The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XI
COUNTY ORGANIZATION AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS

Chapter 138
COUNTY SEATS

View Entire Chapter

CHAPTER 138

COUNTY SEATS

138.01 Petition to change county seat.

138.02 Commissioners to order election.

138.03 Conduct and return of election.

138.04 Names of towns, etc., for county seat to be filed with clerk.

138.05 Form of ballot.

138.06 Canvass and result of election; contests.

138.07 Second election when no place receives majority vote.

138.08 The two places receiving highest vote to be placed on ballot in second election.

138.09 Canvass of votes of second election; establishing county seat.

138.11 Unlawful use of money in election to change county seat.

138.12 Commissioners may expand county seat.

138.01 Petition to change county seat.—The qualified electors in any county in this state wishing to change their county seat, shall present to the board of county commissioners of such county a petition signed by one-third of the qualified electors, who are taxpayers on real or personal property, praying for a change of the location of such county seat.

History.—s. 1, ch. 1890, 1872; RS 622; GS 831; s. 1, ch. 6239, 1911; RGS 1578; CGL 2426.

138.02 Commissioners to order election.—The county commissioners of any county in this state, upon receiving such petition as is specified in s. 138.01 shall order an election to be held at the several precincts of such county for the location of such county seat, giving not less than 30 days’ notice thereof, and no person shall be allowed to vote in such elections except those qualified to vote under the general election laws of Florida.

History.—s. 2, ch. 1890, 1872; RS 623; GS 832; s. 2, ch. 6239, 1911; RGS 1579; CGL 2427.

138.03 Conduct and return of election.—All elections held under the provisions of this chapter shall be conducted in the manner prescribed by law for holding general elections in this state, except as herein provided, and the returns of all such elections shall be made to the county commissioners or the clerk thereof.

History.—s. 3, ch. 1890, 1872; RS 624; GS 833; s. 3, ch. 6239, 1911; RGS 1580; CGL 2428.

138.04 Names of towns, etc., for county seat to be filed with clerk.—Names of all towns, villages or cities, put forward as candidates for the county seat of any county in this state under the provisions of this chapter shall be filed with the clerk of the circuit court of such county not later than 15 days before the date set for holding said election.

History.—s. 4, ch. 6239, 1911; RGS 1581; CGL 2429.

138.05 Form of ballot.—The clerk of the circuit court of any county in this state, when the names of the towns, villages, and cities required in s. 138.04 have been furnished him or her, shall have printed, at the expense of the county, a suitable ballot to be used in the election, the ballot to contain, in alphabetical order, the names of all such towns, villages, and cities, and no other places shall be printed on the ballots.

History.—s. 5, ch. 6239, 1911; RGS 1582; CGL 2430; s. 843, ch. 95-147; s. 30, ch. 2001-40.

138.06 Canvass and result of election; contests.—The county commissioners shall, not later than 5 days after the aforesaid election is held, publicly canvass the same, and the place receiving a majority of all the votes cast shall be the county seat for the next 10 years. The result declared upon such canvass may be contested by five or more taxpayers, qualified electors who voted in such election for a candidate place other than the place declared elected, by proceeding in chancery for an injunction against the removal by the county commissioners of the county records and county offices to the place declared elected, or by mandamus to compel the removal of the county offices and records to the place alleged in such proceedings to have been elected; and the court in which any such proceeding shall be properly instituted, may inquire into the legality of such election, the qualification of electors voting therein, and render judgment or decree in favor of the place duly elected by the qualified electors, and may make such interlocutory orders or decrees, and issue such process as shall be necessary to the protection of its jurisdiction, or may be incidental to the principal relief sought; provided, that such action shall be brought within 3 years from the time of such election.

History.—ch. 3301, 1881; RS 625; GS 834; s. 6, ch. 6239, 1911; s. 10, ch. 7838, 1919; RGS 1583; CGL 2431.

138.07 Second election when no place receives majority vote.—Should three or more places be put forward and voted for as the county seat of any county in this state, and the county commissioners of such county find that upon the canvass of the said election, as provided for in s. 138.06, that any of such places have received a majority of all the votes cast at said election, the place receiving such a majority shall be declared the county seat as aforesaid, but should the county commissioners find that no place has received a majority of all the votes cast in said election, they shall proceed at once without a petition to call a second election to be held within 30 days of the first election, and in the same manner and places as prescribed for the first election.

History.—s. 7, ch. 6239, 1911; RGS 1584; CGL 2432.

