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Florida Statute 120.81 - Full Text and Legal Analysis
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The 2025 Florida Statutes

Title X
PUBLIC OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AND RECORDS
Chapter 120
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE ACT
View Entire Chapter
120.81 Exceptions and special requirements; general areas.
(1) EDUCATIONAL UNITS.
(a) Notwithstanding s. 120.536(1) and the flush left provisions of s. 120.52(8), district school boards may adopt rules to implement their general powers under s. 1001.41.
(b) The preparation or modification of curricula by an educational unit is not a rule as defined by this chapter.
(c) Notwithstanding s. 120.52(16), any tests, test scoring criteria, or testing procedures relating to student assessment which are developed or administered by the Department of Education pursuant to s. 1003.4282, s. 1008.22, or s. 1008.25, or any other statewide educational tests required by law, are not rules.
(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, educational units shall not be required to include the full text of the rule or rule amendment in notices relating to rules and need not publish these or other notices in the Florida Administrative Register, but notice shall be made:
1. By publication in a newspaper qualified under chapter 50 in the affected area or on a publicly accessible website as provided in s. 50.0311;
2. By mail to all persons who have made requests of the educational unit for advance notice of its proceedings and to organizations representing persons affected by the proposed rule; and
3. By posting in appropriate places so that those particular classes of persons to whom the intended action is directed may be duly notified.
(e) Educational units, other than the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind, shall not be required to make filings with the committee of the documents required to be filed by s. 120.54 or s. 120.55(1)(a)4.
(f) Notwithstanding s. 120.57(1)(a), hearings which involve student disciplinary suspensions or expulsions may be conducted by educational units.
(g) Sections 120.569 and 120.57 do not apply to any proceeding in which the substantial interests of a student are determined by a state university or a community college.
(h) Notwithstanding ss. 120.569 and 120.57, in a hearing involving a student disciplinary suspension or expulsion conducted by an educational unit, the 14-day notice of hearing requirement may be waived by the agency head or the hearing officer without the consent of parties.
(i) For purposes of s. 120.68, a district school board whose decision is reviewed under the provisions of s. 1012.33 and whose final action is modified by a superior administrative decision shall be a party entitled to judicial review of the final action.
(j) Notwithstanding s. 120.525(2), the agenda for a special meeting of a district school board under authority of s. 1001.372(1) shall be prepared upon the calling of the meeting, but not less than 48 hours prior to the meeting.
(k) Students are not persons subject to regulation for the purposes of petitioning for a variance or waiver to rules of educational units under s. 120.542.
(l) Sections 120.54(3)(b) and 120.541 do not apply to the adoption of rules pursuant to s. 1012.22, s. 1012.27, s. 1012.335, s. 1012.34, or s. 1012.795.
(2) LOCAL UNITS OF GOVERNMENT.
(a) Local units of government with jurisdiction in only one county or part thereof shall not be required to make filings with the committee of the documents required to be filed by s. 120.54.
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, units of government with jurisdiction in only one county or part thereof need not publish required notices in the Florida Administrative Register, but shall publish these notices in the manner required by their enabling acts for notice of rulemaking or notice of meeting. Notices relating to rules are not required to include the full text of the rule or rule amendment.
(3) PRISONERS AND PAROLEES.
(a) Notwithstanding s. 120.52(13), prisoners, as defined by s. 944.02, shall not be considered parties in any proceedings other than those under s. 120.54(3)(c) or (7), and may not seek judicial review under s. 120.68 of any other agency action. Prisoners are not eligible to seek an administrative determination of an agency statement under s. 120.56(4). Parolees shall not be considered parties for purposes of agency action or judicial review when the proceedings relate to the rescission or revocation of parole.
