Indiana Code

Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8 (2026)

Consent to adoption not required; written denial of paternity precludes challenge to adoption

✓ current as of May 2026
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     Sec. 8. (a) Consent to adoption, which may be required under section 1 of this chapter, is not required from any of the following:

(1) A parent or parents if the child is adjudged to have been abandoned or deserted for at least six (6) months immediately preceding the date of the filing of the petition for adoption.

(2) A parent of a child in the custody of another person if for a period of at least one (1) year the parent:

(A) fails without justifiable cause to communicate significantly with the child when able to do so; or

(B) knowingly fails to provide for the care and support of the child when able to do so as required by law or judicial decree.

(3) The biological father of a child born out of wedlock whose paternity has not been established:

(A) by a court proceeding other than the adoption proceeding; or

(B) by executing a paternity affidavit under IC 16-37-2-2.1.

(4) The biological father of a child born out of wedlock who was conceived as a result of:

(A) a rape for which the father was convicted under IC 35-42-4-1;

(B) child molesting (IC 35-42-4-3);

(C) sexual misconduct with a minor (IC 35-42-4-9); or

(D) incest (IC 35-46-1-3).

(5) The putative father of a child born out of wedlock if the putative father's consent to adoption is irrevocably implied under section 15 of this chapter.

(6) The biological father of a child born out of wedlock if the:

(A) father's paternity is established after the filing of a petition for adoption in a court proceeding or by executing a paternity affidavit under IC 16-37-2-2.1; and

(B) father is required to but does not register with the putative father registry established by IC 31-19-5 within the period required by IC 31-19-5-12.

(7) A parent who has relinquished the parent's right to consent to adoption as provided in this chapter.

(8) A parent after the parent-child relationship has been terminated under IC 31-35 (or IC 31-6-5 before its repeal).

(9) A parent judicially declared incompetent or mentally defective if the court dispenses with the parent's consent to adoption.

(10) A legal guardian or lawful custodian of the person to be adopted who has failed to consent to the adoption for reasons found by the court not to be in the best interests of the child.

(11) A parent if:

(A) a petitioner for adoption proves by clear and convincing evidence that the parent is unfit to be a parent; and

(B) the best interests of the child sought to be adopted would be served if the court dispensed with the parent's consent.

(12) A child's biological father who denies paternity of the child before or after the birth of the child if the denial of paternity:

(A) is in writing;

(B) is signed by the child's father in the presence of a notary public; and

(C) contains an acknowledgment that:

(i) the denial of paternity is irrevocable; and

(ii) the child's father will not receive notice of adoption proceedings.

A child's father who denies paternity of the child under this subdivision may not challenge or contest the child's adoption.

(13) A deceased person.

     (b) If a parent has made only token efforts to support or to communicate with the child the court may declare the child abandoned by the parent.

[Pre-1997 Recodification Citation: 31-3-1-6(k).]

As added by P.L.1-1997, SEC.11. Amended by P.L.197-1997, SEC.18; P.L.61-2003, SEC.11; P.L.130-2005, SEC.5; P.L.113-2017, SEC.5; P.L.142-2020, SEC.35; P.L.89-2023, SEC.4.

 