138.08 The two places receiving highest vote to be placed on ballot in second election.—Should the second election, as provided for in s. 138.07, be necessary to select the place as county seat of any county in this state, the clerk of the circuit court shall prepare the ballot as aforesaid, dropping the names or name of all places voted for in the first election except the two places receiving the highest vote in the same, and no other places shall be voted for nor shall the vote of any other place or places be counted or considered by the county commissioners in canvassing the result of such election.

History.—s. 8, ch. 6239, 1911; RGS 1585; CGL 2433.

138.09 Canvass of votes of second election; establishing county seat.—The county commissioners shall, within 5 days after the election provided for in s. 138.07 is held, meet and publicly canvass the same; and the place receiving the majority of all the votes cast shall be the county seat for the next 10 years. The county commissioners shall erect a courthouse as soon as possible and provide suitable offices for all the county officers who are required by law to keep their offices at the courthouse at the place so selected as the county seat.

History.—s. 9, ch. 6239, 1911; RGS 1586; CGL 2434; s. 1, ch. 82-43.

138.11 Unlawful use of money in election to change county seat.—Any person using money, goods or chattels in any election to change the county seat of any county, to secure votes or influence for any place as the county seat of any county in this state, shall be guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

History.—s. 10, ch. 6239, 1911; s. 1, ch. 6480, 1913; RGS 5904; CGL 8168; s. 80, ch. 71-136.

138.12 Commissioners may expand county seat.—The board of county commissioners of any county may expand the geographical area of the county seat of its county beyond the corporate limits of the municipality named as the county seat by adopting a resolution to that effect at any regular or special meeting of the board. Such a resolution may be adopted only after the board has held not less than two public hearings on the proposal at intervals of not less than 10 or more than 20 days and after notice of the proposal and such meetings has been published in a newspaper of general circulation in the county. However, nothing herein shall be deemed to extend the boundaries of the municipality in which the county seat was previously located or annex to such municipality the territory added to the county seat.

History.—s. 1, ch. 73-320.

F.S. 138 on Google Scholar

F.S. 138 on Casetext

Amendments to 138

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 138

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S138.11 - ELECTION LAWS - UNLAWFUL USE OF MONEY TO CHANGE CTY SEAT - F: T

S501.138 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - FAIL TO GIVE NOTICE OF RATINGS MOVIE PREVIEW - M: S

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

LITTLE, v. RECLAIM IDAHO,, 140 S. Ct. 2616 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ---- - ----, and n. 17, 138 S.Ct. 2305, 2323-2324, and n. 17, 201 L.Ed.2d 714 (2018). . . . S. ----, ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct. 1942, 1944-1945, 201 L.Ed.2d 398 (2018) (per curiam ). . . .

CALVARY CHAPEL DAYTON VALLEY v. SISOLAK,, 140 S. Ct. 2603 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 1719, 1731, 201 L.Ed.2d 35 (2018) (quoting Church of Lukumi , 508 U.S. at 534 . . . S., at ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1729-31. . . .

P. BARR, v. PURKEY, 140 S. Ct. 2594 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 2567, 201 L.Ed.2d 1104 (2018) (opinion dissenting from denial of certiorari); McGehee . . .

J. TRUMP, v. MAZARS USA, LLP, J. v. AG,, 140 S. Ct. 2019 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 2206, 2219, 2220, 201 L.Ed.2d 507(2018). . . .

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 2412 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 1461, 200 L.Ed.2d 854 (2018), but it gave the Federal Government powers that were deemed . . .

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 2026, 201 L.Ed.2d 277 (2018). . . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 2026, 201 L.Ed.2d 27 (2018). . . .

LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR SAINTS PETER AND PAUL HOME, v. PENNSYLVANIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 2367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . § 138. . . . S. ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 1833, 1845-1846, 201 L.Ed.2d 141 (2018). . . . S. ----, ----, n. 13, 138 S.Ct. 2392, 2446 n. 13, 201 L.Ed.2d 775 (2018) (SOTOMAYOR, J., dissenting) . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct. 1461, 1487, 200 L.Ed.2d 854 (2018) (THOMAS, J., concurring). . . . S., at ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1481-1484. . . . Jackson , 390 U.S. 570, 586, 88 S.Ct. 1209, 20 L.Ed.2d 138 (1968). . . . Wileman Brothers & Elliott, Inc. , 521 U.S. 457, 469-470, 477, 117 S.Ct. 2130, 138 L.Ed.2d 585 (1997) . . . S. ----, ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct. 1461, 1485-1487, 200 L.Ed.2d 854 (2018), and Seila Law LLC v. . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . App. to Pet. for Cert. 152; see id. , at 138, 167. . . . Felton , 521 U.S. 203, 235, 117 S.Ct. 1997, 138 L.Ed.2d 391 (1997). . . . Colorado Civil Rights Comm'n , 584 U.S. ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 1719, 1747-1748, 201 L.Ed.2d 35 (2018) . . .

UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, v. BOOKING. COM B. V., 140 S. Ct. 2298 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hargis Industries, Inc. , 575 U.S. 138, 142, 135 S.Ct. 1293, 191 L.Ed.2d 222 (2015) ). . . .

AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, v. ALLIANCE FOR OPEN SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2082 (U.S. 2020)

. . . C. , 467 U.S. 138, 158, 104 S.Ct. 2267, 81 L.Ed.2d 113 (1984) ; United States v. . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . S. ----, ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct. 2448, 201 L.Ed.2d 924 (2018) (slip op., at 33-47). . . . Armstrong , 520 U.S. 968, 973, 117 S.Ct. 1865, 138 L.Ed.2d 162 (1997) (per curiam ); Akron v. . . . Windsor , 521 U.S. 591, 625, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689 (1997). . . . S. ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 2448, 201 L.Ed.2d 924 (2018) (slip op., at 43); United States v. . . . S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at (slip op., at 44) ; South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc ., 585 U. . . . Field Packing Co. , 290 U.S. 177, 179, 54 S.Ct. 138, 78 L.Ed. 252 (1933) (per curiam ). . . . Felton , 521 U.S. 203, 215, 117 S.Ct. 1997, 138 L.Ed.2d 391 (1997) (internal quotation marks omitted) . . . Armstrong , 520 U.S. 968, 969-970, 117 S.Ct. 1865, 138 L.Ed.2d 162 (1997) (per curiam ); Casey , 505 . . . S. ----, ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct. 2448, 201 L.Ed.2d 924 (2018) (slip op., at 34-35). . . . S. ----, ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 960, 200 L.Ed.2d 218 (2018) (slip op., at 6, 9). . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1486 (THOMAS, J., concurring). . . . S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1486 (THOMAS, J., concurring). That was the end of the matter. . . . S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1487 (concurring opinion). . . . Id. , at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1486. . . . S., at --- - ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1486-1488 (THOMAS, J., concurring). . . . and well understood construction of the Constitution," Ex parte Hennen , 13 Pet. 230, 259, 10 L.Ed. 138 . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 1945, 1953, 201 L.Ed.2d 342 (2018). . . . Rev. 383 (2007); Martin, Reforming Asylum Adjudication: On Navigating the Coast of Bohemia, 138 U. . . . . ----, ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 830, 836-837, 842, 200 L.Ed.2d 122 (2018). . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 2392, 2425, 201 L.Ed.2d 775 (2018) (THOMAS, J., concurring). . . . S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 2426 (THOMAS, J., concurring). . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct. 830, 841, 200 L.Ed.2d 122 (2018) (plurality opinion); id. , at ----, 138 . . . Pitts , 411 U.S. 138, 143, 93 S.Ct. 1241, 36 L.Ed.2d 106 (1973) (per curiam ). . . . Hawaii , 585 U.S. ----, ----, n. 3, 138 S.Ct. 2392, 2438, n.3, 201 L.Ed.2d 775 (2018) (SOTOMAYOR, J., . . . Iancu , 584 U.S. ----, ----, n., 138 S.Ct. 1348, 1358, n., 200 L.Ed.2d 695 (2018). . . . Pitts , 411 U.S. 138, 142-143, 93 S.Ct. 1241, 36 L.Ed.2d 106 (1973) (per curiam ); Citizens to Preserve . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 1719, 1727, 201 L.Ed.2d 35 (2018). . . . Rodriguez , 583 U.S. ----, ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct. 830, 840, 200 L.Ed.2d 122 (2018) (plurality opinion . . . United States , 585 U.S. ----, ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct. 2067, 2070-2071, 201 L.Ed.2d 490 (2018) (similar . . . Wisconsin Central , 585 U.S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 2071 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . Pizza Hut of America, Inc. , 99 F.3d 138, 143 (CA4 1996) ; Blum v. . . . Order No. 10980, 3 CFR 138 (1961 Supp.) (emphasis added). . . . Pizza Hut of Am., Inc. , 99 F.3d 138, 143 (CA4 1996) ; Hamm v. . . . Georgia Regional Hospital , 850 F.3d 1248, 1255 (CA11), cert. denied, 583 U.S. ----, 138 S.Ct. 557, 199 . . .

UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE, v. COWPASTURE RIVER PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION LLC, v., 140 S. Ct. 1837 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 1612, 1617, 200 L.Ed.2d 889 (2018) (quoting Whitman v. . . .

ROGERS, v. GREWAL,, 140 S. Ct. 1865 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 945, 950-951, 200 L.Ed.2d 293 (2018) (opinion dissenting from denial of certiorari . . .

J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Byrd , 521 U.S. 811, 820, n. 3, 117 S.Ct. 2312, 138 L.Ed.2d 849 (1997). . . . TVA , 306 U.S. 118, 137-138, 59 S.Ct. 366, 83 L.Ed. 543 (1939). In Heckler v. Mathews , 465 U. . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 2044, 201 L.Ed.2d 464 (2018). . . . SEC , 585 U.S. ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 2044, 2056, 201 L.Ed.2d 464 (2018) (THOMAS, J., concurring) (citing . . . the term "officer" referred to "anyone who performed a continuous public duty." 585 U.S., at ----, 138 . . . Lucia , 585 U.S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 2057 (THOMAS, J., concurring). . . .

NASRALLAH, v. P. BARR,, 140 S. Ct. 1683 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 830, 853, 200 L.Ed.2d 122 (2018) (opinion concurring in part and concurring in . . .

BANISTER, v. DAVIS,, 140 S. Ct. 1698 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Gramley , 520 U.S. 899, 908-909, 117 S.Ct. 1793, 138 L.Ed.2d 97 (1997). . . . Neighborhood Housing Servs. of Chicago , 583 U.S. ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 13, 16-17, 199 L.Ed.2d 249 (2017 . . .

JARCHOW, v. STATE BAR OF WISCONSIN,, 140 S. Ct. 1720 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 2448, 201 L.Ed.2d 924 (2018). . . . Id. , at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 2460. . . . S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 2486. Our decision to overrule Abood casts significant doubt on Keller . . . .

UNITED STATES, v. SINENENG- SMITH, 140 S. Ct. 1575 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 830, 200 L.Ed.2d 122 (2018). . . . Berryhill , 584 U.S. ----, 138 S.Ct. 2042, --- L.Ed.2d ---- (2018) ; Lucia v. . . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 923, 199 L.Ed.2d 620 (2018) ; Beckles v. . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct. 1386, 1402-1403, 200 L.Ed.2d 612 (2018) ; id ., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at . . . See also Jesner , 584 U.S., at ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1402-1403 ; Kiobel v. . . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 883, 893, 200 L.Ed.2d 183 (2018) (statutory interpretation "begins with the text . . . Byrd , 521 U.S. 811, 815, 117 S.Ct. 2312, 138 L.Ed.2d 849 (1997) (treating legal obligations of the Government . . . Somers , 583 U.S. ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 767, 777, 200 L.Ed.2d 15 (2018) (quoting Loughrin v. . . .

GEORGIA, v. PUBLIC. RESOURCE. ORG, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1498 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Miller , 91 F. 129, 130-131, 137-138 (CA6 1898) (Harlan, J., Circuit Justice, joined by then-Circuit . . . Zinke , 583 U.S. ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 897, 905, 200 L.Ed.2d 92 (2018) (plurality opinion) ("[T]he legislative . . . See 1 Stat. 124; 2 Stat. 171; ch. 16, 4 Stat. 436; 11 Stat. 138-139; 13 Stat. 540; 16 Stat. 212. . . .

NEW YORK STATE RIFLE PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK,, 140 S. Ct. 1525 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Himelein , 221 App.Div.2d 138, 144-145, 644 N.Y.S.2d 934, 940 (1996). . . .

BARTON, v. P. BARR,, 140 S. Ct. 1442 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 2067, 2073, 201 L.Ed.2d 490 (2018) ; Marx v. . . .

COUNTY OF MAUI, HAWAII, v. HAWAII WILDLIFE FUND,, 140 S. Ct. 1462 (U.S. 2020)

. . . App. to Pet. for Cert. 138, 143. . . .

ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, v. A. CHRISTIAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 1061, 1070, 200 L.Ed.2d 332 (2018). . . . Id. , at 500-501, 358 P.3d at 137-138. . . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 2067, 2074, 201 L.Ed.2d 490 (2018). . . .

