New Hampshire Revised Statutes
N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 463:8 (2026)
Conduct of Hearing
✓ current as of May 2026
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463:8 Conduct of Hearing. –
I. In any hearing under this chapter, the court shall not be bound by the technical rules of evidence and may admit evidence which it considers relevant and material.
II. A minor 14 years of age or older shall attend the hearing unless attendance is excused by the court. All other minors may attend the hearing if authorized or ordered by the court.
III. (a) Except as set forth in subparagraph (b), the burden of proof shall be on the petitioner to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that a guardianship of the person is in the best interests of the minor.
(b) If a parent objects to the establishment of the guardianship of the person requested by a non-parent, the court shall set a date for the hearing specified in this section. Except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, the burden of proof shall be on the petitioner to establish by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of the minor require substitution or supplementation of parental care and supervision to provide for the essential physical and safety needs of the minor or to prevent specific, significant psychological harm to the minor. If guardianship is sought by the minor's grandparent as the result of the parent's substance abuse or dependence, the burden of proof shall be on the petitioner to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that a guardianship of the person is in the best interests of the minor.
(c) The burden of proof shall be on the petitioner for the guardianship of the estate of a minor to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the guardianship is necessary to provide for the proper management of the property and financial affairs of the minor.
IV. The consent of the minor shall not be necessary for the appointment of a guardian, but the court shall in all cases ascertain the minor's preference, and give to it such weight as under the circumstances may seem just.
V. When before or during the hearing on any proceeding in any court it appears to the court that the interest or rights of a minor are not fully represented or upon the request of any interested person, the court may appoint a competent and disinterested person to act as guardian ad litem for such minor to represent the minor's interest in the case. The guardian ad litem shall have none of the rights of the general guardian. The person appointed guardian ad litem shall make an oath to perform such duty faithfully and impartially.
VI. A guardian ad litem appointed in a child custody proceeding in the probate court or family division shall be subject to the same standards, requirements, and rules as apply to guardians ad litem appointed in divorce, nullity, or legal separation proceedings under RSA 458:17-a.
VII. The court may appoint a guardian of the person or of the estate or of both as requested if, upon hearing, it finds based on the applicable burden of proof:
(a) In the case of guardianship of the person, guardianship is in the best interests of the minor as provided in paragraph III and the person nominated is appropriate.
(b) In the case of guardianship of the estate, that the guardianship is necessary to provide for the proper management of the property and financial affairs of the minor and the person nominated is appropriate.
VIII. If a parent objects to the appointment or continuation of a guardianship, the court shall issue written findings concerning the petitioner's compliance with the relevant burden of proof under paragraph III.
IX. If a parent consents to the appointment of a guardianship, such consent shall be executed by an instrument in writing, signed by the parent, in the presence and with the approval of the court of the county in which the case is pending. The court may designate a person or another court to take the parent's consent on the court's behalf for good cause shown. The court, or its designee, shall also question the consenting parent regarding his or her understanding and knowledge of the nature and consequences if the petition is granted; and to insure that the parent understands he or she has the right to contest the petition. If the court, based on its own determination or its duly certified designee, finds:
(a) That consent is being given voluntarily and knowingly, the court may conduct a hearing pursuant to this section and thereon make all orders authorized by this chapter; or
(b) That consent is not being given voluntarily and knowingly for any reason such as because the parent lacked the mental capacity to give such consent. In this case, the court may:
(1) Hold a hearing pursuant to this section within 6 months, or earlier, if it is reasonably likely that the parent's mental capacity will be restored within a shorter time period, and during the interim make or renew whatever temporary orders under RSA 463:7 the court deems necessary; or
(2) If it is unlikely that capacity will be restored within 6 months, schedule and conduct a hearing pursuant to this section as if the parent were objecting under paragraph III and make or renew whatever temporary orders under RSA 463:7 the court deems necessary until the hearing is conducted.