(b) Notwithstanding s. 120.54(3)(c), prisoners, as defined by s. 944.02, may be limited by the Department of Corrections to an opportunity to present evidence and argument on issues under consideration by submission of written statements concerning intended action on any department rule.
(c) Notwithstanding ss. 120.569 and 120.57, in a preliminary hearing for revocation of parole, no less than 7 days’ notice of hearing shall be given.
(4) REGULATION OF PROFESSIONS.Notwithstanding s. 120.569(2)(g), in a proceeding against a licensed professional or in a proceeding for licensure of an applicant for professional licensure which involves allegations of sexual misconduct:
(a) The testimony of the victim of the sexual misconduct need not be corroborated.
(b) Specific instances of prior consensual sexual activity between the victim of the sexual misconduct and any person other than the offender is inadmissible, unless:
1. It is first established to the administrative law judge in a proceeding in camera that the victim of the sexual misconduct is mistaken as to the identity of the perpetrator of the sexual misconduct; or
2. If consent by the victim of the sexual misconduct is at issue and it is first established to the administrative law judge in a proceeding in camera that such evidence tends to establish a pattern of conduct or behavior on the part of such victim which is so similar to the conduct or behavior in the case that it is relevant to the issue of consent.
(c) Reputation evidence relating to the prior sexual conduct of a victim of sexual misconduct is inadmissible.
(5) HUNTING AND FISHING REGULATION.Agency action which has the effect of altering established hunting or fishing seasons, or altering established annual harvest limits for saltwater fishing if the procedure for altering such harvest limits is set out by rule of the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, is not a rule as defined by this chapter, provided such action is adequately noticed in the area affected through publishing in a newspaper of general circulation or through notice by broadcasting by electronic media.
(6) RISK IMPACT STATEMENT.The Department of Environmental Protection shall prepare a risk impact statement for any rule that is proposed for approval by the Environmental Regulation Commission and that establishes or changes standards or criteria based on impacts to or effects upon human health. The Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services shall prepare a risk impact statement for any rule that is proposed for adoption that establishes standards or criteria based on impacts to or effects upon human health.
(a) This subsection does not apply to rules adopted pursuant to federally delegated or mandated programs where such rules are identical or substantially identical to the federal regulations or laws being adopted or implemented by the Department of Environmental Protection or Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, as applicable. However, the Department of Environmental Protection and the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services shall identify any risk analysis information available to them from the Federal Government that has formed the basis of such a rule.
(b) This subsection does not apply to emergency rules adopted pursuant to this chapter.
(c) The Department of Environmental Protection and the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services shall prepare and publish notice of the availability of a clear and concise risk impact statement for all applicable rules. The risk impact statement must explain the risk to the public health addressed by the rule and shall identify and summarize the source of the scientific information used in evaluating that risk.
(d) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to create a new cause of action or basis for challenging a rule nor diminish any existing cause of action or basis for challenging a rule.
History.s. 42, ch. 96-159; s. 17, ch. 97-176; s. 49, ch. 99-2; s. 65, ch. 99-245; s. 7, ch. 99-379; s. 28, ch. 99-398; s. 4, ch. 2000-214; s. 897, ch. 2002-387; s. 17, ch. 2008-104; s. 4, ch. 2010-78; s. 9, ch. 2011-225; s. 13, ch. 2013-14; s. 37, ch. 2013-35; s. 21, ch. 2014-17; s. 3, ch. 2014-39; s. 24, ch. 2014-184; s. 10, ch. 2021-17; s. 12, ch. 2022-103.