THRYV, INC. v. CLICK- TO- CALL TECHNOLOGIES, LP,, 140 S. Ct. 1367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 1348, 200 L.Ed.2d 695 (2018). . . . Id. , at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1353. . . . Id. , at ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1358-1360. . . . Id. , at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1359. . . . Id. , at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1359. . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 2448, 201 L.Ed.2d 924 (2018) ; id ., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 2499 (KAGAN, J., dissenting . . . S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 2478. . . . S. ----, 138 S.Ct. 1765, 201 L.Ed.2d 72 (2018). . . . Janus , supra , at ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct., at 2448-2499. . . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 392, 199 L.Ed.2d 290 (2017) ; Jackson v. . . . Felton , 521 U.S. 203, 235, 117 S.Ct. 1997, 138 L.Ed.2d 391 (1997). Payne v. . . .

HALPRIN v. DAVIS,, 140 S. Ct. 1200 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Gramley , 520 U.S. 899, 904-905, 117 S.Ct. 1793, 138 L.Ed.2d 97 (1997) (citation omitted). . . .

K. KAHLER, v. KANSAS, 140 S. Ct. 1021 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Cegelis , 138 N.H. 249, 255, 638 A.2d 783, 786 (1994). . . .

DAVIS v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 1060 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, 138 S.Ct. 1897, 201 L.Ed.2d 376 (2018) ; United States v. . . .

GUERRERO- LASPRILLA, v. P. BARR, v. P., 140 S. Ct. 1062 (U.S. 2020)

. . . S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 967. . . . S. ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 960, 966, 200 L.Ed.2d 218 (2018) (quoting Pullman-Standard v. . . . See, e.g., Village at Lakeridge , supra , 583 U.S., at ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct., at 967-968. . . . S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 968, is a "question of law" according to the majority. . . . S. ----, ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct. 897, 906-908, 200 L.Ed.2d 92 (2018). . . .

L. ALLEN, v. A. COOPER, III,, 140 S. Ct. 994 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Flores , 521 U.S. 507, 519, 117 S.Ct. 2157, 138 L.Ed.2d 624 (1997). . . .

KANSAS, v. GARCIA v. v., 140 S. Ct. 791 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 1461, 1480, 200 L.Ed.2d 854 (2018). . . .

GUEDES, v. BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND EXPLOSIVES,, 140 S. Ct. 789 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 1612, 1630, 200 L.Ed.2d 889 (2018). . . . executive branch officials 'directly accountable to the people,' " Epic Systems , 584 U.S., at ----, 138 . . .

SHULAR, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 779 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 524 U.S. 125, 138-139, 118 S.Ct. 1911, 141 L.Ed.2d 111 (1998) ). . . . .' " Ocasio , 578 U.S., at ----, n. 8, 136 S.Ct., at 1434, n. 8 ) (quoting Muscarello , 524 U.S. at 138 . . . Id ., at 138, 118 S.Ct. 1911. . . . United States , 524 U.S. 125, 138, 118 S.Ct. 1911, 141 L.Ed.2d 111 (1998) ; Caron v. . . . United States , 508 U.S. 223, 239, 113 S.Ct. 2050, 124 L.Ed.2d 138 (1993) ; Gozlon-Peretz v. . . .

MONASKY, v. TAGLIERI, 140 S. Ct. 719 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ---- - ----, 138 S.Ct. 960, 967, 200 L.Ed.2d 218 (2018). . . . Id. , at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 967. . . .

C. HERNANDEZ, v. MESA, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 735 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Jesner , 584 U.S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1408. . . . Jesner , 584 U.S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1403. . . . Jesner , 584 U.S., at ----, 138 S.Ct., at 1403 (opinion of Kennedy, J.). . . . legislative guidance before exercising innovative authority over substantive law.' " Id., at ----, 138 . . . Reservations, Declarations, and Understandings, ICCPR, 138 Cong. Rec. 8071 (1992). See also 1676 U. . . .

L. BALDWIN, Et Ux. v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 690 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 2080, 2100, 201 L.Ed.2d 403 (2018) (THOMAS, J., concurring) (quoting McGrath . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. NEW YORK,, 140 S. Ct. 599 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 2392, 2428-2429, 201 L.Ed.2d 775 (2018) (THOMAS, J., concurring); Bray, Multiple . . . S., at --- - ----, 138 S.Ct., at 2428-2429 (THOMAS, J., concurring). . . .

C. ROTKISKE, v. KLEMM,, 140 S. Ct. 355 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Smith Corp. , 521 U.S. 179, 192, 117 S.Ct. 1984, 138 L.Ed.2d 373 (1997). . . .

R. ISOM v. ARKANSAS, 140 S. Ct. 342 (U.S. 2019)

. . . In re Murchison , 349 U.S. 133, 138, 75 S.Ct. 623, 99 L.Ed. 942 (1955). . . .

