N.Y. Uniform Commercial Code § 8-201 (2026)

Section 8--201. Issuer.
  (a) With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an
"issuer" includes a person that:
       (1) places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security
           certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar,
           transfer agent, or the like, to evidence a share,
           participation, or other interest in its property or in an
           enterprise, or to evidence its duty to perform an obligation
           represented by the certificate;
       (2) creates a share, participation, or other interest in its
           property or in an enterprise, or undertakes an obligation,
           that is an uncertificated security;
       (3) directly or indirectly creates a fractional interest in its
           rights or property, if the fractional interest is represented
           by a security certificate; or
       (4) becomes responsible for, or in place of, another person
           described as an issuer in this section.
  (b) With respect to an obligation on or defense to a security, a
guarantor is an issuer to the extent of its guaranty, whether or not its
obligation is noted on a security certificate.
  (c) With respect to a registration of a transfer, issuer means a
person on whose behalf transfer books are maintained.