4 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 33 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Jones v. United States.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jones v. United States Anchor | green | “active employment for commercial purposes, and not merely a passive, passing, or past connection to commerce.” | 13 |
| 2 | Jones v. United States | green | “is most sensibly read to mean active employment for commercial purposes, and not merely a passive, passing, or past connection to commerce.” | 9 |
| 3 | Russell v. United States | green | “the local rental of an apartment unit is merely an element of a much broader commercial market in rental properties.” | 6 |
| 4 | Russell v. United States | green | “the legislative history suggests that congress at least intended to protect all business property, as well as some additional property that might not fit that description, but perhaps not every private home.” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.