X. If the parent does not appear at the hearing and the court has not received a properly and duly executed consent form, the court may conduct such hearing as necessary to make the determinations required by this section and thereon make all orders authorized by this chapter.
XI. When the court grants guardianship as part of the permanency plan for a child in the department's custody pursuant to the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, Public Law 105-89, the court shall so specify in its order.
I. In any hearing under this chapter, the court shall not be bound by the technical rules of evidence and may admit evidence which it considers relevant and material.
II. A minor 14 years of age or older shall attend the hearing unless attendance is excused by the court. All other minors may attend the hearing if authorized or ordered by the court.
III. (a) Except as set forth in subparagraph (b), the burden of proof shall be on the petitioner to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that a guardianship of the person is in the best interests of the minor.
(b) If a parent objects to the establishment of the guardianship of the person requested by a non-parent, the court shall set a date for the hearing specified in this section. Except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, the burden of proof shall be on the petitioner to establish by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of the minor require substitution or supplementation of parental care and supervision to provide for the essential physical and safety needs of the minor or to prevent specific, significant psychological harm to the minor. If guardianship is sought by the minor's grandparent as the result of the parent's substance abuse or dependence, the burden of proof shall be on the petitioner to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that a guardianship of the person is in the best interests of the minor.
(c) The burden of proof shall be on the petitioner for the guardianship of the estate of a minor to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the guardianship is necessary to provide for the proper management of the property and financial affairs of the minor.
IV. The consent of the minor shall not be necessary for the appointment of a guardian, but the court shall in all cases ascertain the minor's preference, and give to it such weight as under the circumstances may seem just.
V. When before or during the hearing on any proceeding in any court it appears to the court that the interest or rights of a minor are not fully represented or upon the request of any interested person, the court may appoint a competent and disinterested person to act as guardian ad litem for such minor to represent the minor's interest in the case. The guardian ad litem shall have none of the rights of the general guardian. The person appointed guardian ad litem shall make an oath to perform such duty faithfully and impartially.
VI. A guardian ad litem appointed in a child custody proceeding in the probate court or family division shall be subject to the same standards, requirements, and rules as apply to guardians ad litem appointed in divorce, nullity, or legal separation proceedings under RSA 458:17-a.
VII. The court may appoint a guardian of the person or of the estate or of both as requested if, upon hearing, it finds based on the applicable burden of proof:
(a) In the case of guardianship of the person, guardianship is in the best interests of the minor as provided in paragraph III and the person nominated is appropriate.
(b) In the case of guardianship of the estate, that the guardianship is necessary to provide for the proper management of the property and financial affairs of the minor and the person nominated is appropriate.
VIII. If a parent objects to the appointment or continuation of a guardianship, the court shall issue written findings concerning the petitioner's compliance with the relevant burden of proof under paragraph III.
IX. If a parent consents to the appointment of a guardianship, such consent shall be executed by an instrument in writing, signed by the parent, in the presence and with the approval of the court of the county in which the case is pending. The court may designate a person or another court to take the parent's consent on the court's behalf for good cause shown. The court, or its designee, shall also question the consenting parent regarding his or her understanding and knowledge of the nature and consequences if the petition is granted; and to insure that the parent understands he or she has the right to contest the petition. If the court, based on its own determination or its duly certified designee, finds:
(a) That consent is being given voluntarily and knowingly, the court may conduct a hearing pursuant to this section and thereon make all orders authorized by this chapter; or
(b) That consent is not being given voluntarily and knowingly for any reason such as because the parent lacked the mental capacity to give such consent. In this case, the court may:
(1) Hold a hearing pursuant to this section within 6 months, or earlier, if it is reasonably likely that the parent's mental capacity will be restored within a shorter time period, and during the interim make or renew whatever temporary orders under RSA 463:7 the court deems necessary; or
(2) If it is unlikely that capacity will be restored within 6 months, schedule and conduct a hearing pursuant to this section as if the parent were objecting under paragraph III and make or renew whatever temporary orders under RSA 463:7 the court deems necessary until the hearing is conducted.
