Florida Statute 831.2 - Full Text and Legal Analysis

The 2024 Florida Statutes (including 2025 Special Session C)

Title XLVI
CRIMES

Chapter 831
FORGERY AND COUNTERFEITING

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F.S. 831.02

831.02 Uttering forged instruments.—Whoever utters and publishes as true a false, forged or altered record, deed, instrument or other writing mentioned in s. 831.01 knowing the same to be false, altered, forged or counterfeited, with intent to injure or defraud any person, shall be guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

History.—s. 2, ch. 1637, 1868; RS 2480; GS 3360; RGS 5208; CGL 7326; s. 2, ch. 59-31; s. 2, ch. 61-98; s. 960, ch. 71-136.

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F.S. 831.02 on CourtListener

Amendments to 831.02

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 831.02

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S831.02 - PASS COUNTERFEITED - INSTRUMENT - F: T

S831.02 - PASS FORGED - ALTERED INSTRUMENT - F: T

S831.02 - FRAUD - UTTER FALSE INSTRUMENT - F: T

Cases Citing Statute 831.02

Total Results: 79

Case v. Eslinger

555 F.3d 1317, 2009 U.S. App. LEXIS 2141, 2009 WL 196842

Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | Filed: Jan 29, 2009 | Docket: 399282

Cited 203 times | Published

passing a forged or altered instrument, Fla. Stat. § 831.02, larceny of more than $300 but less than $2000

EAR v. State

4 So. 3d 614, 2009 WL 217979

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Jan 30, 2009 | Docket: 1666810

Cited 55 times | Published

02(1)(b), (4)(b), Fla. Stat. (2005). [8] See § 831.02, Fla. Stat. (2006). [9] Section 985.03(18)(a)

Brown v. State

426 So. 2d 76

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Feb 8, 1983 | Docket: 510869

Cited 40 times | Published

known that the property had been stolen. [2] § 831.02, Fla. Stat. (1979). [3] § 812.014, Fla. Stat

E.A.R. v. State

4 So. 3d 614, 34 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 120, 2009 Fla. LEXIS 150

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Jan 30, 2009 | Docket: 60295083

Cited 34 times | Published

810.02(l)(b), (4)(b), Fla. Stat. (2005). . See § 831.02, Fla. Stat. (2006). . Section 985.03(18)(a)

Silvestri v. State

332 So. 2d 351

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 14, 1976 | Docket: 1691863

Cited 25 times | Published

knowing the same to be false ..." under F.S. § 831.02. Just as the crime of uttering a forged instrument

Silvestri v. State

332 So. 2d 351

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 14, 1976 | Docket: 1691863

Cited 25 times | Published

knowing the same to be false ..." under F.S. § 831.02. Just as the crime of uttering a forged instrument

Donovan v. State

572 So. 2d 522, 1990 WL 179049

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 21, 1990 | Docket: 479655

Cited 23 times | Published

Eleven counts of uttering a false instrument, section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1987): 5 years probation

Brown v. State

674 So. 2d 738, 1995 WL 552814

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 20, 1995 | Docket: 1661950

Cited 20 times | Published

(1981), and uttering a forgery, in violation of section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1981). He was also charged

King v. State

339 So. 2d 172

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Oct 7, 1976 | Docket: 1435913

Cited 13 times | Published

of uttering a forged instrument as defined by F.S. 831.02. He argued unsuccessfully in the court below

Hardy v. State

655 So. 2d 1245, 1995 WL 316330

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 26, 1995 | Docket: 1696882

Cited 12 times | Published

NOTES [1] § 831.01, Fla. Stat. (1993). [2] § 831.02, Fla. Stat. (1993). [3] Faretta v. California

King v. State

317 So. 2d 852

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 28, 1975 | Docket: 379176

Cited 12 times | Published

of uttering a forged instrument as defined by F.S. 831.02. He argued unsuccessfully in the court below

Clark v. State

114 So. 2d 197, 80 A.L.R. 2d 261

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 6, 1959 | Docket: 2519070

Cited 12 times | Published

is declared to be a crime in this state by Section 831.02, Florida Statutes, F.S.A., which reads as follows:

