interested adult rule (Pennsylvania) · Go Syfert
← Pennsylvania issues

interested adult rule in Pennsylvania

6 Pennsylvania opinions name it 2 courts 1980–1987 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Pennsylvania courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (7)

CaseFollowedCited
Commonwealth v. McCutchengreen
pa · 1975 · cited in 5 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1980–1987
2 sentences

1987See Commonwealth v. Geschwendt, supra. Finally, the interested adult rule, as articulated in Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975), requires that an accused under 18 years of age may not effectively waive his constitutional rights against self incrimination and the right to counsel without an opportunity to consult with an attorney or an adult, interested in the welfare of the juvenile suspect.

1987See Commonwealth v. Geschwendt, supra. Finally, the interested adult rule, as articulated in Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975), requires that an accused under 18 years of age may not effectively waive his constitutional rights against self incrimination and the right to counsel without an opportunity to consult with an attorney or an adult, interested in the welfare of the juvenile suspect.

15
Pennsylvania v. McCutchengreen
scotus · 1976 · cited in 4 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1980–1987
2 sentences

1987Finally, the interested adult rule, as articulated in Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975), requires that *21 an accused under 18 years of age may not effectively waive his constitutional rights against self incrimination and the right to counsel without an opportunity to consult with an attorney or an adult, interested in the welfare of the juvenile suspect.

1987See Commonwealth v. Geschwendt, supra. Finally, the interested adult rule, as articulated in Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975), requires that an accused under 18 years of age may not effectively waive his constitutional rights against self incrimination and the right to counsel without an opportunity to consult with an attorney or an adult, interested in the welfare of the juvenile suspect.

14
Bombard v. Washingtongreen
scotus · 1976 · cited in 4 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1980–1987
2 sentences

1987Finally, the interested adult rule, as articulated in Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975), requires that *21 an accused under 18 years of age may not effectively waive his constitutional rights against self incrimination and the right to counsel without an opportunity to consult with an attorney or an adult, interested in the welfare of the juvenile suspect.

1987See Commonwealth v. Geschwendt, supra. Finally, the interested adult rule, as articulated in Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975), requires that an accused under 18 years of age may not effectively waive his constitutional rights against self incrimination and the right to counsel without an opportunity to consult with an attorney or an adult, interested in the welfare of the juvenile suspect.

14
Commonwealth v. Barnesgreen
pa · 1978 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1980–1985
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

12
Commonwealth v. Geschwendtgreen
pa · 1982 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
1 sentence

1987See Commonwealth v. Geschwendt, supra. Finally, the interested adult rule, as articulated in Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975), requires that an accused under 18 years of age may not effectively waive his constitutional rights against self incrimination and the right to counsel without an opportunity to consult with an attorney or an adult, interested in the welfare of the juvenile suspect.

11
Commonwealth v. Carrgreen
pa · 1984 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
2 sentences

1987Commonwealth v. Carr, 320 Superior Ct. 1, 7-8, 466 A.2d 1030, 1033-34 (1983) (Opinion by Cirillo, J., now P.J.).

1987Commonwealth v. Carr, 320 Superior Ct. 1, 7-8, 466 A.2d 1030, 1033-34 (1983) (Opinion by Cirillo, J., now P.J.).

11
In Re Estate of Breyergreen
pa · 1977 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
1 sentence

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Pennsylvania. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (24)

CaseCitedYears
Commonwealth v. Roane green
pa · 1974
2 sentences

1984The interested adult rule was established by our Supreme Court’s decisions in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974); Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); and Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 (1975).

1984The interested adult rule was established by our Supreme Court’s decisions in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974); Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); and Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 (1975).

31980–1984
Commonwealth v. Starkes green
pa · 1975
2 sentences

1984The interested adult rule was established by our Supreme Court’s decisions in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974); Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); and Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 (1975).

1984The interested adult rule was established by our Supreme Court’s decisions in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974); Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); and Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 (1975).

31980–1984
Commonwealth v. Chaney green
pa · 1975
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

21980–1985
Johnson v. New Jersey green
scotus · 1966
2 sentences

1985While the U.S. Supreme Court and Pennsylvania Supreme Court have not ruled on the precise issue of retroactivity presented for our consideration in this case, in Johnson v. New Jersey, 384 U.S. 719 , 86 S.Ct. 1772 , 16 L.Ed.2d 882 (1966) it held that the Escobedo and Miranda 4 decisions were to be applied prospectively only.

1985While the U.S. Supreme Court and Pennsylvania Supreme Court have not ruled on the precise issue of retroactivity presented for our consideration in this case, in Johnson v. New Jersey, 384 U.S. 719 , 86 S.Ct. 1772 , 16 L.Ed.2d 882 (1966) it held that the Escobedo and Miranda 4 decisions were to be applied prospectively only.

11985–1985
Commonwealth v. Henderson green
pa · 1981
2 sentences

1984The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has recently reinforced the holding of McCutchen and subsequent cases regarding the "interested adult rule.” In Commonwealth v. Henderson, 496 Pa. 349, 437 A.2d 387 (1981), the Court held that the United States Supreme Court interpretation of the federal constitution could not disturb the force of the Commonwealth’s interested adult rule which, as a matter of Pennsyl vania law, effects that police, seeking to subject juvenile suspects to custodial interrogation, are first required to provide the juvenile with the opportunity to consult with an adult interested in

1984The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has recently reinforced the holding of McCutchen and subsequent cases regarding the "interested adult rule.” In Commonwealth v. Henderson, 496 Pa. 349, 437 A.2d 387 (1981), the Court held that the United States Supreme Court interpretation of the federal constitution could not disturb the force of the Commonwealth’s interested adult rule which, as a matter of Pennsyl vania law, effects that police, seeking to subject juvenile suspects to custodial interrogation, are first required to provide the juvenile with the opportunity to consult with an adult interested in

11984–1984
Commonwealth v. Wade green
pa · 1979
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Smith green
pa · 1977
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Hackett green
pa · 1979
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Smith green
pa · 1976
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Riggs green
pa · 1975
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Markle green
pa · 1977
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Thomas green
pa · 1979
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Hailey green
pa · 1977
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Lee green
pa · 1977
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Walker green
pa · 1978
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. McCloud green
pa · 1978
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Graver green
pa · 1977
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Gaskins green
pa · 1977
11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Stanton green
pa · 1976
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
In Re SEB green
texapp · 1974
1 sentence

1980B., 514 S.W.2d 948 (Tex.Civ.App.1974), follow the interested adult rule.

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Lawson green
pa · 1978
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Webster green
pa · 1975
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Crenshaw neutral
pa · 1977
1 sentence

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980
Commonwealth v. Jamison green
pa · 1977
2 sentences

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

1980Appellant John Veltre was deprived of an opportunity to consult with an interested adult in violation of the clear rule of this Court established in Commonwealth v. Roane, 459 Pa. 389 , 329 A.2d 286 (1974), and consistently followed in Commonwealth v. Starkes, 461 Pa. 178 , 335 A.2d 698 (1975); Commonwealth v. McCutchen, 463 Pa. 90 , 343 A.2d 669 , cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1147 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1975); Commonwealth v. Smith, 465 Pa. 310 , 350 A.2d 410 (1976); Commonwealth v. Chaney, 465 Pa. 407 , 350 A.2d 829 (1975); Commonwealth v. Riggs, 465 Pa. 208 , 348 A.2d 429 (1975); Common

11980–1980

Where else courts name it

MA 8 (1989–2021) PA 6 (1980–1987) MD 2 (1987–2010) AL 2 (1991–1991)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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