Mont. Code Ann. » TITLE 46. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE · CHAPTER 21. POSTCONVICTION HEARING · Part 2. Action of Court
Montana Code Annotated

Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201 (2026)

Proceedings On Petition

✓ current as of May 2026
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  1. MCA Contents
  2. TITLE 46
  3. CHAPTER 21
  4. Part 2
  5. 46-21-201 Proceedings on petition

TITLE 46. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

CHAPTER 21. POSTCONVICTION HEARING

Part 2. Action of Court

Proceedings On Petition

46-21-201. Proceedings on petition. (1) (a) Unless the petition and the files and records of the case conclusively show that the petitioner is not entitled to relief, the court shall cause notice of the petition to be sent to the county attorney in the county in which the conviction took place and to the attorney general and order that a responsive pleading be filed. The attorney general shall determine whether the attorney general will respond to the petition and, if so, whether the attorney general will respond in addition to or in place of the county attorney. Following its review of the responsive pleading, the court may dismiss the petition as a matter of law for failure to state a claim for relief or it may proceed to determine the issue.

(b) If the death sentence has been imposed, upon receipt of the response or responses to the petition, the court shall promptly hold a conference to determine a schedule for the expeditious resolution of the proceeding. The court shall issue a decision within 90 days after the hearing on the petition or, if there is no hearing, within 90 days after the filing of briefs as allowed by rule or by court order. If the decision is not issued during that period, a party may petition the supreme court for a writ of mandate or other appropriate writ or relief to compel the issuance of a decision.

(c) To the extent that they are applicable and are not inconsistent with this chapter, the rules of procedure governing civil proceedings apply to the proceeding.

(2) If the death sentence has not been imposed and a hearing is required or if the interests of justice require, the court shall order the office of state public defender, provided for in 2-15-1029, to assign counsel for a petitioner who qualifies for the assignment of counsel under Title 46, chapter 8, part 1, and the Montana Public Defender Act, Title 47, chapter 1.

(3) (a) Within 30 days after a conviction for which a death sentence was imposed becomes final, the sentencing court shall notify the sentenced person that if the person is indigent, as defined in 47-1-103, and wishes to file a petition under this chapter, the court will order the office of state public defender to assign counsel who meets the Montana supreme court's standards and the office of state public defender's standards for competency of assigned counsel in proceedings under this chapter for an indigent person sentenced to death.

(b) Within 75 days after a conviction for which a death sentence was imposed upon a person who wishes to file a petition under this chapter becomes final, the sentencing court shall:

(i) order the office of state public defender to assign counsel to represent the person pending a determination by the office of state public defender that the person is indigent, as defined in 47-1-103, and that the person either has accepted the offer of assigned counsel or is unable to competently decide whether to accept the offer of assigned counsel;

(ii) if the offer of assigned counsel is rejected by a person who understands the legal consequences of the rejection, enter findings of fact after a hearing, if the court determines that a hearing is necessary, stating that the person rejected the offer with an understanding of the legal consequences of the rejection; or

(iii) if the petitioner is determined not to be indigent, deny or rescind any order requiring the assignment of counsel.

(c) The office of state public defender may not assign counsel who has previously represented the person at any stage in the case unless the person and the counsel expressly agree to the assignment.

(d) If a petitioner entitled to counsel under this subsection (3) is determined not to be indigent but becomes indigent at any subsequent stage of the proceedings, the court shall order the assignment of counsel as provided in subsection (3)(b)(i).

(e) The expenses of counsel assigned pursuant to this subsection (3) must be paid by the office of state public defender.

(f) Violation of this subsection (3) is not a basis for a claim or relief under this chapter.

(4) The court, for good cause, may grant leave to either party to use the discovery procedures available in criminal or civil proceedings. Discovery procedures may be used only to the extent and in the manner that the court has ordered or to which the parties have agreed.

(5) The court may receive proof of affidavits, depositions, oral testimony, or other evidence. In its discretion, the court may order the petitioner brought before the court for the hearing.

(6) If the court finds in favor of the petitioner, it shall enter an appropriate order with respect to the judgment or sentence in the former proceedings and any supplementary orders as to reassignment, retrial, custody, bail, or discharge that may be necessary and proper. If the court finds for the prosecution, the petition must be dismissed.