Dees v. State

357 So. 2d 491

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 20, 1978 | Docket: 2566942

Cited 11 times | Published

forged instrument, viz: a check, in violation of § 831.02, Florida Statutes (1975). Prior to closing, the

State v. Konegen

18 So. 3d 697, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 14502, 2009 WL 3108831

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 30, 2009 | Docket: 1640558

Cited 9 times | Published

DAMOORGIAN and GERBER, JJ., concur. NOTES [1] Section 831.02, Florida Statutes (2008), titled "Uttering

Glass v. State

556 So. 2d 465, 1990 WL 7623

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jan 31, 1990 | Docket: 542581

Cited 8 times | Published

uttering a forged instrument in violation of section 831.02, Florida Statutes, involving checks in the

Williams v. State

553 So. 2d 365, 1989 WL 147384

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 7, 1989 | Docket: 1258742

Cited 8 times | Published

(1987); uttering a false or forged instrument, section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1987). [2] See also Adams

State v. Book

523 So. 2d 636, 1988 WL 18576

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 3, 1988 | Docket: 472656

Cited 8 times | Published

the uttering of a false document. Pursuant to Section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1985), the elements of the

In Re Watkins'estate

75 So. 2d 194, 45 A.L.R. 2d 1360

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Oct 19, 1954 | Docket: 474865

Cited 8 times | Published

shall be guilty of the crime of forgery. And section 831.02 provides, in effect, that whoever utters and

State v. Jaramillo

951 So. 2d 97, 2007 WL 750528

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 14, 2007 | Docket: 1682595

Cited 7 times | Published

with intent to injure or defraud. . . ." See § 831.02, Fla. Stat. (2003).

King v. State

684 So. 2d 1388, 1996 WL 726850

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 19, 1996 | Docket: 1481914

Cited 7 times | Published

material issue in the case. Id. at 907. Pursuant to § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1993), the elements of the offense

Sheppard v. State

988 So. 2d 74, 2008 WL 2744496

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 16, 2008 | Docket: 1722138

Cited 6 times | Published

uttering a forged instrument a third-degree felony. § 831.02, Fla. Stat. (2001). An Assistant Public Defender

Mulder v. State

356 So. 2d 870

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 21, 1978 | Docket: 2568802

Cited 6 times | Published

instrument, a third degree felony proscribed by Section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1975). Upon revocation of

Brown v. State

639 So. 2d 634, 1994 WL 287819

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 1, 1994 | Docket: 1712726

Cited 5 times | Published

DAUKSCH and W. SHARP, JJ., concur. NOTES [1] § 831.02, Fla. Stat. (1991). [2] § 401.41(2), Fla. Stat

Linn v. State

921 So. 2d 830, 2006 WL 508115

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 3, 2006 | Docket: 1658378

Cited 4 times | Published

uttering a forged instrument, in contravention of section 831.02, Florida Statutes (2004). The State alleged

Bexley v. State

490 So. 2d 226

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jun 25, 1986 | Docket: 1489039

Cited 4 times | Published

uttering a forged instrument in violation of section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1983), and eight counts

Lowery v. State

402 So. 2d 1287

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 12, 1981 | Docket: 1691459

Cited 4 times | Published

of uttering a forged check in violation of section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1979). Lowery raises three

Oja v. State

292 So. 2d 71

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 27, 1974 | Docket: 154536

Cited 4 times | Published

uttering a forged check in violation of F.S., § 831.02 F.S.A. The only question presented by this appeal

Rapp v. State

274 So. 2d 18

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 8, 1973 | Docket: 1260405

Cited 4 times | Published

a forged instrument in violation of Fla. Stat. § 831.02 (1971), F.S.A., tried and convicted by a jury

Turcotte v. State

617 So. 2d 1164, 1993 WL 167701

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 21, 1993 | Docket: 1512550

Cited 3 times | Published

PETERSON and GRIFFIN, JJ., concur. NOTES [1] § 831.02, Fla. Stat. (1991). [2] Art. II, § 3, Fla. Const

Ginn v. State

26 So. 3d 706, 2010 Fla. App. LEXIS 985, 2010 WL 391815

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Feb 5, 2010 | Docket: 1638659

