N.J. Stat. » Title 2C — THE NEW JERSEY CODE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
New Jersey Statutes

N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6 (2026)

Liability for conduct of another; complicity

✓ current as of May 2026
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a. A person is guilty of an offense if it is committed by his own conduct or by the conduct of another person for which he is legally accountable, or both.

b. A person is legally accountable for the conduct of another person when:

(1) Acting with the kind of culpability that is sufficient for the commission of the offense, he causes an innocent or irresponsible person to engage in such conduct;

(2) He is made accountable for the conduct of such other person by the code or by the law defining the offense;

(3) He is an accomplice of such other person in the commission of an offense; or

(4) He is engaged in a conspiracy with such other person.

c. A person is an accomplice of another person in the commission of an offense if:

(1) With the purpose of promoting or facilitating the commission of the offense; he

(a) Solicits such other person to commit it;

(b) Aids or agrees or attempts to aid such other person in planning or committing it; or

(c) Having a legal duty to prevent the commission of the offense, fails to make proper effort so to do; or

(2) His conduct is expressly declared by law to establish his complicity.

d. A person who is legally incapable of committing a particular offense himself may be guilty thereof if it is committed by another person for whose conduct he is legally accountable, unless such liability is inconsistent with the purpose of the provision establishing his incapacity.

e. Unless otherwise provided by the code or by the law defining the offense, a person is not an accomplice in an offense committed by another person if:

(1) He is a victim of that offense;

(2) The offense is so defined that his conduct is inevitably incident to its commission; or

(3) He terminates his complicity under circumstances manifesting a complete and voluntary renunciation as defined in section 2C:5-1 d. prior to the commission of the offense. Termination by renunciation is an affirmative defense which the defendant must prove by a preponderance of evidence.