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Amendments to 120.81


Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases Citing Statute 120.81

Total Results: 21  |  Sort by: Relevance  |  Newest First

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Sheley v. Florida Parole Com'n, 703 So. 2d 1202 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997).

Cited 50 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 1997 Fla. App. LEXIS 14477, 1997 WL 795306

...n of the Administrative Procedure Act exempts inmate orders from review by appeal. Final agency action is ordinarily subject to review by appeal to the appropriate district court of appeal under the provisions of section 120.68(2), Florida Statutes. Section 120.81(3)(a), Florida Statutes, creates the following exception to the rule: "prisoners, as defined by s....
...nistrative decision to suspend the inmate's presumptive parole release date. Certiorari denied. MINER, ALLEN, WEBSTER, MICKLE and LAWRENCE, JJ., concur. NOTES [1] The reference in the text is to the 1996 revision of the Administrative Procedure Act. § 120.81(3)(a) Fla.Stat....
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Tedder v. Florida Parole Com'n, 842 So. 2d 1022 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003).

Cited 30 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2003 Fla. App. LEXIS 5638, 2003 WL 1905627

...presented at the revocation hearing to support the Parole Commission's decision to revoke Tedder's conditional release. II. "Although the Florida Parole Commission is an administrative agency, a special provision of the Administrative Procedure Act [§ 120.81(3)(a), Fla....
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Richardson v. Florida Parole Com'n, 924 So. 2d 908 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006).

Cited 9 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2006 Fla. App. LEXIS 4187, 31 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. D 865

...1st DCA 1997) (criminal division en banc ), approved, 720 So.2d 216 (Fla.1998). Whereas section 120.68(2), Florida Statutes (2003), provides that final agency action usually is subject to review by appeal to the appropriate district court of appeal, section 120.81(3)(a), Florida Statutes (2003), sets forth an exception to this general rule for "prisoners, as defined by s....
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Mabrey v. Florida Parole Com'n, 858 So. 2d 1176 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003).

Cited 7 times | Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal | 2003 Fla. App. LEXIS 16961, 2003 WL 22515355

...w by appeal to the appropriate district court of appeal under the provisions of section 120.68(2), Florida Statutes (2002). See Sheley v. Fla. Parole Comm'n, 703 So.2d 1202, 1205 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997), approved, 720 So.2d 216 (Fla.1998). Nevertheless, section 120.81(3)(a) precludes parolees from seeking review by appeal of orders of the Parole Commission that rescind or revoke parole....
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Gopman v. Dep't of Educ., 908 So. 2d 1118 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005).

Cited 6 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...The appeals committee ruled that he was not entitled to a hearing under the Administrative Procedure Act (while acknowledging its own inability to hear testimony under oath). In denying a section 120.57 hearing, neither the committee nor DOE relied on section 120.81(1)(g), Florida Statutes (2003). By its own terms, section 120.81(1)(g) is inapposite because it applies to "substantial interests of a student ......
...On remand, DOE should refer this matter to the Division of Administrative Hearings unless the Florida Board of Education (or a member of the Board) decides to hear the case, see § 120.57(1)(a), Fla. Stat. (2004) ("Except as provided in ss. 120.80 and 120.81, an administrative law judge assigned by the division shall conduct all hearings under this subsection, except for hearings before agency heads or a member thereof."), given the disputes of material fact that have been alleged....
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Morfit v. Univ. of South Florida, 794 So. 2d 655 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001).

Cited 4 times | Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal | 2001 Fla. App. LEXIS 8828, 2001 WL 716859

...The finality of an agency action depends on whether it has brought the administrative adjudicative process to a close. Hill v. Div. of Ret., 687 So.2d 1376 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997). There is no question here that the letter from Dean Henry was final agency action under that standard. Pursuant to section 120.81(1)(g), Florida Statutes (2000), educational units follow a different procedure than other agencies....
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Quigley v. Florida Dept. of Corr., 745 So. 2d 1029 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999).

Cited 3 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 1999 Fla. App. LEXIS 13722, 1999 WL 924400

...For some seven years, see Ch. 92-166, § 9, at 1678, Laws of Fla. (codified at § 120.52(12), Fla. Stat. (Supp.1992)), prisoners have been forbidden to maintain challenges to administrative rules under section 120.56 and predecessor provisions. See § 120.81(3)(a), Fla....
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Collins v. Hendrickson, 371 F. Supp. 2d 1326 (M.D. Fla. 2005).

Cited 3 times | Published | District Court, M.D. Florida | 2005 WL 1220660

...Florida Parole Comm., 703 So.2d 1202, 1205 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997) (criminal division en banc), approved 720 So.2d 216 (Fla.1998) (finding that "[a]lthough the Florida Parole Commission is an administrative agency, a special provision of the Administrative Procedure Act [§ 120.81(3)(a), Fla....
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Vaughn v. Florida Dep't of Corr., 754 So. 2d 752 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000).

