.2d 973, 976 (Pa.Super. 1988).

11
COM., DEPT. OF TRANSP. v. Fiestergreen
pacommwct · 1990 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
2 sentences

1992In PennDOT v. Fiester, 136 Pa. Commw. 342 , 583 A.2d 31, 32 (1990) the court stated: “The law has always required that the police must tell the arrestee of the consequences of a refusal to take the test so that he can make a knowing and conscious choice....

1992In PennDOT v. Fiester, 136 Pa. Commw. 342 , 583 A.2d 31, 32 (1990) the court stated: “The law has always required that the police must tell the arrestee of the consequences of a refusal to take the test so that he can make a knowing and conscious choice....

11
Sheakley v. Commonwealthgreen
pacommwct · 1986 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
1 sentence

1989“The only warning to which the motorist is entitled under the statute prior to being asked to submit to a breathalyzer is that the motorist’s driver’s license would be automatically suspended upon a refusal to take the test. ” Id. at 333, 513 A.2d at 554.

11
Edmundson v. Commonwealthgreen
pacommwct · 1978 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Pennsylvania. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (29)

CaseCitedYears
Ford v. Commonwealth neutral
pacommwct · 1979
2 sentences

1983Weitzel Appeal, 41 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 235 , 400 A.2d 646 (1979), in addition, in Ford v. Department of Transportation, Director of Bureau of Traffic Safety, 45 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 268 , 406 A.2d 240 (1979), we rejected the argument that confusion concerning the Miranda rights and the obligation to submit to a breathalyzer test justified a refusal to take the test.

1983Weitzel Appeal, 41 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 235 , 400 A.2d 646 (1979), in addition, in Ford v. Department of Transportation, Director of Bureau of Traffic Safety, 45 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 268 , 406 A.2d 240 (1979), we rejected the argument that confusion concerning the Miranda rights and the obligation to submit to a breathalyzer test justified a refusal to take the test.

41983–2025
King v. Commonwealth green
pacommwct · 1984
2 sentences

1994Com., Dept. of Transp. v. O’Connell, 521 Pa. 242 , 555 A.2d 873 (1989) (citing King v. Dep’t of Transp., Bureau of Traffic Safety, 81 Pa.Cmwlth. 177 , 472 A.2d 1196 (1984)).

1994Com., Dept. of Transp. v. O’Connell, 521 Pa. 242 , 555 A.2d 873 (1989) (citing King v. Dep’t of Transp., Bureau of Traffic Safety, 81 Pa.Cmwlth. 177 , 472 A.2d 1196 (1984)).

31986–1994
Department of Transportation v. Gross green
pacommwct · 1992
2 sentences

2002See Pappas v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 669 A.2d 504, 508 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1996) (stating that, where a licensee fails to “exert a total conscious effort, and thereby fails to supply a sufficient breath sample, such is tantamount to a refusal to take the test”)(quoting Appeal of Budd, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982)); Mueller v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 657 A.2d 90 (Pa.Cmwlth.), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 542 Pa. 637 , 665 A.2d 471 (1995) (noting that we have attempted to steadfastly recognize that a licensee’s f

2002See Pappas v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 669 A.2d 504, 508 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1996) (stating that, where a licensee fails to “exert a total conscious effort, and thereby fails to supply a sufficient breath sample, such is tantamount to a refusal to take the test”)(quoting Appeal of Budd, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982)); Mueller v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 657 A.2d 90 (Pa.Cmwlth.), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 542 Pa. 637 , 665 A.2d 471 (1995) (noting that we have attempted to steadfastly recognize that a licensee’s f

21999–2002
Commonwealth v. Tantlinger green
pacommwct · 1977
2 sentences

1989The circumstances of a refusal to take a test ■which triggers the right of the commonwealth to suspend operating privileges “depends on whether the refusal was a conscious and knowing act.” Commonwealth, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Tantlinger, 29 Pa. Commw. 536 , 371 A.2d 1037 (1977).

1989The circumstances of a refusal to take a test ■which triggers the right of the commonwealth to suspend operating privileges “depends on whether the refusal was a conscious and knowing act.” Commonwealth, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Tantlinger, 29 Pa. Commw. 536 , 371 A.2d 1037 (1977).