FIRST STATE COMMUNITY ACTION AGENCY, v. N. ROBINSON., 140 S. Ct. 464 (U.S. 2019)

. . . No. 19-138 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

ELHADY, v. H. KABLE,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 562 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Statement of Material Facts ¶¶ 24, 28-29, 32-33, 138. . . . Homar , 520 U.S. 924, 930, 117 S.Ct. 1807, 138 L.Ed.2d 120 (1997) ("[O]n many occasions, [ ] where a . . .

RUDLEY, M. D. B. v. LITTLE ROCK POLICE DEPARTMENT In In, 935 F.3d 651 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. . . .

BIODELIVERY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL, INC. v. AQUESTIVE THERAPEUTICS, INC. RX, LLC,, 935 F.3d 1362 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1348, 200 L.Ed.2d 695 (2018). . . . Id. at 5 (citing SAS , 138 S. Ct. at 1356 ). . . . Id. at 10 (quoting SAS , 138 S. Ct. at 1355 ). . . . SAS , 138 S. Ct. at 1359-60. . . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1348, 200 L.Ed.2d 695 (2018). . . . SAS , 138 S. Ct. at 1359-60. BioDelivery is entitled to such decision. . . .

ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 935 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 931, 200 L.Ed.2d 204 (2018). . . .

UNITED STATES v. TAYLOR, v., 935 F.3d 1279 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1440, 200 L.Ed.2d 721 (2018). . . . Workman , 863 F.3d 1313, 1321 n.5 (10th Cir. 2017) (listing cases), cert. denied , --- U.S. ----, 138 . . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1440, 200 L.Ed.2d 721 (2018) ; United States v. . . . Workman , 863 F.3d 1313, 1319 (10th Cir. 2017), cert. denied , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BAPTISTE,, 935 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 674, 199 L.Ed.2d 559 (2018). . . .

UNITED STATES v. LILLARD,, 935 F.3d 827 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. . . .

L. SMITH, v. SHARP,, 935 F.3d 1064 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Oklahoma, 521 U.S. 1124, 117 S.Ct. 2522, 138 L.Ed.2d 1023 (1997). . . . Sellers, --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

UNITED STATES v. TOWN OF COLORADO CITY,, 935 F.3d 804 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1612, 1631, 200 L.Ed.2d 889 (2018). . . . No. 102-242, pt. 1, at 137, 138 (1991). . . . Id. at 138-39. . . .

HUEBNER, v. BRADSHAW,, 935 F.3d 1183 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. . . . City of Riviera Beach , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. Ct. 1945, 201 L.Ed.2d 342 (2018). . . .

BELLITTO, v. SNIPES,, 935 F.3d 1192 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. . . . Philip Randolph Inst., --- U.S. ----, 138 S. Ct. 1833, 201 L.Ed.2d 141 (2018). . . .

RAY, v. COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, v. As, 935 F.3d 703 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 138, 142 (D.D.C. 2014) ( Weil I ). . . .

SELECT SPECIALTY HOSPITAL- DENVER, INC. v. M. AZAR II, U. S., 391 F. Supp. 3d 53 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Pitts, 411 U.S. 138, 142, 93 S.Ct. 1241, 36 L.Ed.2d 106 (1973) )). III. . . .

PEREZ- SANCHEZ, v. U. S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,, 935 F.3d 1148 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . AXXX-XX9-138 Before MARTIN, ROSENBAUM, and BOGGS, Circuit Judges. Honorable Danny J. . . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 2105, 201 L.Ed.2d 433 (2018). . . . Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 ("IIRIRA") defining a Notice to Appear ("NTA"). 138 . . . definitional terms, at least with respect to the time and place at which the proceedings will be held." 138 . . . Pereira, 138 S. Ct. at 2116. . . .

R. PESCI, v. BUDZ, LLC, LLC,, 935 F.3d 1159 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hendricks , 521 U.S. 346, 369, 117 S.Ct. 2072, 138 L.Ed.2d 501 (1997) (upholding the constitutionality . . .

BOWLES, v. SECRETARY, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,, 935 F.3d 1176 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Thaler, 565 U.S. 134, 138, 154, 132 S.Ct. 641, 181 L.Ed.2d 619 (2012) ; Pace v. . . .

ARTHREX, INC. v. SMITH NEPHEW, INC., 935 F.3d 1319 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1348, 200 L.Ed.2d 695 (2018). . . . Greene's Energy Grp., LLC , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

NICHOLSON J. H. a J. N. G. a v. CITY OF LOS ANGELES a a, 935 F.3d 685 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1148, 1152, 200 L.Ed.2d 449 (2018) (per curiam). . . . Kisela , 138 S. Ct. at 1152. . . . Hughes is instructive. 138 S. Ct. at 1151. . . . See Kisela , 138 S. Ct. at 1153. . . . See Kisela , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. Ct. 1148, 200 L.Ed.2d 449. . . .