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 214 cases (7 in the last 5 years), 1998–2026 · leading case: In Re Adoption of MAS, 815 N.E.2d 216 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004).
In Re Adoption of MAS, 815 N.E.2d 216 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). · cites it 16× “" According to Ind.Code § 31-19-9-8(a) (Supp.2003): Consent to adoption, which may be required under section 1 of this chapter, is not required from any of the following: * * * * * (2) A parent of a child in the custody of another person if for a period of at least one (1) year…”
In the Matter of the Adoption of M.S. C.L.S. v. A.L.S., 10 N.E.3d 1272 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014). · cites it 16× “However, Indiana Code § 31-19-9-8 provides that consent to an adoption is not required from: (2) A parent of a child in the custody of another person if for a period of at least one (1) year the parent: (A) fails without justifiable cause to communicate significantly with the…”
In re Adoption of D.M. Michael Mendez v. Brent L. Weaver, 82 N.E.3d 354 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017). · cites it 22× “Insofar as Michael Mendez is the natural parent of the child to be adopted, the findings and legal conclusions of this Court are controlled by Ind. Code 31-19-9-8[ (a) ]11(A) and (B). 22.”
In re Adoption of T.L. & T.L. M.G. v. R.J. & E.J., 4 N.E.3d 658 (Ind. 2014). · cites it 12× “” Ind.Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(2). The burden to prove this statutory criterion is satisfied by clear and convincing evidence rests squarely upon the petitioner seeking to adopt.”
In Re Adoption of MB, 944 N.E.2d 73 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). · cites it 18× “[2] And on October 15, Stepfather filed his petition for adoption ("Petition") and motion to proceed with adoption without consent of biological father pursuant to Indiana Code Section 31-19-9-8. [3] The trial court held a hearing on Stepfather's Petition on May 18 and July 1,…”
In re the Adoption of E.B.F., J.W. v. D.F., 93 N.E.3d 759 (Ind. 2018). · cites it 8× “” Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8 (a)(2)(A). A determination on the significance of the communication is not one that can be mathematically calculated to precision.”
K.S. v. D.S., 64 N.E.3d 1209 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016). · cites it 12× “The trial court concluded further that Birth Mother’s consent was not required because she had abandoned Child for at least six months prior to the filing of the petition.”
In the Matter of the Adoption of O.R., N.R. v. K.G. & C.G., 16 N.E.3d 965 (Ind. 2014). · cites it 5× “However, Indiana Code section 31-19-9-8 provides that consent to an adoption is not required from, among others, any of the following: (1) A parent or parents if the child is adjudged to have been abandoned or deserted for at least six (6) months immediately preceding the date…”
In Re The Adoption of S.W. Thomas West v. Ronnie D. Sedberry & Sondra A. Sedberry, 979 N.E.2d 633 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). · cites it 8× “*640 Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8 (a). Subsection (b) of this statute further provides that “[i]f a parent has made only token efforts to support or to communicate with the child the court may declare the child abandoned by the parent.”
Winters v. Talley, 784 N.E.2d 1045 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). · cites it 37× “The trial court found that Winters' consent was not required pursuant to Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8 (a)(2)(B) because Winters failed to provide for the care and support of G.”
McElvain v. Hite, 800 N.E.2d 947 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). · cites it 14× “Case Summary Bobby McElvain ("Father") appeals the trial court's order granting Neil Hite's ("Stepfather") petitions for adoption ("Petitions") under Indiana Code Section 31-19-9-8. We reverse. Issue Father raises three issues, one of which we find dispositive: whether the trial…”
In the Matter of the Adoption of J.T.A. R.S.P. v. S.S., 988 N.E.2d 1250 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). · cites it 8× “See Ind.Code § 31-19-9-8. Fiancée argued below that Mother’s consent was not necessary because either Mother had abandoned the Child, under sub-section (a)(1) of the above statute, or Mother had failed to support the Child, under sub-section (a)(2)(B).”
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(11) — 1 case
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(2)(A) — 1 case
In Re the Adoption of E.A., M.A. v. D.B., 43 N.E.3d 592 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015).
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a) — 59 cases
In Re Adoption of MAS, 815 N.E.2d 216 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). “" According to Ind.Code § 31-19-9-8(a) (Supp.2003): Consent to adoption, which may be required under section 1 of this chapter, is not required from any of the following: * * * * * (2) A parent of a child in the custody of another person if for a period of at least one (1) year…”
In Re Adoption of Nw, 933 N.E.2d 909 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010).
Darryl Calvin v. State of Indiana, 87 N.E.3d 474 (Ind. 2017).
In the Matter of the Adoption of O.R., N.R. v. K.G. & C.G., 16 N.E.3d 965 (Ind. 2014). “However, Indiana Code section 31-19-9-8 provides that consent to an adoption is not required from, among others, any of the following: (1) A parent or parents if the child is adjudged to have been abandoned or deserted for at least six (6) months immediately preceding the date…”
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(1) — 12 cases
K.S. v. D.S. (mem. dec.) (Ind. Ct. App. 2016).
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(1)(2) — 1 case
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(10) — 13 cases
In Re Infant Girl W., 845 N.E.2d 229 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006).
M.H. v. C.R., 918 N.E.2d 736 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009).
In Re the Adoption of A.S. Ex Rel. M.L.S., 912 N.E.2d 840 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009).
In Re Adoption of JDB, 867 N.E.2d 252 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
In Re Adoption of JP, 713 N.E.2d 873 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999).
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(11) — 14 cases
R.B. v. D.C. (mem. dec.) (Ind. Ct. App. 2017).
D.T. v. J.M. (Ind. Ct. App. 2019).
T.M. v. L.D. & J.D. (mem. dec.) (Ind. Ct. App. 2018).