Cited 2 times | Published

State, 921 So.2d 830, 833 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006): Section 831.02 provides that the crime of uttering a forged

Billups v. State

690 So. 2d 1381, 1997 WL 162740

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 9, 1997 | Docket: 436873

Cited 2 times | Published

Blockburger, 284 U.S. at 304, 52 S.Ct. at 182. [2] Section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1993), provides: Whoever

Bogan v. State

502 So. 2d 1341

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Feb 25, 1987 | Docket: 1180644

Cited 2 times | Published

uttering a forged instrument in violation of section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1981). When the appellant

JNW v. State

361 So. 2d 826

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 17, 1978 | Docket: 2550757

Cited 2 times | Published

conviction for uttering a forged instrument, Section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1977). It is contended in

Drew Montgomery Walker v. U.S. Attorney General

783 F.3d 1226, 2015 U.S. App. LEXIS 6524

Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | Filed: Apr 21, 2015 | Docket: 2651032

Cited 1 times | Published

conviction for uttering a forged instrument, Fla. Stat. § 831.02, is categorically an aggravated felony offense

Sosa v. Hames

581 F. Supp. 2d 1254, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 83962, 2008 WL 4527826

District Court, S.D. Florida | Filed: Oct 7, 2008 | Docket: 2366688

Cited 1 times | Published

insurance, bill of lading...." Florida Statute Section 831.02 similarly makes it a felony to "utter[ ] and

Longval v. State

914 So. 2d 1098, 2005 WL 3180036

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 30, 2005 | Docket: 1781816

Cited 1 times | Published

there is no crime of attempted forgery under section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1975), because an "uttering

Bogush v. State

597 So. 2d 420, 1992 WL 81071

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 22, 1992 | Docket: 1350112

Cited 1 times | Published

uttering a forged instrument in violation of section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1989), and with petit theft

Isreal v. State

573 So. 2d 975, 1991 Fla. App. LEXIS 418, 1991 WL 6010

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jan 24, 1991 | Docket: 64656046

Cited 1 times | Published

uttering forged instruments in violation of section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1987). His recommended sentencing

Henderson v. State

572 So. 2d 972, 1990 WL 205869

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 18, 1990 | Docket: 479323

Cited 1 times | Published

with intent to injure or defraud any person... ." § 831.02, Fla. Stat. (1985). The crime is completed by

Russell v. State

458 So. 2d 422

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 9, 1984 | Docket: 1453000

Cited 1 times | Published

of uttering a forged instrument contrary to section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1983), four counts of grand

JOSE MIGUEL CEBEZ v. DANIEL JUNIOR, etc.

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 23, 2022 | Docket: 63180097

Published

of uttering a forged instrument pursuant to section 831.02, Florida Statutes (Count 2); one count of first

Alvarez Fuentes v. State

219 So. 3d 956, 2017 WL 2348629, 2017 Fla. App. LEXIS 7801

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 31, 2017 | Docket: 6067562

Published

a forged instrument on April 28, 2014. See section 831.02, Florida Statutes (2014). The affidavit also

Bruce v. State

687 So. 2d 1322, 1997 Fla. App. LEXIS 239, 1997 WL 24237

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jan 24, 1997 | Docket: 64771152

Published

PETERSON, C.J., and W. SHARP, J., concur. . § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1993). . § 800.04(3), Fla.Stat.

Lewis v. State

667 So. 2d 292, 1995 Fla. App. LEXIS 9642, 1995 WL 539046

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 13, 1995 | Docket: 64761940

Published

of uttering a forged instrument pursuant to section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1993), without also committing

Parker v. State

658 So. 2d 1105, 1995 Fla. App. LEXIS 7705, 1995 WL 421870

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 19, 1995 | Docket: 64758121

Published

case of uttering a forged instrument under Section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1991) against the defendant

Perry v. State

653 So. 2d 1114, 1995 Fla. App. LEXIS 4166, 1995 WL 232560

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 21, 1995 | Docket: 64755788

Published

Stat. (1989). . § 787.01, Fla.Stat. (1989). . § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1989). . In this record the scoresheet

Schuhart v. State

647 So. 2d 1049, 1994 Fla. App. LEXIS 12454, 1994 WL 708171

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 22, 1994 | Docket: 64753071