21984–1989
Commonwealth v. Hanes green
pacommwct · 1980
2 sentences

1984Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Hanes, 49 Pa. Commw. 407 , 411 A.2d 571 (1980).

1984Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Hanes, 49 Pa. Commw. 407 , 411 A.2d 571 (1980).

21982–1984
Martinovic v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing green
pacommwct · 2005
1 sentence

2022To the extent that Martinovic suggests that it is “inconsequential” whether a licensee understands those consequences, Martinovic, 881 A.2d at 35 , we regard this language as dicta, and conclude that it is not consistent with applicable precedent.

12022–2022
McKenna v. Commonwealth green
pacommwct · 2013
1 sentence

2019McKenna, 72 A.3d at 300-01 . 10 Upon examination of the record, we conclude common pleas’ finding that Licensee interjected repeated questions each time Chief Tolson asked her to submit to a blood test is supported by substantial evidence.

12019–2019
Commonwealth v. Jones green
pasuperct · 2015
1 sentence

2019If the physician cannot determine that a medical condition could have prevented the employee from providing a sufficient amount of breath, “the employee’s failure to provide an adequate amount of breath will be regarded as a refusal to take the test and subject the employee to discharge.” Id.

12019–2019
Commonwealth v. Wroblewski green
pacommwct · 1982
2 sentences

2013In Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Wroblewski, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 333 , 442 A.2d 407 (1982), after being arrested for DUI, the licensee insisted on waiting for his attorney before submitting to testing.

2013In Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Wroblewski, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 333 , 442 A.2d 407 (1982), after being arrested for DUI, the licensee insisted on waiting for his attorney before submitting to testing.

12013–2013
In re Appeal of Miller green
pacommwct · 1984
2 sentences

2003See Cunningham (licensee’s request to take the test made only five minutes after initial refusal); Appeal of Miller, 79 Pa.Cmwlth. 648 , 470 A.2d 213 (1984) (licensee’s request to take the test *5 made only fifteen to twenty minutes after two separate refusals). 8 Here, there is no question that Licensee initially refused to submit to a breath test.

2003See Cunningham (licensee’s request to take the test made only five minutes after initial refusal); Appeal of Miller, 79 Pa.Cmwlth. 648 , 470 A.2d 213 (1984) (licensee’s request to take the test *5 made only fifteen to twenty minutes after two separate refusals). 8 Here, there is no question that Licensee initially refused to submit to a breath test.

12003–2003
COM., DEPT. OF TRANSP. v. Kilrain green
pacommwct · 1991
2 sentences

1996Lohner; Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Kilrain, 140 Pa.Cmwlth. 484 , 593 A.2d 932 (1991); Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Pestock, 136 Pa.Cmwlth. 694 , 584 A.2d 1075 (1990); Books v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 109 Pa.Cmwlth. 25 , 530 A.2d 972 (1987); Budd Appeal, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982).

1996Lohner; Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Kilrain, 140 Pa.Cmwlth. 484 , 593 A.2d 932 (1991); Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Pestock, 136 Pa.Cmwlth. 694 , 584 A.2d 1075 (1990); Books v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 109 Pa.Cmwlth. 25 , 530 A.2d 972 (1987); Budd Appeal, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982).

11996–1996
Commonwealth v. Pestock green
pacommwct · 1990
2 sentences

1996Lohner; Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Kilrain, 140 Pa.Cmwlth. 484 , 593 A.2d 932 (1991); Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Pestock, 136 Pa.Cmwlth. 694 , 584 A.2d 1075 (1990); Books v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 109 Pa.Cmwlth. 25 , 530 A.2d 972 (1987); Budd Appeal, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982).

1996Lohner; Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Kilrain, 140 Pa.Cmwlth. 484 , 593 A.2d 932 (1991); Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Pestock, 136 Pa.Cmwlth. 694 , 584 A.2d 1075 (1990); Books v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 109 Pa.Cmwlth. 25 , 530 A.2d 972 (1987); Budd Appeal, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982).

11996–1996
Books v. Commonwealth green
pacommwct · 1987
2 sentences

1996Lohner; Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Kilrain, 140 Pa.Cmwlth. 484 , 593 A.2d 932 (1991); Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Pestock, 136 Pa.Cmwlth. 694 , 584 A.2d 1075 (1990); Books v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 109 Pa.Cmwlth. 25 , 530 A.2d 972 (1987); Budd Appeal, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982).