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(11)(A) — 2 cases
R.B. v. D.C. (mem. dec.) (Ind. Ct. App. 2017).
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(11)(B) — 2 cases
R.B. v. D.C. (mem. dec.) (Ind. Ct. App. 2017).
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(2) — 50 cases
In Re Adoption of MAS, 815 N.E.2d 216 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). “" According to Ind.Code § 31-19-9-8(a) (Supp.2003): Consent to adoption, which may be required under section 1 of this chapter, is not required from any of the following: * * * * * (2) A parent of a child in the custody of another person if for a period of at least one (1) year…”
In re Adoption of T.L. & T.L. M.G. v. R.J. & E.J., 4 N.E.3d 658 (Ind. 2014). “” Ind.Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(2). The burden to prove this statutory criterion is satisfied by clear and convincing evidence rests squarely upon the petitioner seeking to adopt.”
In Re Adoption of MB, 944 N.E.2d 73 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). “[2] And on October 15, Stepfather filed his petition for adoption ("Petition") and motion to proceed with adoption without consent of biological father pursuant to Indiana Code Section 31-19-9-8. [3] The trial court held a hearing on Stepfather's Petition on May 18 and July 1,…”
In Re Adoption of CEN, 847 N.E.2d 267 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006).
Rust v. Lawson, 714 N.E.2d 769 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999).
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(2)(A) — 29 cases
In the Matter of the Adoption of O.R., N.R. v. K.G. & C.G., 16 N.E.3d 965 (Ind. 2014). “However, Indiana Code section 31-19-9-8 provides that consent to an adoption is not required from, among others, any of the following: (1) A parent or parents if the child is adjudged to have been abandoned or deserted for at least six (6) months immediately preceding the date…”
E.W. v. J.W., 20 N.E.3d 889 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014).
In Re The Adoption of S.W. Thomas West v. Ronnie D. Sedberry & Sondra A. Sedberry, 979 N.E.2d 633 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). “*640 Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8 (a). Subsection (b) of this statute further provides that “[i]f a parent has made only token efforts to support or to communicate with the child the court may declare the child abandoned by the parent.”
In Re Adoption of DC, 928 N.E.2d 602 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010).
S. R. v. M. J., 71 N.E.3d 436 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017).
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(2)(B) — 25 cases
In re Adoption of T.L. & T.L. M.G. v. R.J. & E.J., 4 N.E.3d 658 (Ind. 2014). “” Ind.Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(2). The burden to prove this statutory criterion is satisfied by clear and convincing evidence rests squarely upon the petitioner seeking to adopt.”
In Re Adoption of MAS, 815 N.E.2d 216 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). “" According to Ind.Code § 31-19-9-8(a) (Supp.2003): Consent to adoption, which may be required under section 1 of this chapter, is not required from any of the following: * * * * * (2) A parent of a child in the custody of another person if for a period of at least one (1) year…”
In the Matter of the Adoption of M.S. C.L.S. v. A.L.S., 10 N.E.3d 1272 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014). “However, Indiana Code § 31-19-9-8 provides that consent to an adoption is not required from: (2) A parent of a child in the custody of another person if for a period of at least one (1) year the parent: (A) fails without justifiable cause to communicate significantly with the…”
E.W. v. J.W., 20 N.E.3d 889 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014).
In Re Adoption of MB, 944 N.E.2d 73 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). “[2] And on October 15, Stepfather filed his petition for adoption ("Petition") and motion to proceed with adoption without consent of biological father pursuant to Indiana Code Section 31-19-9-8. [3] The trial court held a hearing on Stepfather's Petition on May 18 and July 1,…”
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(3) — 2 cases
M S v. J a (Ind. Ct. App. 2025).
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(4)(C) — 2 cases
In Re Adoption of JDB, 867 N.E.2d 252 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
Lucas v. C.F.K., 867 N.E.2d 252 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(6) — 1 case
M S v. J a (Ind. Ct. App. 2025).
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(8) — 1 case
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(9) — 1 case
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(l) — 2 cases
K.S. v. D.S., 64 N.E.3d 1209 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016). “The trial court concluded further that Birth Mother’s consent was not required because she had abandoned Child for at least six months prior to the filing of the petition.”
In the Matter of the Adoption of J.T.A. R.S.P. v. S.S., 988 N.E.2d 1250 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). “See Ind.Code § 31-19-9-8. Fiancée argued below that Mother’s consent was not necessary because either Mother had abandoned the Child, under sub-section (a)(1) of the above statute, or Mother had failed to support the Child, under sub-section (a)(2)(B).”
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(ll) — 3 cases
In Re the Adoption of H.N.P.G., 878 N.E.2d 900 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008).
In re Adoption of T.L. & T.L. M.G. v. R.J. & E.J., 4 N.E.3d 658 (Ind. 2014). “” Ind.Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(2). The burden to prove this statutory criterion is satisfied by clear and convincing evidence rests squarely upon the petitioner seeking to adopt.”
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(a)(ll)(B) — 1 case
— Ind. Code § 31-19-9-8(b) — 12 cases
Rust v. Lawson, 714 N.E.2d 769 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999).
McElvain v. Hite, 800 N.E.2d 947 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). “Case Summary Bobby McElvain ("Father") appeals the trial court's order granting Neil Hite's ("Stepfather") petitions for adoption ("Petitions") under Indiana Code Section 31-19-9-8. We reverse. Issue Father raises three issues, one of which we find dispositive: whether the trial…”
Matter of Adoption of AMK, 698 N.E.2d 845 (Ind. Ct. App. 1998).
Krovitch v. Stull, 698 N.E.2d 845 (Ind. Ct. App. 1998).
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