F. DORMAN, a a v. CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION Co. W. III R. R. C., 934 F.3d 1107 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1612, 1621, 200 L.Ed.2d 889 (2018), further precludes arbitration. . . .

SEMPLE, a a k a a v. GRISWOLD, Be USA A., 934 F.3d 1134 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1916, 1935, 201 L.Ed.2d 313 (2018) (Kagan, J., concurring) (quotations omitted). . . .

J. GENZER, v. JAMES RIVER INSURANCE COMPANY,, 934 F.3d 1156 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ill. 1994) (same), aff'd , 39 F.3d 138 (7th Cir. 1994). . . .

UNITED STATES v. HAWKINS, a. k. a. D III, a. k. a., 934 F.3d 1251 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1897, 1904, 201 L.Ed.2d 376 (2018) (quoting Molina-Martinez v. . . . Rosales-Mireles , 138 S. Ct. at 1909 (quoting Puckett , 556 U.S. at 142, 129 S.Ct. 1423 ). . . . 1339 (11th Cir. 2019) (Tjoflat, J., dissenting) (alteration in original) (quoting Rosales-Mireles , 138 . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. HOPPER,, 934 F.3d 740 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1897, 1911, 201 L.Ed.2d 376 (2018). . . . Rosales-Mireles , 138 S. Ct. at 1904. . . . Rosales-Mireles , 138 S. Ct. at 1908. . . .

SCRIMO, v. LEE,, 935 F.3d 103 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1188, 1192, 200 L.Ed.2d 530 (2018) (emphasis added). . . .

SECRETARY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR v. BRISTOL EXCAVATING, INC., 935 F.3d 122 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. . . . Encino Motorcars , 138 S. Ct. at 1142. . . .

STONE, v. TROY CONSTRUCTION, LLC, 935 F.3d 141 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Greenspan , 923 F.3d 138, 157-58 (3d Cir. 2019) ("[W]e are careful not to read our precedents to gainsay . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. . . . Wesby , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. Ct. 577, 199 L.Ed.2d 453 (2018) (reversing the D.C. . . . Wesby, --- U.S. ----, 138 S. Ct. 577, 591 n. 8, 199 L.Ed.2d 453 (2018) ; Carroll v. . . . Compare Wesby, 138 S. . . . Zadeh , 902 F.3d at 499 & n.10 (Willett, J., concurring dubitante) (quoting Kisela , 138 S. . . . Circuit's denial of qualified immunity without addressing the preliminary Fourth Amendment violation. 138 . . . Hughes , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. Ct. 1148, 1162, 200 L.Ed.2d 449 (2018) (per curiam). Doe v. . . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1148, 1151, 200 L.Ed.2d 449 (2018) (per curiam). Id . ; id . at 1154. . . . Wesby , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. Ct. 577, 589, 199 L.Ed.2d 453 (2018) (quoting Malley v. . . . Hughes , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. Ct. 1148, 1153, 200 L.Ed.2d 449 (2018) (per curiam); Mullenix v. . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Indiana , 191 U.S. 138, 149, 24 S.Ct. 51, 48 L.Ed. 125 (1903). . . . Byrd , 521 U.S. 811, 821, 117 S.Ct. 2312, 138 L.Ed.2d 849 (1997) (applying the personal interest requirement . . .

NORTH PENSION FUND v. NUTRITION MANAGEMENT SERVICES COMPANY,, 935 F.3d 93 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Nomura Holding Am., Inc., 873 F.3d 85, 138 n.54 (2d Cir. 2017). . . . Reese , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

BOWLES, v. DESANTIS,, 934 F.3d 1230 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1080, 1092, 200 L.Ed.2d 376 (2018) (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 3599(a) ). . . . E.g., Ayestas, 138 S. . . .

BENTLEY, v. AUTOZONERS, LLC, LLC,, 935 F.3d 76 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Bd. of Educ. of the City of N.Y. , 287 F.3d 138, 148 (2d Cir. 2002). . . .

UNITED STATES v. CANO,, 934 F.3d 1002 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kolsuz , 890 F.3d at 138-39. Kolsuz was arrested and his cell phone seized. Id. at 139. . . . Baker , 875 F.3d 444, 460 (9th Cir. 2017), cert. denied , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

ANZA TECHNOLOGY, INC. v. MUSHKIN, INC., 934 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Bounce, Inc. , 138 F. Supp. 2d 1174, 1179 (D. . . .