f. An accomplice may be convicted on proof of the commission of the offense and of his complicity therein, though the person claimed to have committed the offense has not been prosecuted or convicted or has been convicted of a different offense or degree of offense or has an immunity to prosecution or conviction or has been acquitted.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 184 cases (79 in the last 5 years), 1972–2026 · leading case: State v. Brown, 201 A.3d 77 (N.J. 2019).
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State v. Brown, 201 A.3d 77 (N.J. 2019). · cites it 4× “2C:11-3(a)(2) and N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6 (count *83 one); first-degree felony murder, N.”
Gonzales v. Duenas-Alvarez, 549 U.S. 183 (2007). · cites it 2× “2006); N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:2-6 (West 2005); N.M.”
State v. Brown, 651 A.2d 19 (N.J. 1994). · cites it 4× “] Although N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6 sets forth "the different modes of complicity in an offense * * * [i]t does not * * * contemplate that such distinctions should have a procedural significance.”
State v. Osborne S. Maloney (068877), 77 A.3d 1147 (N.J. 2013). · cites it 3× “Defendant contends that his convictions should be reversed based on the judge’s failure to instruct the jury sua sponte on accomplice liability, pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6 and State v. Bielkiewicz, 267 N.”
State v. Whitaker, 983 A.2d 181 (N.J. 2009). · cites it 3× “2 The New Jersey Penal Code, Final Report of the New Jersey Criminal Law Revision Commission, comment 6 on *458 § 2C:2-6(c), at 58 (1971) (Final Report).”
State v. Bridges, 628 A.2d 270 (N.J. 1993). · cites it 4× “A memorandum of the minutes for that meeting reveals that a representative from the Attorney General's Office objected to excluding from subsection 2C:2-6(b) any provision making a conspirator responsible for the actions of co-conspirators in furtherance of a conspiracy.”
State of New Jersey v. Gary Twiggs, 135 A.3d 981 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2016). · cites it 3× “First, N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6 provides that "[a] person is legally accountable for the conduct of another person" whether "[h]e is 3 A-4417-14T1 an accomplice of such other person" or "[h]e is engaged in a conspiracy with such other person.”
State of New Jersey Vs. Rory Edward Tringali(11-04-0030, Burlington Cnty. & Statewide), 164 A.3d 1072 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2017). · cites it 2× “2C:20-25(b) and N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6; and (3) second-degree impersonation, N.”
State of New Jersey v. Amboy Nat'l Bank Account, 146 A.3d 188 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2016). · cites it 2× “2C:37-2 and N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6; and first-degree financial facilitation of a crime, N.”
State v. Ingram, 951 A.2d 1000 (N.J. 2008). “See generally N.J.S.A 2C:2-6(e) (defining accomplice); N.”
Commodity Futures Trading Comm'n v. Am. Metals Exch. Corp., 775 F. Supp. 767 (D.N.J. 1991). · cites it 3× “2C:2-7, and N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6. See Appendix in Support of the Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment, Exhibit B at 9.”
State v. Bernardi, 192 A.3d 1040 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2018). · cites it 2× “2C:21-9(c) and N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6 (count six). Defendants moved to dismiss the indictment.”
Show all 184 citing cases →
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(C) — 1 case
State of New Jersey Vs. Michael E. Mitchell (14-05-0525, Middlesex Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2021).
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(a) — 10 cases
State v. Fowler, 182 A.3d 971 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2018).
State of New Jersey Vs. Juan Del Rosario(12-09-1328, Middlesex Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2017).
State of New Jersey Vs. Christopher J. Mckenna (15-08-1401, Monmouth Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(b) — 4 cases
State v. Bridges, 628 A.2d 270 (N.J. 1993). “A memorandum of the minutes for that meeting reveals that a representative from the Attorney General's Office objected to excluding from subsection 2C:2-6(b) any provision making a conspirator responsible for the actions of co-conspirators in furtherance of a conspiracy.”
State of New Jersey v. Gary Twiggs, 135 A.3d 981 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2016). “First, N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6 provides that "[a] person is legally accountable for the conduct of another person" whether "[h]e is 3 A-4417-14T1 an accomplice of such other person" or "[h]e is engaged in a conspiracy with such other person.”
State of New Jersey v. Raphael E. Garland (19-08-2261, Essex Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2022).
State of New Jersey v. Orlando Matos (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2025).
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(b)(3) — 9 cases
State of New Jersey v. Gary Twiggs, 135 A.3d 981 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2016). “First, N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6 provides that "[a] person is legally accountable for the conduct of another person" whether "[h]e is 3 A-4417-14T1 an accomplice of such other person" or "[h]e is engaged in a conspiracy with such other person.”
State v. Jordan, 485 A.2d 323 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1984).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(b)(4) — 6 cases
State of New Jersey Vs. Raheem a. Currie (14-09-1114, Mercer Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Marcus St. Claire White State of New Jersey Vs. Robby R. Willis (10-08-0481, Burlington Cnty. & Statewide) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2017).
State of New Jersey Vs. Azikwa Rustin State of New Jersey Vs. Alquan Harris State of New Jersey Vs. Joseph N. Wright (18-01-0031, 18-01-0032, & 18-01-0033, Somerset Cnty. & Statewide) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2020).
State of New Jersey Vs. Marvin Worthy (02-09-1247, Ocean Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2020).
State of New Jersey Vs. Danuweli M. Keller State of New Jersey Vs. Abdutawab Kiazolu State of New Jersey Vs. Phobus E. Sullivan (17-01-0009 & 17-12-0801, Mercer Cnty. & Statewide) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2021).
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(c) — 23 cases
State v. Whitaker, 983 A.2d 181 (N.J. 2009). “2 The New Jersey Penal Code, Final Report of the New Jersey Criminal Law Revision Commission, comment 6 on *458 § 2C:2-6(c), at 58 (1971) (Final Report).”
State v. Madden, 294 A.2d 609 (N.J. 1972).
Kamienski v. Hendricks, 332 F. App'x 740 (3rd Cir. 2009).
State of New Jersey Vs. Turi Reddick (02-05-0632, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2021).
State of New Jersey Vs. Martel D. Chisolm State of New Jersey Vs. Demetris Cross (17-02-0327, Atl. Cnty. & Statewide) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2021).
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(c)(1) — 10 cases
State v. Raquel Ramirez State v. Jorge Orozco (083902) (Union Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. 2021).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Jahmad Green (15-04-0352, Passaic Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2020).
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(c)(1)(a) — 6 cases
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State v. Raquel Ramirez State v. Jorge Orozco (083902) (Union Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. 2021).
State v. Raquel Ramirez State v. Jorge Orozco (083902) (Union Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. 2021).
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(c)(1)(b) — 5 cases
State of New Jersey v. Jerome L. Faucette, 108 A.3d 2 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2015).
State of New Jersey Vs. Kawon Robinson (17-11-0775, Hudson Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2018).
State of New Jersey Vs. Ali S. Morgano (88-10-3334, Essex Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2018).
State of New Jersey v. Ansumani Kamara (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2024).
State of New Jersey in the Interest of M.G. (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2024).
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(c)(1)(c) — 9 cases
State v. Jackson, 976 P.2d 1229 (Wash. 1999).
State v. Jackson, 944 P.2d 403 (Wash. Ct. App. 1997).
State v. Raquel Ramirez State v. Jorge Orozco (083902) (Union Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. 2021).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(c)(2) — 4 cases
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State of New Jersey Vs. Raquel Ramirez State of New Jersey Vs. Jorge Orozco (14-07-0599, Union Cnty. & Statewide) (record Impounded) (Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2019).
State v. Raquel Ramirez State v. Jorge Orozco (083902) (Union Cnty. & Statewide) (N.J. 2021).
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(e) — 1 case
State v. Ingram, 951 A.2d 1000 (N.J. 2008). “See generally N.J.S.A 2C:2-6(e) (defining accomplice); N.”
— N.J. Stat. § 2C:2-6(f) — 2 cases
Oleg Shtutman Vs. Brian Patrick Carr (l-0638-12, Burlington Cnty. & Statewide)(Consol.) (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2017).
State of New Jersey v. Rashad A. Zeigler (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2025).
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