History: En. 95-2605 by Sec. 1, Ch. 196, L. 1967; amd. Sec. 45, Ch. 184, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 95-2605; amd. Sec. 5, Ch. 195, L. 1981; amd. Sec. 230, Ch. 800, L. 1991; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 378, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 53, Ch. 449, L. 2005; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 51, L. 2009; amd. Sec. 19, Ch. 358, L. 2017.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 116 cases (25 in the last 5 years), 1980–2025 · leading case: Marble v. State, 2015 MT 242 (Mont. 2015).
Sort: Relevance Newest Treatment
Marble v. State, 2015 MT 242 (Mont. 2015). · cites it 54× “¶30 Section 46-21-201, MCA, describes the proceedings to be undertaken upon the filing of a PCR petition.”
Herman v. State, 2006 MT 7 (Mont. 2006). · cites it 19× “” Section 46-21-201(l)(a), MCA. ¶16 After reviewing the State’s response, the District Court dismissed Herman’s petition without a hearing.”
State v. Finley, 915 P.2d 208 (Mont. 1996). · cites it 12× “Additionally, Finley argues that because the District Court treated the post-trial hearing as a postconviction hearing, it had a duty pursuant to § 46-21-201(2), MCA, to appoint counsel for Finley.”
State v. Coates, 786 P.2d 1182 (Mont. 1990). · cites it 18× “On September 2, 1988, pursuant to § 46-21-201, MCA, appellant's new counsel filed a petition for post-conviction relief that alleged appellant was denied effective assistance of counsel at trial.”
Lacey v. State, 2017 MT 18 (Mont. 2017). · cites it 10× “” Section 46-21-201(2), MCA. Pursuant to § 46-21-201(l)(a),MCA, the district court may dismiss a petition, without a hearing, based solely upon the case record.”
State v. Boucher, 2002 MT 114 (Mont. 2002). · cites it 10× “Again, keeping in mind that a guilty plea must be voluntary, intelligent and knowing, it is hard to conclude that these constitutional imperatives are statutorily protected by a scheme that forces the defendant to utilize a cumbersome civil proceeding which allows the reviewing…”
Heath v. State, 2009 MT 7 (Mont. 2009). · cites it 6× “” Section 46-21-201(l)(a), MCA; Herman , ¶ 15.”
Swearingen v. State, 2001 MT 10 (Mont. 2001). · cites it 20× “Discussion ¶4 Section 46-21-201(2), MCA (1997), provides: If the death sentence has not been imposed and a hearing is required or if the interests of justice require, the court shall appoint counsel for a [postconviction] petitioner who qualifies for the appointment of counsel…”
Hamilton v. State, 2010 MT 25 (Mont. 2010). · cites it 10× “The District Court dismissed Hamilton’s claims of ineffective assistance of counsel pursuant to §§ 46-21-104(l)(c) and 46-21-104(2), MCA, for failure to make a prima facie showing of entitlement to relief, and pursuant to § 46-21-201(1), MCA, for failure to state a claim for…”
State v. Evert, 2004 MT 178 (Mont. 2004). · cites it 9× “” Section 46-21-201(6), MCA. The court may also alternatively find for the prosecution, and the petition then must be dismissed.”
Coleman v. State, 633 P.2d 624 (Mont. 1981). · cites it 6× “Section 46-21-201, MCA; State v. Ybarra (1974), 22 Ariz.”
Pena v. State, 2004 MT 293 (Mont. 2004). · cites it 8× “] All claims for relief listed herein, including, as highlighted above, challenges to a sentencing court's jurisdiction, are incorporated within the time limitation of § 46-21-201, MCA: "[A] petition for the relief referred to in XX-XX-XXX may be filed at anytime within 1 year.”
Show all 116 citing cases →
— Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201(1) — 12 cases
State v. Coates, 786 P.2d 1182 (Mont. 1990). “On September 2, 1988, pursuant to § 46-21-201, MCA, appellant's new counsel filed a petition for post-conviction relief that alleged appellant was denied effective assistance of counsel at trial.”
Vernon Kills on Top v. State, 928 P.2d 182 (Mont. 1996).
Fitzpatrick v. State, 638 P.2d 1002 (Mont. 1981).
Bishop v. State, 835 P.2d 732 (Mont. 1992).
State v. Peck, 865 P.2d 304 (Mont. 1993).
— Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201(1)(a) — 51 cases
State v. Boucher, 2002 MT 114 (Mont. 2002). “Again, keeping in mind that a guilty plea must be voluntary, intelligent and knowing, it is hard to conclude that these constitutional imperatives are statutorily protected by a scheme that forces the defendant to utilize a cumbersome civil proceeding which allows the reviewing…”
Marble v. State, 2015 MT 242 (Mont. 2015). “¶30 Section 46-21-201, MCA, describes the proceedings to be undertaken upon the filing of a PCR petition.”
