7 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 37 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Fortson v. Dorsey.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fortson v. Dorsey Anchor | green | “to minimize or cancel out the voting strength of racial or political elements of the voting population.” | 9 |
| 2 | Whitcomb v. Chavis | green | “conceived or operated as purposeful devices to further racial or economic discrimination.” | 7 |
| 3 | Fortson v. Dorsey | green | “designedly or otherwise, a multi-member constituency apportionment scheme, under the circumstances of a particular case, would operate to minimize or cancel out the voting strength of racial or political elements of the voting population.” | 6 |
| 4 | Fortson v. Dorsey | green | “operate to minimize or cancel out the voting strength of racial or political elements of the voting population.” | 4 |
| 5 | White v. Regester | green | “had less opportunity than did other residents in the district to participate in the political processes and to elect legislators of their choice.” | 4 |
| 6 | East Carroll Parish School Board v. Marshall | green | “but without approval of the constitutional views expressed by the court of appeals.” | 4 |
| 7 | East Carroll Parish School Board v. Marshall | green | “without approval of the constitutional views expressed by the court of appeals.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.