Published

AFFIRMED. GOSHORN and W. SHARP, JJ., concur. . § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1987). . § 831.01, Fla.Stat. (1987)

Davis v. State

634 So. 2d 287, 1994 Fla. App. LEXIS 3058, 1994 WL 106167

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 31, 1994 | Docket: 64747154

Published

uttering a forged instrument in violation of section 831.02, Florida Statutes; Case No. 89-126 for third-degree

Davis v. State

634 So. 2d 287, 1994 Fla. App. LEXIS 3058, 1994 WL 106167

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 31, 1994 | Docket: 64747154

Published

uttering a forged instrument in violation of section 831.02, Florida Statutes; Case No. 89-126 for third-degree

Brousseau v. State

590 So. 2d 997, 1991 Fla. App. LEXIS 12067, 1991 WL 254229

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 5, 1991 | Docket: 64663935

Published

493 (1967). . § 831.01,- Fla.Stat. (1989). . § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1989). . § 810.02(2), Fla.Stat.

Weaver v. State

587 So. 2d 654, 1991 Fla. App. LEXIS 10287, 1991 WL 206843

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 17, 1991 | Docket: 64662317

Published

§ 812.014(1) and (2)(c), Fla.Stat. (1989). . § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1989). . § 812.019(1), Fla.Stat

Dixon v. State

559 So. 2d 354, 1990 Fla. App. LEXIS 2323, 1990 WL 39896

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 4, 1990 | Docket: 64649512

Published

uttering a forged instrument in violation of Section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1985), and for dealing in

Kinman v. State

550 So. 2d 1190, 1989 WL 129799

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 2, 1989 | Docket: 2013761

Published

and HARRIS, Associate Judge, concur. NOTES [1] § 831.02, Fla. Stat. (1987) (uttering a false or forged

State v. Friedman

533 So. 2d 309, 13 Fla. L. Weekly 2451, 1988 Fla. App. LEXIS 4837, 1988 WL 117175

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 7, 1988 | Docket: 64638296

Published

private academic transcript, does not violate section 831.02, Florida Statutes, and we affirm the order

Harris v. State

525 So. 2d 449, 13 Fla. L. Weekly 1052, 1988 Fla. App. LEXIS 1739, 1988 WL 39143

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 27, 1988 | Docket: 64634883

Published

period of three years beginning January 31, 1984. § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1981). In November of that same year

Thomas v. State

513 So. 2d 163, 12 Fla. L. Weekly 2012, 1987 Fla. App. LEXIS 12128

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 14, 1987 | Docket: 64629763

Published

offense with which appellant was charged. See § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1983). We can find no reason why offenses

Bodine v. State

452 So. 2d 957, 1984 Fla. App. LEXIS 14060

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 19, 1984 | Docket: 64605875

Published

J., concur. . § 831.01, Fla.Stat. (1981). . § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1981). . § 790.23, Fla.Stat. (1983)

Davis v. State

438 So. 2d 973, 1983 Fla. App. LEXIS 22386

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 7, 1983 | Docket: 64600017

Published

uttering a forged instrument in violation of section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1981). At trial, the state

Bradford v. State

435 So. 2d 962, 1983 Fla. App. LEXIS 20012

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 5, 1983 | Docket: 64598853

Published

SMITH, Jr. and WENT-WORTH, JJ., concur. . Section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1981). . Because the record

State v. Love

415 So. 2d 113, 1982 Fla. App. LEXIS 20383

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jun 15, 1982 | Docket: 64590557

Published

was uttering a forged check, thus violating Section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1981), is a question of

Capo v. State

397 So. 2d 409, 1981 Fla. App. LEXIS 19316

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 22, 1981 | Docket: 64582144

Published

uttering a forged instrument in violation of section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1977). He pled guilty pursuant

State v. Smith

368 So. 2d 634, 1979 Fla. App. LEXIS 21167

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 14, 1979 | Docket: 64569079

Published

Helmig v. State, 330 So.2d 246 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976); § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1969). BOARDMAN, Acting C. J., and

Shabazz v. State

367 So. 2d 694, 1979 Fla. App. LEXIS 14099

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Feb 14, 1979 | Docket: 64568614

