Already have an account? Sign in instead.
You stay signed in for 30 days on this browser.
Continue with Google Continue with MicrosoftNo account yet? Create a free one.
We sent a six-digit code.
It expires in ten minutes, works once, and only in this browser. Five wrong tries void it. Send another code.
Your account is live and the Cloudflare checks are off for this browser.
5 Florida opinions name it 2 courts 2006–2025 4 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Florida courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Gilliam v. Stategreen2 sentences2025See Dillbeck v. State, 357 So. 3d 94 , 104-05 (Fla. 2023) (explaining that “the Court has consistently rejected as ‘without merit’ challenges that the HAC aggravator is ‘overbroad, vague, and fail[s] to narrow the class of persons eligible for the death penalty’ ” (quoting Card v. State, 803 So. 2d 613, 628 (Fla. 2001)); Cruz, 320 So. 3d at 731 (“declin[ing] to revisit” precedent “rejecting as meritless the argument that the jury instruction on HAC is unconstitutionally vague” (citing Gilliam v. State, 582 So. 2d 610, 612 (Fla. 1991))). - 38 - Finally, we have consistently rejected Fletcher’s 2025See Dillbeck v. State, 357 So. 3d 94 , 104-05 (Fla. 2023) (explaining that “the Court has consistently rejected as ‘without merit’ challenges that the HAC aggravator is ‘overbroad, vague, and fail[s] to narrow the class of persons eligible for the death penalty’ ” (quoting Card v. State, 803 So. 2d 613, 628 (Fla. 2001)); Cruz, 320 So. 3d at 731 (“declin[ing] to revisit” precedent “rejecting as meritless the argument that the jury instruction on HAC is unconstitutionally vague” (citing Gilliam v. State, 582 So. 2d 610, 612 (Fla. 1991))). - 38 - Finally, we have consistently rejected Fletcher’s | 4 | 4 |
Card v. Stategreen2 sentences2025See Dillbeck v. State, 357 So. 3d 94 , 104-05 (Fla. 2023) (explaining that “the Court has consistently rejected as ‘without merit’ challenges that the HAC aggravator is ‘overbroad, vague, and fail[s] to narrow the class of persons eligible for the death penalty’ ” (quoting Card v. State, 803 So. 2d 613, 628 (Fla. 2001)); Cruz, 320 So. 3d at 731 (“declin[ing] to revisit” precedent “rejecting as meritless the argument that the jury instruction on HAC is unconstitutionally vague” (citing Gilliam v. State, 582 So. 2d 610, 612 (Fla. 1991))). - 38 - Finally, we have consistently rejected Fletcher’s 2025See Dillbeck v. State, 357 So. 3d 94 , 104-05 (Fla. 2023) (explaining that “the Court has consistently rejected as ‘without merit’ challenges that the HAC aggravator is ‘overbroad, vague, and fail[s] to narrow the class of persons eligible for the death penalty’ ” (quoting Card v. State, 803 So. 2d 613, 628 (Fla. 2001)); Cruz, 320 So. 3d at 731 (“declin[ing] to revisit” precedent “rejecting as meritless the argument that the jury instruction on HAC is unconstitutionally vague” (citing Gilliam v. State, 582 So. 2d 610, 612 (Fla. 1991))). - 38 - Finally, we have consistently rejected Fletcher’s | 3 | 3 |
Victorino v. Stategreen1 sentence2023Moreover, the Court has consistently rejected as “without merit” challenges that the HAC aggravator is “overbroad, vague, and fail[s] to narrow the class of persons eligible for the death penalty.” Card v. State, 803 So. 2d 613, 628 (Fla. 2001); see also Cruz v. State, 320 So. 3d 695 , 731 (Fla. 2021) (“declin[ing] to revisit” precedent “rejecting as meritless the argument that the jury instruction on HAC is unconstitutionally vague”) (citing Gilliam v. - 24 - State, 582 So. 2d 610, 612 (Fla. 1991)); Colley v. State, 310 So. 3d 2 , 16 (Fla. 2020) (“declin[ing] to revisit” precedent rejecting t | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Florida. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Knight v. State
green
1 sentence2021Therefore, we find this testimony relevant.”); Knight v. State, 923 So. 2d 387 , - 72 - 411 (Fla. 2005) (rejecting claims that the prior violent felony aggravating factor is unconstitutionally vague and overbroad); Gilliam, 582 So. 2d at 612 (rejecting as meritless the argument that the jury instruction on HAC is unconstitutionally vague). | 1 | 2021–2021 |
State v. Miles
green
1 sentence2006He appealed those convictions in this court raising several issues, including an argument that the jury instruction on presumption of impairment was invalid under State v. Miles, 775 So.2d 950 (Fla.2000), and that, even though appellant had not objected to the instruction at trial, the erroneous instruction was fundamental error. | 1 | 2006–2006 |
Leveritt v. State
green
1 sentence2006This court affirmed the DUI manslaughter conviction, vacated the vehicular homicide conviction, and certified a question of great public importance to the Florida Supreme Court as to whether it is fundamental error in a DUI trial to give a jury instruction which is erroneous under Miles. 1 Leveritt v. State, 817 So.2d 891 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002) (Leveritt I). | 1 | 2006–2006 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.