Cited 2 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2000 Fla. App. LEXIS 1979, 2000 WL 228079

...nistrative Code Rule 33-22.012, section 9-4, prohibiting the offense of "attempted conspiracy." [1] Vaughn contends that the enactment of section 9-4 was unconstitutional and an invalid exercise of delegated legislative authority. We affirm, because section 120.81(3), Florida Statutes (1999), provides that an inmate has no standing to challenge a rule on these grounds under chapter 120....
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Matar v. Florida Intern. Univ., 944 So. 2d 1153 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006).

Cited 2 times | Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal | 2006 Fla. App. LEXIS 20782, 2006 WL 3615114

..."In any proceeding in which the substantial interests of a student are determined by the state university system or a community college district, sections 120.569 and 120.57 (the general due process provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act) do not apply." Id.; § 120.81(1)(g), Fla....
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Survivors Charter v. Sch. Bd. of Palm Beach, 968 So. 2d 39 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007).

Cited 1 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2007 Fla. App. LEXIS 10702, 32 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. D 1670

...Florida Statutes section 120.63 permits exemptions from the APA upon application of an agency under certain circumstances, but there is no indication that the School Board was so exempt (and the charters did not include an express APA exemption). Additionally, Florida Statutes section 120.81(1) provides APA exceptions for educational units, but none of these address the charter school termination process....
...be protected by section 1002.33 where it specifically addresses the charter termination process. Furthermore, the School Board charter termination process is not expressly exempted from the APA under section 120.63, subject to an APA exception under section 120.81, or otherwise exempted by the charters in question....
...county, a reasonable number of times daily during the 48 hours immediately preceding the date of such meeting, or by posting notice at the courthouse door if no newspaper is published in the county, at least 2 days prior to the meeting." The APA, in section 120.81(1)(j) provides an APA exception for the agendas of school board meetings, which "shall be prepared upon the calling of the meeting, but not less than 48 hours prior to the meeting." The rest of the relevant statutes are found in section 1002.33....
...The second question central to this appeal can be resolved by analyzing the interaction between chapters 120, 1001, and 1002. Chapters 120 and 1001 are easily reconcilable. Although section 120.525 requires seven days' notice of agency meetings and the preparation of the meeting *45 agenda at the same time, section 120.81(1)(j) clearly provides an APA exception for school board meetings indicating that the agenda must be prepared upon the calling of the meeting which may not be less than 48 hours prior to the meeting....
...However, although the School Board may have properly noticed its special meeting under these provisions, an agency meeting is clearly separate in the APA from a hearing necessitated by an agency determining the substantial interests of a party, as the latter is found in section 120.569 while the former is found in section 120.81....
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Daniels v. Crosby, 444 F. Supp. 2d 1220 (N.D. Fla. 2006).

Cited 1 times | Published | District Court, N.D. Florida | 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 57005, 2006 WL 2302784

...[5] Necessarily, therefore, Defendants did not need to provide procedural due process with respect to the denial of these things. Plaintiff also makes the argument that he is precluded by Florida law from challenging an administrative rule because he is a prisoner, citing FLA. STAT. § 120.81(3)....
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Paul Y. by & Through Kathy Y. v. Singletary, 979 F. Supp. 1422 (S.D. Fla. 1997).

Published | District Court, S.D. Florida | 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 22215, 1997 WL 716075

...6. On November 18, 1996, Paul's attorney requested a due process hearing with the Division of Administrative Hearings because of this failure to provide educational services. A Final Order was entered denying this request, on the basis of Fla. Stat. § 120.81(3)(a)....
...Statutory Requirements Turning first to the central question, that is, the denial of the due process hearing, the Defendant has, in effect, conceded that Paul is now entitled to same. Defendant suggests that the original denial was proper, arguing that Fla. Stat. § 120.81(3) prohibited Paul from requested administrative relief from the Department of Administrative Hearings....
...However, Defendant acknowledges that since that time new legislation has been passed in *1426 Florida which, at least in part, changes the law. Defendant points this Court to Fla Stat. § 944.801(4), which was passed subsequent to the denial of Paul's request for a due process hearing. That section states: Notwithstanding s. 120.81(3), all inmates under 22 years of age who qualify for special educational services and programs pursuant to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, [citation omitted] and who request a due process hearing as provided by that act shall be entitled to such hearing before the Division of Administrative Hearings....
...§ 300.345(c)), and going so far as to require documented records of attempts to have the parents in attendance at said meetings (34 C.F.R. § 300.345(d)). It is axiomatic that where Federal law conflicts with State law, Federal law controls. U.S. Const. art. VI. Clearly, Fla. Stat. § 120.81(3), which was previously followed, conflicted with applicable Federal law....
...NOTES [1] The parties in this case have consented to this Court resolving this dispositive motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c). [2] That section, in pertinent part, does not allow "prisoners" to seek administrative determination or any other review of agency activity. See Fla. Stat. § 120.81(3)(a)....
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Walsh v. Chiles, 717 So. 2d 140 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998).

Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal | 1998 Fla. App. LEXIS 11517, 1998 WL 598039

PER CURIAM. DISMISSED. See § 120.81(3)(a) Fla. Stat., (1996). ERVIN, BOOTH and VAN NORTWICK, JJ., concur
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Ago (Fla. Att'y Gen. 1996).

Published | Florida Attorney General Reports

denial of a request made under s. 120.54(7)." 17 Section 120.81(5), Fla. Stat. (1996).
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Tungate v. Florida Dep't of Corr., 742 So. 2d 803 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 1998 Fla. App. LEXIS 6146, 1998 WL 282765

...ntained in the law libraries located in the Department’s correctional facilities. See Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343 , 116 S.Ct. 2174 , 135 L.Ed.2d 606 (1996). The Department argues that appellant lacks the standing to challenge the rule pursuant to section 120.81(3)(a), Florida Statutes (Supp.1996). We agree. Section *804 120.81(3)(a) is a statutory bar to appellant, as a prisoner, seeking judicial review of the administrative action in the instant case. See Endress v. Florida Dep’t of Corrections, 612 So.2d 645 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993). Accordingly, the instant appeal is dismissed. See § 120.81(3)(a), Fla....
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Mora v. Florida Dep't of Corr., 851 So. 2d 193 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2003 Fla. App. LEXIS 8937, 2003 WL 21395500

...Upon consideration of the appellant’s motion for rehearing, rehearing en banc, and motion to declare the issue of extreme importance, which the Court treats as a response to its order of April 9, 2003, the Court has determined that it lacks jurisdiction to review the decision of the Department of Corrections. See § 120.81(3)(a), Fla....
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Gopman v. Dep't of Educ., 908 So. 2d 1118 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2005 Fla. App. LEXIS 11567

...The appeals committee ruled that he was not entitled to a hearing under the Administrative Procedure Act (while acknowledging its own inability to hear testimony under oath). In denying a section 120.57hearing, neither the committee nor DOE relied on section 120.81(l)(g), Florida Statutes (2003). By its own terms, section 120.81(l)(g) is inapposite because it applies to “substantial interests of a student ......
...On remand, DOE should refer this matter to the Division of Administrative Hearings unless the Florida Board of Education (or a member of the Board) decides to hear the case, see § 120.57(l)(a), Fla. Stat. (2004) (“Except as provided in ss. 120.80 and 120.81, an administrative law judge assigned by the division shall conduct all hearings under this subsection, except for hearings before agency heads or a member thereof.”), given the disputes of material fact that have been alleged....
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Lowery v. Broward Sheriff's Off., 748 So. 2d 1107 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2000 Fla. App. LEXIS 795, 2000 WL 94031

PER CURIAM. DISMISSED. § 120.81(3)(a), Fla....
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Ago (Fla. Att'y Gen. 2002).

Published | Florida Attorney General Reports

generally, may be included on the agenda." 3 Section 120.81(1)(j), Fla. Stat. And see, Rule 28-102.003
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Prater v. McDonough, 947 So. 2d 537 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2006 Fla. App. LEXIS 21472, 2006 WL 3751504

PER CURIAM. We reverse and remand the denial of Prater’s petition for writ of mandamus. Contrary to the trial court’s order, prisoners may petition to initiate rulemaking under the Administrative Procedure Act. See § 120.81(3), Fla....

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