1996Lohner; Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Kilrain, 140 Pa.Cmwlth. 484 , 593 A.2d 932 (1991); Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Pestock, 136 Pa.Cmwlth. 694 , 584 A.2d 1075 (1990); Books v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 109 Pa.Cmwlth. 25 , 530 A.2d 972 (1987); Budd Appeal, 65 Pa.Cmwlth. 314 , 442 A.2d 404 (1982).

11996–1996
Commonwealth v. Iannitti neutral
pacommwct · 1986
1 sentence

1991Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Iannitti, 100 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 239, 514 A.2d 954 (1986).

11991–1991
Commonwealth v. O'ROURKE. green
pacommwct · 1976
1 sentence

1988In O’Rourke , a passage of some 30 to 40 minutes expired prior to defendant’s consenting to the breathalyzer test, wherein the court concluded that “such delay amounted to a refusal to take the test.” Commonwealth v. O’Rourke, 25 Pa. Commw 580, 361 A.2d 496 (1976).

11988–1988
Maffei v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation green
pacommwct · 1980
2 sentences

1987At the hearing the attorney for the commonwealth, being familiar with the decision in Commonwealth, Department of Transportation v. Maffei, 53 Pa. Commw. 182 , 416 A.2d 1167 (1980), wherein the court held that agreeing to the drawing of blood, but refusing to sign-a waiver does not constitute a refusal to take the test, acknowledged that the blood test activities at the hospital did not constitute a refusal.

1987At the hearing the attorney for the commonwealth, being familiar with the decision in Commonwealth, Department of Transportation v. Maffei, 53 Pa. Commw. 182 , 416 A.2d 1167 (1980), wherein the court held that agreeing to the drawing of blood, but refusing to sign-a waiver does not constitute a refusal to take the test, acknowledged that the blood test activities at the hospital did not constitute a refusal.

11987–1987
Commonwealth v. Schauer green
pacommwct · 1983
2 sentences

1987Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Schauer, 77 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 125 , 465 A.2d 101 (1983).

1987Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Schauer, 77 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 125 , 465 A.2d 101 (1983).

11987–1987
Miele v. Commonwealth green
pacommwct · 1983
11987–1987
Brinkerhoff v. Bureau of Traffic Safety green
pacommwct · 1981
11984–1984
In Re Withdrawal of Motor Vehicle Privileges of Weitzel green
pacommwct · 1979
11983–1983
Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Jones green
pacommwct · 1978
11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Kelly green
pacommwct · 1975
11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Medalis green
pacommwct · 1976
11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Miles green
pacommwct · 1973
11977–1977
Commonwealth v. Quarles green
pasuperct · 1974
11975–1975
Commonwealth v. Wolpert green
pasuperct · 1973
11975–1975
Griffin v. California green
scotus · 1965
11974–1974
Malloy v. Hogan green
scotus · 1964
11974–1974
Miranda v. Arizona green
scotus · 1966
11974–1974

Statutes the citing opinions construe

PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1547 (38) PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 3802 (10) PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 3731 (7) PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 3804 (6) PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1550 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

PA 47 (1974–2025) CA 22 (1968–2023) IL 20 (1974–2010) TX 17 (1977–2011) OH 14 (1967–2008) WA 13 (1975–2016) VT 12 (1993–2018) NY 12 (1984–2024) KS 12 (1962–2022) GA 11 (1983–2020) MO 10 (1973–2011) MD 10 (1983–2022) NM 9 (1993–2022) ND 8 (1994–2025) NJ 8 (1970–2019) CT 7 (1961–2018) OR 7 (1978–2022) CO 6 (1979–2024) WV 6 (1978–2014) IN 6 (1977–2015) UT 5 (1979–2020) WI 5 (1979–2020) AZ 5 (1983–2002) FL 5 (1986–2003) IA 5 (1973–2019) OK 5 (1989–2025) NE 4 (1970–1987) MN 4 (1958–2006) VA 4 (1991–2024) MA 4 (1983–2013) SD 4 (1978–2022) NH 3 (1986–1997) MT 3 (1985–2017) LA 3 (1974–1987) TN 2 (1996–1998) HI 2 (2007–2014) NV 2 (1989–1991) NC 2 (1987–2019) ID 2 (1969–1989)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check