Mont. Code Ann. » TITLE 27. CIVIL LIABILITY, REMEDIES, AND LIMITATIONS · CHAPTER 1. AVAILABILITY OF REMEDIES -- LIABILITY · Part 1. General Provisions
Montana Code Annotated

Mont. Code Ann. § 27-1-103 (2026)

Civil And Criminal Actions

✓ current as of May 2026
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  1. MCA Contents
  2. TITLE 27
  3. CHAPTER 1
  4. Part 1
  5. 27-1-103 Civil and criminal actions

TITLE 27. CIVIL LIABILITY, REMEDIES, AND LIMITATIONS

CHAPTER 1. AVAILABILITY OF REMEDIES -- LIABILITY

Part 1. General Provisions

Civil And Criminal Actions

27-1-103. Civil and criminal actions. (1) Actions are of two kinds:

(a) civil; and

(b) criminal.

(2) A civil action is prosecuted by one party against another for the enforcement or protection of a right or the redress or prevention of a wrong. Titles 45 and 46 define and provide for the prosecution of a criminal action. When the violation of a right admits of both a civil and criminal remedy, the right to prosecute the one is not merged in the other.

History: (1)En. Sec. 3473, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; re-en. Sec. 8081, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 8999, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. C. Civ. Proc. Sec. 24; re-en. Sec. 8999, R.C.M. 1935; Sec. 92-2205, R.C.M. 1947; (2)Ap. p. Sec. 3479, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; re-en. Sec. 8087, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 9005, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. C. Civ. Proc. Sec. 30; re-en. Sec. 9005, R.C.M. 1935; Sec. 93-2211, R.C.M. 1947; Ap. p. Sec. 3480, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; re-en. Sec. 8088, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 9006, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. C. Civ. Proc. Sec. 31; re-en. Sec. 9006, R.C.M. 1935; Sec. 93-2212, R.C.M. 1947, 93-2212; Ap. p. Sec. 3481, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; re-en. Sec. 8089, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 9007, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. C. Civ. Proc. Sec. 32; re-en. Sec. 9007, R.C.M. 1935; Sec. 93-2213, R.C.M. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 93-2205, 93-2211, 93-2212, 93-2213.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 8 cases (2 in the last 5 years), 2000–2024 · leading case: Finstad v. W.R. Grace & Co., 2000 MT 228 (Mont. 2000).
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Finstad v. W.R. Grace & Co., 2000 MT 228 (Mont. 2000). · cites it 6× “" Section 27-1-103(2), MCA. Here, the Finstads brought suit against W.”
Pena v. State, 2004 MT 293 (Mont. 2004). · cites it 2× “" An "action" is further divided into the two subcategories of "civil action" and "criminal action" in § 27-1-103, MCA: *162 27-1-103. Civil and criminal actions.”
Neal v. State, 2003 MT 53 (Mont. 2003). · cites it 2× “*362 An action is further defined in § 27-1-103, MCA: Civil and criminal actions.”
Peña v. State, 2004 MT 293 (Mont. 2004). · cites it 2× “” An “action” is further divided into the two subcategories of “civil action” and “criminal action” in § 27-1-103, MCA: 27-1-103. Civil and criminal actions.”
Pac. Hide & Fur Depot v. Emineth Custom Homes, Inc., 2016 MT 114 (Mont. 2016). · cites it 2× “¶22 When a case is tried to a jury, the jury is responsible for finding the facts required to determine the case, § 27-1-103, MCA, and must do so “in a spirit of neutrality, fairness and open-mindedness.”
City of Billings v. Beckman, 2002 MT 256N (Mont. 2002). · cites it 4× “Section 27-1-103, MCA, defines actions as either civil or criminal and then at subparagraph (2) provides: A civil action is prosecuted by one party against another for the enforcement or protection of a right or the redress or prevention of a wrong.”
Caekaert v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Soc'y of New York, Inc. (D. Mont. 2024). · cites it 2× “]” Mont. Code Ann. § 27-1-103 (6)(f)(ii). Thus, even if Plaintiffs had standing to bring the motion, the Court would refuse to enter an order denying Mapley, Sr.”
Anderson v. Montana Dep't of Pub. Health & Human Servs. (D. Mont. 2024). “For purposes of apportionment pursuant to § 27-1-103(4), a claimant may be considered by the trier of fact.”
Mont. Code Ann. § 27-1-103(2): 2 cases
Finstad v. W.R. Grace & Co., 2000 MT 228 (Mont. 2000). “" Section 27-1-103(2), MCA. Here, the Finstads brought suit against W.”
City of Billings v. Beckman, 2002 MT 256N (Mont. 2002). “Section 27-1-103, MCA, defines actions as either civil or criminal and then at subparagraph (2) provides: A civil action is prosecuted by one party against another for the enforcement or protection of a right or the redress or prevention of a wrong.”
Mont. Code Ann. § 27-1-103(4): 1 case
Anderson v. Montana Dep't of Pub. Health & Human Servs. (D. Mont. 2024). “For purposes of apportionment pursuant to § 27-1-103(4), a claimant may be considered by the trier of fact.”
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