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6 New York opinions name it 2 courts 2021–2026 6 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Atwater v. City of Lago Vistagreen2 sentences2026"Probable cause consists of such facts and circumstances as would lead a reasonably prudent person in like circumstances to believe plaintiff guilty" ( Colon v City of New York , 60 NY2d 78, 82 [1983]; see De Lourdes Torres , 26 NY3d at 759 ; Atwater v City of Lago Vista , 532 US 318, 354 [2001]["If an officer has probable cause to believe that an individual has committed even a very minor criminal offense in his presence, he may, without violating the Fourth Amendment, arrest the offender"]). 2024"Probable cause consists of such facts and circumstances as would lead a reasonably prudent person in like circumstances to believe plaintiff guilty" ( Colon v City of New York , 60 NY2d 78, 82 [1983]; see De Lourdes Torres , 26 NY3d at 759 ; Atwater v City of Lago Vista , 532 US 318, 354 [2001]["If an officer has probable cause to believe that an individual has committed even a very minor criminal offense in his presence, he may, without violating the Fourth Amendment, arrest the offender"]). | 4 | 4 |
Colon v. City of New Yorkgreen2 sentences2026"Probable cause consists of such facts and circumstances as would lead a reasonably prudent person in like circumstances to believe plaintiff guilty" ( Colon v City of New York , 60 NY2d 78, 82 [1983]; see De Lourdes Torres , 26 NY3d at 759 ; Atwater v City of Lago Vista , 532 US 318, 354 [2001]["If an officer has probable cause to believe that an individual has committed even a very minor criminal offense in his presence, he may, without violating the Fourth Amendment, arrest the offender"]). 2024"Probable cause consists of such facts and circumstances as would lead a reasonably prudent person in like circumstances to believe plaintiff guilty" ( Colon v City of New York , 60 NY2d 78, 82 [1983]; see De Lourdes Torres , 26 NY3d at 759 ; Atwater v City of Lago Vista , 532 US 318, 354 [2001]["If an officer has probable cause to believe that an individual has committed even a very minor criminal offense in his presence, he may, without violating the Fourth Amendment, arrest the offender"]). | 4 | 4 |
Maria De Lourdes Torres v. Police Officer Jonesgreen2 sentences2026"For purposes of the privilege element of a false arrest and imprisonment claim, an act of confinement is privileged if it stems from a lawful arrest supported by probable cause" ( De Lourdes Torres , 26 NY3d at 759 [citations omitted]; see Gann v City of New York , 197 AD3d 1035 , 1035 [1st Dept 2021]["showing of probable cause to arrest is a complete defense to an unlawful arrest and imprisonment claim"]). 2024"For purposes of the privilege element of a false arrest and imprisonment claim, an act of confinement is privileged if it stems from a lawful arrest supported by probable cause" ( De Lourdes Torres , 26 NY3d at 759 [citations omitted]; see Gann v City of New York , 197 AD3d 1035 , 1035 [1st Dept 2021]["showing of probable cause to arrest is a complete defense to an unlawful arrest and imprisonment claim"]). | 3 | 3 |
People v. Espadagreen2 sentences2021The showing of probable cause to arrest is a complete defense to an unlawful arrest and imprisonment claim ( see Veloz v City of New York , 161 AD3d 668 , 668 [1st Dept 2018]; see also Penal Law § 120.14[1]; People v Espada , 94 AD3d 451, 452 [1st Dept 2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 1025 [2012]). 2021The showing of probable cause to arrest is a complete defense to an unlawful arrest and imprisonment claim ( see Veloz v City of New York , 161 AD3d 668 , 668 [1st Dept 2018]; see also Penal Law § 120.14[1]; People v Espada , 94 AD3d 451, 452 [1st Dept 2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 1025 [2012]). | 2 | 2 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.