U.S. Code » Title 15 » Chapter CHAPTER 41— CONSUMER CREDIT PROTECTION › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER II–A— CREDIT REPAIR ORGANIZATIONS

15 U.S.C. § 1679h

Administrative enforcement

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(a) In general

Compliance with the requirements imposed under this subchapter with respect to credit repair organizations shall be enforced under the Federal Trade Commission Act [15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.] by the Federal Trade Commission.

(b) Violations of this subchapter treated as violations of Federal Trade Commission Act(1) In general

For the purpose of the exercise by the Federal Trade Commission of the Commission’s functions and powers under the Federal Trade Commission Act [15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.], any violation of any requirement or prohibition imposed under this subchapter with respect to credit repair organizations shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act [15 U.S.C. 45(a)].

(2) Enforcement authority under other lawAll functions and powers of the Federal Trade Commission under the Federal Trade Commission Act shall be available to the Commission to enforce compliance with this subchapter by any person subject to enforcement by the Federal Trade Commission pursuant to this subsection, including the power to enforce the provisions of this subchapter in the same manner as if the violation had been a violation of any Federal Trade Commission trade regulation rule, without regard to whether the credit repair organization—(A) is engaged in commerce; or(B) meets any other jurisdictional tests in the Federal Trade Commission Act.(c) State action for violations(1) Authority of StatesIn addition to such other remedies as are provided under State law, whenever the chief law enforcement officer of a State, or an official or agency designated by a State, has reason to believe that any person has violated or is violating this subchapter, the State—(A) may bring an action to enjoin such violation;(B) may bring an action on behalf of its residents to recover damages for which the person is liable to such residents under section 1679g of this title as a result of the violation; and(C) in the case of any successful action under subparagraph (A) or (B), shall be awarded the costs of the action and reasonable attorney fees as determined by the court.(2) Rights of Commission(A) Notice to Commission

The State shall serve prior written notice of any civil action under paragraph (1) upon the Federal Trade Commission and provide the Commission with a copy of its complaint, except in any case where such prior notice is not feasible, in which case the State shall serve such notice immediately upon instituting such action.

(B) InterventionThe Commission shall have the right—(i) to intervene in any action referred to in subparagraph (A);(ii) upon so intervening, to be heard on all matters arising in the action; and(iii) to file petitions for appeal.(3) Investigatory powers

For purposes of bringing any action under this subsection, nothing in this subsection shall prevent the chief law enforcement officer, or an official or agency designated by a State, from exercising the powers conferred on the chief law enforcement officer or such official by the laws of such State to conduct investigations or to administer oaths or affirmations or to compel the attendance of witnesses or the production of documentary and other evidence.

(4) Limitation

Whenever the Federal Trade Commission has instituted a civil action for violation of this subchapter, no State may, during the pendency of such action, bring an action under this section against any defendant named in the complaint of the Commission for any violation of this subchapter that is alleged in that complaint.

(Pub. L. 90–321, title IV, § 410, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2451, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–460.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

The Federal Trade Commission Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), is act Sept. 26, 1914, ch. 311, 38 Stat. 717, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 41 et seq.) of chapter 2 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 58 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date