Wilson v. State, 2010 MT 278 (Mont. 2010).
State v. Thee, 2001 MT 294 (Mont. 2001).
Smith v. State, 2000 MT 327 (Mont. 2000).
— Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201(1)(b) — 1 case
Veis v. State, 2004 MT 139N (Mont. 2004).
— Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201(1)(c) — 11 cases
Pena v. State, 2004 MT 293 (Mont. 2004). “] All claims for relief listed herein, including, as highlighted above, challenges to a sentencing court's jurisdiction, are incorporated within the time limitation of § 46-21-201, MCA: "[A] petition for the relief referred to in XX-XX-XXX may be filed at anytime within 1 year.”
In re T.H., 2005 MT 237 (Mont. 2005).
In Re Th, 2005 MT 237 (Mont. 2005).
R. Eva v. State, 2018 MT 11N (Mont. 2018).
D. Nolan v. State (Mont. 2020).
— Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201(2) — 20 cases
State v. Finley, 915 P.2d 208 (Mont. 1996). “Additionally, Finley argues that because the District Court treated the post-trial hearing as a postconviction hearing, it had a duty pursuant to § 46-21-201(2), MCA, to appoint counsel for Finley.”
Swearingen v. State, 2001 MT 10 (Mont. 2001). “Discussion ¶4 Section 46-21-201(2), MCA (1997), provides: If the death sentence has not been imposed and a hearing is required or if the interests of justice require, the court shall appoint counsel for a [postconviction] petitioner who qualifies for the appointment of counsel…”
Marble v. State, 2015 MT 242 (Mont. 2015). “¶30 Section 46-21-201, MCA, describes the proceedings to be undertaken upon the filing of a PCR petition.”
Lacey v. State, 2017 MT 18 (Mont. 2017). “” Section 46-21-201(2), MCA. Pursuant to § 46-21-201(l)(a),MCA, the district court may dismiss a petition, without a hearing, based solely upon the case record.”
State v. Boucher, 2002 MT 114 (Mont. 2002). “Again, keeping in mind that a guilty plea must be voluntary, intelligent and knowing, it is hard to conclude that these constitutional imperatives are statutorily protected by a scheme that forces the defendant to utilize a cumbersome civil proceeding which allows the reviewing…”
— Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201(3) — 1 case
State v. Sullivan, 948 P.2d 215 (Mont. 1997).
— Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201(4) — 2 cases
Marble v. State, 2015 MT 242 (Mont. 2015). “¶30 Section 46-21-201, MCA, describes the proceedings to be undertaken upon the filing of a PCR petition.”
State v. J. Franks (Mont. 2020).
— Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201(5) — 8 cases
State v. Wright, 2001 MT 282 (Mont. 2001).
State v. Golie, 2013 MT 321N (Mont. 2013).
Kenfield v. State, 2014 MT 172N (Mont. 2014).
Buettner v. State, 2015 MT 348N (Mont. 2015).
State v. Boese, 2005 MT 31N (Mont. 2005).
— Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201(6) — 3 cases
State v. Evert, 2004 MT 178 (Mont. 2004). “” Section 46-21-201(6), MCA. The court may also alternatively find for the prosecution, and the petition then must be dismissed.”
Marble v. State, 2015 MT 242 (Mont. 2015). “¶30 Section 46-21-201, MCA, describes the proceedings to be undertaken upon the filing of a PCR petition.”
Thibert v. State (Mont. 2021).
— Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201(l)(a) — 16 cases
Herman v. State, 2006 MT 7 (Mont. 2006). “” Section 46-21-201(l)(a), MCA. ¶16 After reviewing the State’s response, the District Court dismissed Herman’s petition without a hearing.”
Lacey v. State, 2017 MT 18 (Mont. 2017). “” Section 46-21-201(2), MCA. Pursuant to § 46-21-201(l)(a),MCA, the district court may dismiss a petition, without a hearing, based solely upon the case record.”
Heath v. State, 2009 MT 7 (Mont. 2009). “” Section 46-21-201(l)(a), MCA; Herman , ¶ 15.”
Hamilton v. State, 2010 MT 25 (Mont. 2010). “The District Court dismissed Hamilton’s claims of ineffective assistance of counsel pursuant to §§ 46-21-104(l)(c) and 46-21-104(2), MCA, for failure to make a prima facie showing of entitlement to relief, and pursuant to § 46-21-201(1), MCA, for failure to state a claim for…”
Marble v. State, 2015 MT 242 (Mont. 2015). “¶30 Section 46-21-201, MCA, describes the proceedings to be undertaken upon the filing of a PCR petition.”
— Mont. Code Ann. § 46-21-201(l)(c) — 3 cases
Herman v. State, 2006 MT 7 (Mont. 2006). “” Section 46-21-201(l)(a), MCA. ¶16 After reviewing the State’s response, the District Court dismissed Herman’s petition without a hearing.”
Ellenburg v. Chase, 2004 MT 66 (Mont. 2004).
Peña v. State, 2004 MT 293 (Mont. 2004).
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