N.M. Stat. § 3-24-1 (2026)

certain municipalities may acquire by contract or condemnation.
     A. Any municipality may, by ordinance, acquire, operate and maintain an electric
utility for the generation and distribution of electricity to persons residing within its
service area. The service area of a municipality includes:

       (1)    territory within the municipality;

       (2)     territory within five miles of the boundary of the municipality in the case of
any municipality heretofore acquiring or operating any municipal electric utility or part
thereof in the territory within five miles of the boundary of the municipality;

      (3)    the sale of electricity to the United States government, the state of New
Mexico or any department or agency of these governments; and

       (4)    as further provided in Section 3-24-8 NMSA 1978.

   B. No municipality may sell electric power and energy on a retail basis except as
provided in Subsection A of this section.

   C. The acquisition of any electric utility facility beyond the municipal boundary shall
be financed only by the sale of revenue bonds.

    D. Any municipality that owns a generating facility or an interest in a jointly owned
generating facility may sell surplus electric power and energy on a wholesale basis
either within or outside its service area. Any contract or agreement to sell surplus
electric power and energy may be entered into on a public bid basis, a competitive basis
or a negotiated basis, as the municipality may determine; provided, however, that
subject to the sale or other interchange of power and energy with a joint participant or a
co-member of a power pool necessary or convenient to the economical operation of a
generating facility or a jointly owned generating facility or contractual requirements of a
power pool in which the municipality is a member, such surplus electric power and
energy shall be subject to a preference right to purchase by:

       (1)    first, municipalities that own electric facilities on July 1, 1979;

      (2)    second, public electric utilities, investor-owned utilities and electric
cooperatives subject to general or limited regulation by the New Mexico public utility
commission and the United States of America or any of its departments or agencies;
and

       (3)    any other person or entity.

   E. Municipalities located within a class A county and having a population of more
than sixty thousand, but less than one hundred thousand according to the 1990 federal
decennial census, may acquire, maintain, contract for and condemn for use as a
municipal utility privately owned electric facilities used or to be used for the furnishing
and supply of electricity to the municipality or inhabitants within its service area. The
service area of a municipality authorized to acquire, maintain, contract for or condemn
private facilities pursuant to this subsection includes customers located in:

       (1)    territory within the municipality;

       (2)     territory within five miles of the boundary of the municipality in the case of
any municipality heretofore acquiring or operating any municipal electric utility or part
thereof in the territory within five miles of the boundary of the municipality;

      (3)   United States government-owned installations, the state or any
department or agency of these governments; and

       (4)    as further provided in Section 3-24-8 NMSA 1978.

  F. A municipality that acquires, maintains, contracts for or condemns privately
owned electric facilities for use as a municipal utility pursuant to the provisions of
Subsection E of this section shall:

       (1)    not use revenues earned from the electric facilities for any purposes other
than those directly related to the furnishing and supply of electricity to the municipality or
inhabitants within the service area;

       (2)    not restrict use of the electric facilities or distribution system to any person
authorized to use the facilities or distribution system pursuant to state law; and

       (3)    adopt a shared payment policy for line extensions, with public input, that is
fair and equitable, requiring reasonable contributions from the persons who will directly
benefit from the line extension and not imposing an unreasonable burden on the
municipality or inhabitants within the service area that do not directly benefit from the
line extension.

   G. Condemnation authorized in this section shall be conducted in the manner of
proceedings provided by the Eminent Domain Code [42A-1-1 to 42A-1-33 NMSA 1978].

History: 1953 Comp., § 14-23-1, enacted by Laws 1965, ch. 300; 1979, ch. 260, § 4;
1993, ch. 282, § 5; 1997, ch. 228, § 2.

                                      ANNOTATIONS

Cross references. — For revenue bonds, see 3-31-1 NMSA 1978 et seq.

For Tort Claims Act, see 41-4-1 NMSA 1978 et seq.

For excavation damage to pipelines and underground utility lines, see 62-14-1 NMSA
1978 et seq.
The 1997 amendment, effective April 11, 1997, added "certain municipalities may
acquire by contract or condemnation" at the end of the section heading, and added
Subsections E, F and G.

The 1993 amendment, effective June 18, 1993, deleted "in conformity with the
provisions of Chapter 132, New Mexico Laws, 1845, or as subsequently amended" at
the end of Paragraph A(2); in Subsection D, made a stylistic change in Paragraph (1)
and substituted "New Mexico public utility commission" for "New Mexico public service
commission" in Paragraph (2).

Constitutionality of limiting municipal electric system's right to serve area. —
Where the legislature limits a municipal electric system's right to serve in an area, that
legislative limitation does not constitute an unconstitutional exclusive franchise in
violation of N.M. Const., art. IV, § 26. Springer Elec. Coop. v. City of Raton, 1983-
NMSC-036, 99 N.M. 625, 661 P.2d 1324.

Municipality to yield to rural cooperative's project outside municipal boundary. —
This section and 3-24-7 NMSA 1978 require that a municipality shall yield to a rural
cooperative's project which rightfully extends lines or service to an area referred to in
Subsection A(2). Springer Elec. Coop. v. City of Raton, 1983-NMSC-036, 99 N.M. 625,
661 P.2d 1324.

Prior condemnation law superseded by 1997 amendment. — A question certified to
the Supreme Court as to the authority of a municipality to condemn a portion of the
property of an electric utility, when the property was already devoted to public use, was
rendered moot by the 1997 amendment of this section. City of Las Cruces v. El Paso
Elec. Co., 1998-NMSC-006, 124 N.M. 640, 954 P.2d 72.

Section not authority for condemnation. — The language of this section, specifically
the word "acquire" in Subsection A, does not provide statutory authority to permit a
municipality to condemn an existing public electric utility system. City of Las Cruces v.
El Paso Elec. Co., 904 F. Supp. 1238 (D.N.M. 1995).

Am. Jur. 2d, A.L.R. and C.J.S. references. — 56 Am. Jur. 2d Municipal Corporations,
Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions §§ 567 to 578.

Electric light plant as public utility which city may purchase or construct, 9 A.L.R. 1034,
35 A.L.R. 592.

Liability of municipal corporation for injury or death occurring from defects in, or
negligence in construction, operation or maintenance of its electric street-lighting
equipment, apparatus and the like, 19 A.L.R.2d 344.

Liability of electric power or light company to patron for interruption, failure or
inadequacy of power, 4 A.L.R.3d 594.
Liability of electric utility to nonpatron for interruption or failure of power, 54 A.L.R.4th
667.

Debtor's protection under 11 USCS § 366 against utility service cutoff, 83 A.L.R. Fed.
207.

63 C.J.S. Municipal Corporations § 1052.