X. If the parent does not appear at the hearing and the court has not received a properly and duly executed consent form, the court may conduct such hearing as necessary to make the determinations required by this section and thereon make all orders authorized by this chapter.
XI. When the court grants guardianship as part of the permanency plan for a child in the department's custody pursuant to the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, Public Law 105-89, the court shall so specify in its order.
Source. 1995, 222:1. 2004, 11:4, 5. 2005, 160:1. 2007, 117:1. 2017, 53:2, eff. Jan. 1, 2018.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 14
cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1998–2025 · leading case: In Re Guardianship of Nicholas P., 27 A.3d 653 (N.H. 2011).
In Re Guardianship of Nicholas P., 27 A.3d 653 (N.H. 2011). “Jonathan’s petition to be substituted as guardian is governed by RSA 463:8, 111(b) (Supp. 2010), which requires a non-parent seeking to establish guardianship over the objections of a parent to show “by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of the minor require…”
Katz v. McVeigh, 931 F. Supp. 2d 311 (D.N.H. 2013). “, whether awarding guardianship to DCYF was in Eleonora’s best interests, see N.H.Rev.Stat. Ann. § 463:8, 111(a), (2) resolved that issue on the merits, and finally, see id.”
In re Guardianship of Matthew L., 58 A.3d 684 (N.H. 2012). “at 109 ; see RSA 463:8, 111(a), :15, V (2004). The petitioner argued that the trial court violated his state and federal constitutional rights when it required him and his wife, rather than the guardian, to bear the burden of proof in the termination proceeding.”
In re Guardianship of Reena D., 163 N.H. 107 (N.H. 2011). “RSA 463:8, III (2004). We explained that the clear and convincing evidentiary standard obligated the trial court to give the parent’s decision *115 a presumption of validity, which, we held, is all that Troxel requires.”
In re Jesse F., 722 A.2d 457 (N.H. 1998). “RSA 463:8, 111(b) (Supp. 1997) provides: If a parent objects to the establishment of the guardianship of the person requested by a non-parent, the burden of proof shall be on the petitioner to establish by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of the minor…”
In re Guardianship of Brittany S., 792 A.2d 384 (N.H. 2002). “RSA 463:8, I (Supp. 2001). Further, proceedings are held before the probate judge without a jury and in a closed court.”
In re Guardianship of J.F. (N.H. 2017). “A non-parent seeking to establish a guardianship over the objection of a parent has the burden to prove “by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of the minor require substitution or supplementation of parental care and supervision to provide for the essential…”
In re Guardianship of Raven G., 66 A.3d 1245 (N.H. 2013). “We disagreed and held that the Troxel presumption is subsumed within RSA 463:8, 111(b), the statute setting forth the burden of proof for a party to establish guardianship over a parent’s objection.”
In re Guardianship of I.B.; In re Guardianship of A.B.; In re Guardianship of N.B. (N.H. 2015). “A non-parent seeking to establish a guardianship over the objection of a parent has the burden to prove “by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of the minor require substitution or supplementation of parental care and supervision to provide for the essential…”
In re T.L. (N.H. 2015). “See RSA 463:8, III(b) (Supp. 2014). The mother argues that the evidence does not support the trial court’s finding, by clear and convincing evidence, that the best interests of the child require substitution or supplementation of parental care and supervision to provide for the…”
In re Guardianship of J.H., 2024 N.H. 3 (N.H. 2024). “RSA 463:8 permits the court to “appoint a guardian of the person or of the estate or of both,” and grants the court authority over the guardianship proceedings.”
In re Guardianship of K.C., 2025 N.H. 22 (N.H. 2025). “, RSA 170-C:10 (2022); RSA 463:8 (2018). [¶8] Under RSA chapter 170-C, “[i]f the court finds grounds for the termination of the parent-child relationship, it shall terminate such relationship and appoint the department of health and human services or another authorized agency as…”
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