Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes

26 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1105 (2026)

 Evidence generally.

✓ current as of May 2026
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§ 1105.  Evidence generally.

At the hearing before the viewers or at the trial in court on appeal:

(1)  A qualified valuation expert may, on direct or cross-examination, state any or all facts and data which the expert considered in arriving at an opinion, whether or not the expert has personal knowledge of the facts and data, and a statement of the facts and data and the sources of information shall be subject to impeachment and rebuttal.

(2)  A qualified valuation expert may, on direct or cross-examination, testify in detail as to the valuation of the property on a comparable market value, reproduction cost or capitalization basis, which testimony may include, but shall not be limited to, the following:

(i)  The price and other terms of any sale or contract to sell the condemned property or comparable property made within a reasonable time before or after the date of condemnation.

(ii)  The rent reserved and other terms of any lease of the condemned property or comparable property which was in effect within a reasonable time before or after the date of condemnation.

(iii)  The capitalization of the net rental or reasonable net rental value of the condemned property, including reasonable net rental values customarily determined by a percentage or other measurable portion of gross sales or gross income of a business which may reasonably be conducted on the premises, as distinguished from the capitalized value of the income or profits attributable to any business conducted on the premises of the condemned property.

(iv)  The value of the land together with the cost of replacing or reproducing the existing improvements less depreciation or obsolescence.

(v)  The cost of adjustments and alterations to any remaining property made necessary or reasonably required by the condemnation.

(3)  Either party may show the difference between the condition of the property and of the immediate neighborhood at the time of condemnation and at the time of view, either by the viewers or jury.

(4)  The assessed valuations of property condemned shall not be admissible in evidence for any purpose.

(5)  A qualified valuation expert may testify that the expert has relied upon the written report of another expert as to the cost of adjustments and alterations to any remaining property made necessary or reasonably required by the condemnation, but only if a copy of the written report has been furnished to the opposing party ten days in advance of the trial.