SENNE v. KANSAS CITY ROYALS BASEBALL CORP. LLC LLC LP St. LLC LLC LLC LLC L. P. L. P. LLC LLC L. P. AZPB L. P. P LLC LLC LP LLP LLC LLC,, 934 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Windsor , 521 U.S. 591, 623, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689 (1997) (emphasis added). . . .

BOXILL, v. P. O GRADY E. E. T., 935 F.3d 510 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Myers , 461 U.S. 138, 146, 103 S.Ct. 1684, 75 L.Ed.2d 708 (1983). . . . Rees , 138 F. Supp. 3d 860, 872 (E.D. . . .

UNITED STATES v. FELICIANOSOTO,, 934 F.3d 783 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1500, 200 L.Ed.2d 821 (2018). . . . insisted that he did not engage in the charged acts and adamantly objected to any admission of guilt." 138 . . . McCoy, 138 S. Ct. at 1509. . . . See McCoy, 138 S. . . .

UNITED STATES v. G. WAGUESPACK,, 935 F.3d 322 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 413, 199 L.Ed.2d 303 (2017). . . .

WAL- MART STORES, INCORPORATED L. L. C. s v. TEXAS ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE COMMISSION, 935 F.3d 362 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 2305, 2326, 201 L.Ed.2d 714 (2018). . . . Perez , 138 S. Ct. at 2324. . . . Perez , 138 S. Ct. at 2327. . . .

DEJORIA, v. MAGHREB PETROLEUM EXPLORATION, S. A., 935 F.3d 381 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Elf Aquitaine, Inc. , 138 F.3d 546, 549 (5th Cir. 1998) (noting that the "closeness of the question" . . .

ZEHENTBAUER FAMILY LAND, LP LP v. CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION, L. L. C. L. L. C. E P USA,, 935 F.3d 496 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Windsor , 521 U.S. 591, 615, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689 (1997) (citation and internal quotation . . .

UNITED STATES v. SCANZANI,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 210 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 577, 586, 199 L.Ed.2d 453 (2018) (quoting Kaley v. . . .

M. MURPHY v. A. A. ENGELHART, 933 F.3d 1027 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1148, 1153, 200 L.Ed.2d 449 (2018). . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Murphy , 521 U.S. 320, 322, 336, 117 S.Ct. 2059, 138 L.Ed.2d 481 (1997). . . .

IN RE MATTHEWS, In In In In III,, 934 F.3d 296 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1204, 1223, 200 L.Ed.2d 549 (2018). . . .

GOLDEN v. NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY v., 934 F.3d 302 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . State , 95 N.J. 487, 472 A.2d 138, 142 (1984) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. SIMS,, 933 F.3d 1009 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. . . . Stitt , 860 F.3d 854 (6th Cir. 2017) (en banc), cert. granted , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

UNITED STATES v. HERNANDEZ- MARTINEZ, v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v., 933 F.3d 1126 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. . . . See 138 S. Ct. at 1773 (emphasis added). . . . United States , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . . Koons , 138 S. Ct. at 1790. . . . See Freeman , 564 U.S. at 526, 131 S.Ct. 2685 ; Hughes , 138 S. Ct. at 1771. . . .

UNITED STATES v. NEJAD,, 933 F.3d 1162 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. . . .

J. MALOUF, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION,, 933 F.3d 1248 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 2044, 201 L.Ed.2d 464 (2018). . . . SEC , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. Ct. 2044, 201 L.Ed.2d 464 (2018). . . . See Bandimere , 844 F.3d at 1170 ; Lucia , 138 S. Ct. at 2049. . . . Lucia , 138 S. Ct. at 2052. . . . Servs. of Chicago , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

LATURNER, v. UNITED STATES,, 933 F.3d 1354 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 1461, 1476, 200 L.Ed.2d 854 (2018) (quoting U.S. Const. art. . . . obligations on aliens but also confer a federal right to be free from any other registration requirements." 138 . . . See Murphy , 138 S. Ct. at 1480. . . .

SMITH, OSF v. OSF HEALTHCARE SYSTEM,, 933 F.3d 859 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Shareholder Litigation , 762 F.3d 138, 145 (1st Cir. 2014) (premature for district court to consider . . .

HIGGS, v. UNITED STATES PARK POLICE,, 933 F.3d 897 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ----, 138 S. Ct. 2572, 201 L.Ed.2d 296 (2018). . . . United States , 138 F.3d 1075, 1078 (6th Cir. 1998) ; Missouri ex rel. Garstang v. . . .