Published

instrument. That offense is a third degree felony, § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1975), punishable by a maximum prison

Jalbert v. State

366 So. 2d 1207, 1979 Fla. App. LEXIS 14330

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jan 23, 1979 | Docket: 64568329

Published

of uttering a forged instrument in violation of § 831.02, Fla.Stat. (1977), and knowingly obtaining money

J. N. W. v. State

361 So. 2d 826

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 17, 1978 | Docket: 64565715

Published

conviction for uttering a forged instrument, Section 831.-02, Florida Statutes (1977). It is contended in

Adams v. State

356 So. 2d 346, 1978 Fla. App. LEXIS 15479

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Feb 24, 1978 | Docket: 64563389

Published

return for a worthless check. Similarly, neither Section 831.02, Florida Statutes (1971), prohibiting the commission

State v. La Pointe

345 So. 2d 362, 1977 Fla. App. LEXIS 15807

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 19, 1977 | Docket: 64558346

Published

Football League and other persons, in violation of Section 831.02 Florida Statutes 1975. The 37th count charged

Lawrence v. State

330 So. 2d 160, 1976 Fla. App. LEXIS 14943

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 14, 1976 | Docket: 64553246

Published

charging uttering a forged instrument in violation of § 831.02, Florida Statutes. The evidence showed that appellant

Webster v. State

313 So. 2d 432, 1975 Fla. App. LEXIS 14823

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jun 6, 1975 | Docket: 64546746

Published

the conviction of uttering a forgery, Fla.Stat. § 831.02 (1973). The instrument, a check, was not forged

McClendon v. State

290 So. 2d 77, 1974 Fla. App. LEXIS 7967

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Feb 20, 1974 | Docket: 64537243

Published

uttering a forged instrument in violation of F.S. § 831.02 F.S.A., based upon a jury verdict. On appeal McClendon

Williams v. State

278 So. 2d 643, 1973 Fla. App. LEXIS 8082

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jun 6, 1973 | Docket: 64532629

Published

forged or counterfeit as aforesaid, contrary to F.S. 831.02. [F.S.A.].” Appellant admitted attempting to

Robinson v. State

266 So. 2d 693

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 14, 1972 | Docket: 64527639

Published

was convicted and sentenced for violation of F.S. 831.02, F.S.A., Laws of 1969, this outlining the offense

State v. McCurdy

257 So. 2d 92, 1972 Fla. App. LEXIS 7337

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jan 21, 1972 | Docket: 64524093

Published

defraud . . . shall be punished . . . ”, etc. F.S. § 831.02, F.S.A. provides inter alia that— “Whoever utters

Pate v. State

256 So. 2d 223, 1972 Fla. App. LEXIS 7428

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jan 6, 1972 | Docket: 64523749

Published

under Section 831.02, Florida Statutes, 1967, F.S.A. The material portion of said Section 831.02, F.S

Florida Bar v. Gold

203 So. 2d 324, 1967 Fla. LEXIS 3437

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Oct 4, 1967 | Docket: 64502667

Published

uttering a forged instrument as defined by F.S. 831.02, F.S.A., and making a false certificate of a

State v. Peterson

192 So. 2d 293, 1966 Fla. App. LEXIS 4615

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 30, 1966 | Docket: 64498769

Published

uttering a forged instrument (in violation of § 831.02 F.S.A.) in that she “with intent to injure and

Folk v. State

192 So. 2d 44, 1966 Fla. App. LEXIS 4585

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 22, 1966 | Docket: 64498688

Published

uttering a forged instrument. .(Fla.Stat.196S, § 831.02, F.S.A.) 1 appellant Liquari was convicted of

Maura v. State

181 So. 2d 231, 1965 Fla. App. LEXIS 3639

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 28, 1965 | Docket: 64495013

Published

uttering a forged instrument in violation of section 831.02 Florida Statutes, F.S.A. Judgment and sentence

Crawford v. Watkins

75 So. 2d 194, 45 A.L.R. 2d 1360, 1954 Fla. LEXIS 1781

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Oct 19, 1954 | Docket: 64486001

Published

shall be guilty of the crime of forgery. And section 831.02 provides, in effect, that whoever utters and