(6)  If otherwise qualified, a valuation expert shall not be disqualified by reason of not having made sales of property or not having examined the condemned property prior to the condemnation if the expert can show he has acquired knowledge of its condition at the time of the condemnation.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 10 cases (6 in the last 5 years), 2010–2023 · leading case: Lower Makefield Twp. v. Lands of Chester Dalgewicz, 67 A.3d 772 (Pa. 2013).
Lower Makefield Twp. v. Lands of Chester Dalgewicz, 67 A.3d 772 (Pa. 2013). · cites it 5× “Dalgewicz, at 1118 (referencing 26 Pa. C.S. § 1105).”
In Re: Condemnation by the PA Tpk. Comm'n of Prop. Located in the Twp. of Bensalem, Bucks Cnty. v. The Lands of L. Tarlini & L. Tarlini, h/w Appeal of: PA Tpk. Comm'n, 185 A.3d 1177 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2018). · cites it 3× “26 Pa.C.S. § 1105. However, "[t]he determination of whether a witness is a 'qualified valuation expert' is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court.”
Lower Makefield Twp. v. Lands of Dalgewicz, 4 A.3d 1114 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2010). · cites it 3× “” 26 Pa.C.S. § 1105 (Emphasis added). It is within the trial court’s discretion to admit an agreement of sale for the subject property, executed either before or after the taking, as evidence of a comparable sale where the court finds the agreement probative and relevant to…”
Vestmont Ltd. P'ship v. DOT (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2023). · cites it 6× “at 7-8, we may affirm on any grounds 24 We add that Vestmont’s argument seemingly runs afoul of 26 Pa.C.S. § 1105 and Dalgewicz. Initially, we acknowledge that the parties did not cite or otherwise discuss 26 Pa.”
In Re: Condemnation by the Redevelopment Auth. of the City of York Appropriating in Fee Simple Certain Lands of J.E. & J.E. Gearhart (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2018). · cites it 5× “) 8 admissible pursuant to Section 1105(2)(i) of the Eminent Domain Code, 26 Pa. C.S. § 1105(2)(i), as a contract to sell the Property entered into within a reasonable time after the date of the condemnation.”
R. Miller & M.L. Miller v. The Borough of Indian Lake (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2021). · cites it 4× “26 Pa. C.S. §1105(1)-(2)(i) (emphasis added).”
G.D. Wolfe & M.O. Wolfe, h&w v. Reading Blue Mtn. & N. RR Co. (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2022). · cites it 2× “11 RBMN contends that the Wolfes failed to meet their burden because the only evidence of the Properties’ value was as provided by the Tax Office, and pursuant to Section 1105(4) of the Code, 26 Pa.C.S. § 1105(4), such evidence is explicitly inadmissible.”
Tank Car Corp. of Am. v. Springfield Twp. (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2023). · cites it 2× “See 26 Pa. C.S. § 1105(1) (“A qualified valuation expert may, on direct or cross-examination, state any or all facts and data which the expert considered in arriving at an opinion, whether or not the expert has personal knowledge of the facts and data, and a statement of the…”
Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Co., LLC v. PERMANENT EASEMENTS FOR (M.D. Penn. 2023). · cites it 2× “91 See 26 Pa. C.S. § 1105(2)(iii) (providing that a valuation expert’s testimony may consider “[t]he capitalization of the net rental or reasonable net rental value of the condemned property, including reasonable net rental values customarily determined by a percentage or other…”
UGI Sunbury LLC v. A Permanent Easement (M.D. Penn. 2021). “100 26 Pa.C.S. § 1105(2). 101 Doc. 143 at 11.”
— 26 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1105(1) — 4 cases
Lower Makefield Twp. v. Lands of Chester Dalgewicz, 67 A.3d 772 (Pa. 2013). “Dalgewicz, at 1118 (referencing 26 Pa. C.S. § 1105).”
In Re: Condemnation by the PA Tpk. Comm'n of Prop. Located in the Twp. of Bensalem, Bucks Cnty. v. The Lands of L. Tarlini & L. Tarlini, h/w Appeal of: PA Tpk. Comm'n, 185 A.3d 1177 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2018). “26 Pa.C.S. § 1105. However, "[t]he determination of whether a witness is a 'qualified valuation expert' is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court.”
R. Miller & M.L. Miller v. The Borough of Indian Lake (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2021). “26 Pa. C.S. §1105(1)-(2)(i) (emphasis added).”
Tank Car Corp. of Am. v. Springfield Twp. (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2023). “See 26 Pa. C.S. § 1105(1) (“A qualified valuation expert may, on direct or cross-examination, state any or all facts and data which the expert considered in arriving at an opinion, whether or not the expert has personal knowledge of the facts and data, and a statement of the…”
— 26 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1105(2) — 2 cases
Tank Car Corp. of Am. v. Springfield Twp. (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2023). “See 26 Pa. C.S. § 1105(1) (“A qualified valuation expert may, on direct or cross-examination, state any or all facts and data which the expert considered in arriving at an opinion, whether or not the expert has personal knowledge of the facts and data, and a statement of the…”
UGI Sunbury LLC v. A Permanent Easement (M.D. Penn. 2021). “100 26 Pa.C.S. § 1105(2). 101 Doc. 143 at 11.”
— 26 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1105(2)(i) — 2 cases
In Re: Condemnation by the Redevelopment Auth. of the City of York Appropriating in Fee Simple Certain Lands of J.E. & J.E. Gearhart (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2018). “) 8 admissible pursuant to Section 1105(2)(i) of the Eminent Domain Code, 26 Pa. C.S. § 1105(2)(i), as a contract to sell the Property entered into within a reasonable time after the date of the condemnation.”
R. Miller & M.L. Miller v. The Borough of Indian Lake (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2021). “26 Pa. C.S. §1105(1)-(2)(i) (emphasis added).”
— 26 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1105(2)(iii) — 1 case
Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Co., LLC v. PERMANENT EASEMENTS FOR (M.D. Penn. 2023). “91 See 26 Pa. C.S. § 1105(2)(iii) (providing that a valuation expert’s testimony may consider “[t]he capitalization of the net rental or reasonable net rental value of the condemned property, including reasonable net rental values customarily determined by a percentage or other…”
— 26 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1105(2)(v) — 1 case
Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Co., LLC v. PERMANENT EASEMENTS FOR (M.D. Penn. 2023). “91 See 26 Pa. C.S. § 1105(2)(iii) (providing that a valuation expert’s testimony may consider “[t]he capitalization of the net rental or reasonable net rental value of the condemned property, including reasonable net rental values customarily determined by a percentage or other…”
— 26 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1105(4) — 1 case
G.D. Wolfe & M.O. Wolfe, h&w v. Reading Blue Mtn. & N. RR Co. (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2022). “11 RBMN contends that the Wolfes failed to meet their burden because the only evidence of the Properties’ value was as provided by the Tax Office, and pursuant to Section 1105(4) of the Code, 26 Pa.C.S. § 1105(4), such evidence is explicitly inadmissible.”
— 26 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1105(l) — 1 case
Lower Makefield Twp. v. Lands of Chester Dalgewicz, 67 A.3d 772 (Pa. 2013). “Dalgewicz, at 1118 (referencing 26 Pa. C.S. § 1105).”
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