Section applicable after the end of the 6-month period beginning on Sept. 30, 1996, except with respect to contracts entered into by a credit repair organization before the end of such period, see section 413 of Pub. L. 90–321, as added by Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 1679 of this title.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 12 cases (3 in the last 5 years), 2001–2025 · leading case: Gay v. CreditInform, 511 F.3d 369 (3rd Cir. 2007).
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Gay v. CreditInform, 511 F.3d 369 (3rd Cir. 2007). · cites it 3× “” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a). In particular, section 1679h(b)(l) states that “any violation of any requirement or prohibition imposed under this subchapter with respect to credit repair organizations shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of…”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. Keith H. Gill Richard Murkey, 265 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2001). · cites it 3× “15 U.S.C. § 1679h. We have held that restitution is a form of ancillary relief available to the court in these circumstances to effect complete justice.”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. RCA Credit Servs., LLC, 727 F. Supp. 2d 1320 (M.D. Fla. 2010). · cites it 4× “Pursuant to Section 410(a) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act (the “CROA”), 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a), the FTC also has the authority to enforce provisions of the CROA relating to credit repair organizations.”
Hillis v. Equifax Consum. Servs., Inc., 237 F.R.D. 491 (N.D. Ga. 2006). “See 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a). In a letter dated July 1, 2005, to U.”
United States v. Cornerstone Wealth Corp., Inc., 549 F. Supp. 2d 811 (N.D. Tex. 2008). · cites it 3× “]” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a) (§ 410(a) of CROA) commits to the FTC the authority to enforce the provisions of CROA.”
Zimmermann v. Cambridge Credit Counseling Corp., 529 F. Supp. 2d 254 (D. Mass. 2008). “§ 1679 (b)(2); 15 U.S.C. § 1679h. Therefore Defendants’ noncompliance with CROA’s provisions makes them per se liable under Chapter 93A.”
Colorado Ex Rel. Salazar v. Jensen (In Re Jensen), 395 B.R. 472 (Bankr.D. Colo. 2008). “5; 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(c). The State also has the power to require a credit service organization to file a statement under oath concerning its business practices.”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. Stephen Lalonde, 545 F. App'x 825 (11th Cir. 2013). “15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b)(l). Section 5(a) of the FTC Act provides in pertinent part that “deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce” are unlawful.”
Gay v. CreditInform (3rd Cir. 2007). · cites it 3× “” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a). In particular, section 1679h(b)(1) states that “any violation of any requirement or prohibition imposed under this subchapter with respect to credit repair organizations shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of…”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. Finacial Educ. Servs., Inc (E.D. Mich. 2023). “34-46, ¶¶ 75-117). The CROA provides that any violation of the statute “shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act.”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. Finacial Educ. Servs., Inc (E.D. Mich. 2023). “See 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b)(1) (stating that CROA violations “shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act.”
United States v. Turbo Solutions Inc. (S.D. Tex. 2025). “” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b)(2). 16 Defendants to have violated the TSR and CROA through, among other things, collecting illegal advanced fees and making false statements to consumers regarding their credit repair services.”
— 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a) — 5 cases
Gay v. CreditInform, 511 F.3d 369 (3rd Cir. 2007). “” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a). In particular, section 1679h(b)(l) states that “any violation of any requirement or prohibition imposed under this subchapter with respect to credit repair organizations shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of…”
Hillis v. Equifax Consum. Servs., Inc., 237 F.R.D. 491 (N.D. Ga. 2006). “See 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a). In a letter dated July 1, 2005, to U.”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. RCA Credit Servs., LLC, 727 F. Supp. 2d 1320 (M.D. Fla. 2010). “Pursuant to Section 410(a) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act (the “CROA”), 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a), the FTC also has the authority to enforce provisions of the CROA relating to credit repair organizations.”
United States v. Cornerstone Wealth Corp., Inc., 549 F. Supp. 2d 811 (N.D. Tex. 2008). “]” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a) (§ 410(a) of CROA) commits to the FTC the authority to enforce the provisions of CROA.”
Gay v. CreditInform (3rd Cir. 2007). “” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a). In particular, section 1679h(b)(1) states that “any violation of any requirement or prohibition imposed under this subchapter with respect to credit repair organizations shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of…”
— 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b) — 2 cases
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. Keith H. Gill Richard Murkey, 265 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2001). “15 U.S.C. § 1679h. We have held that restitution is a form of ancillary relief available to the court in these circumstances to effect complete justice.”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. RCA Credit Servs., LLC, 727 F. Supp. 2d 1320 (M.D. Fla. 2010). “Pursuant to Section 410(a) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act (the “CROA”), 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a), the FTC also has the authority to enforce provisions of the CROA relating to credit repair organizations.”
— 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b)(1) — 4 cases
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. RCA Credit Servs., LLC, 727 F. Supp. 2d 1320 (M.D. Fla. 2010). “Pursuant to Section 410(a) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act (the “CROA”), 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a), the FTC also has the authority to enforce provisions of the CROA relating to credit repair organizations.”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. Finacial Educ. Servs., Inc (E.D. Mich. 2023). “34-46, ¶¶ 75-117). The CROA provides that any violation of the statute “shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act.”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. Finacial Educ. Servs., Inc (E.D. Mich. 2023). “See 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b)(1) (stating that CROA violations “shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act.”
Gay v. CreditInform (3rd Cir. 2007). “” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a). In particular, section 1679h(b)(1) states that “any violation of any requirement or prohibition imposed under this subchapter with respect to credit repair organizations shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of…”
— 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b)(2) — 2 cases
United States v. Cornerstone Wealth Corp., Inc., 549 F. Supp. 2d 811 (N.D. Tex. 2008). “]” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a) (§ 410(a) of CROA) commits to the FTC the authority to enforce the provisions of CROA.”
United States v. Turbo Solutions Inc. (S.D. Tex. 2025). “” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b)(2). 16 Defendants to have violated the TSR and CROA through, among other things, collecting illegal advanced fees and making false statements to consumers regarding their credit repair services.”
— 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b)(l) — 5 cases
Gay v. CreditInform, 511 F.3d 369 (3rd Cir. 2007). “” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a). In particular, section 1679h(b)(l) states that “any violation of any requirement or prohibition imposed under this subchapter with respect to credit repair organizations shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of…”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. Keith H. Gill Richard Murkey, 265 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2001). “15 U.S.C. § 1679h. We have held that restitution is a form of ancillary relief available to the court in these circumstances to effect complete justice.”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. RCA Credit Servs., LLC, 727 F. Supp. 2d 1320 (M.D. Fla. 2010). “Pursuant to Section 410(a) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act (the “CROA”), 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a), the FTC also has the authority to enforce provisions of the CROA relating to credit repair organizations.”
Fed. Trade Comm'n v. Stephen Lalonde, 545 F. App'x 825 (11th Cir. 2013). “15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b)(l). Section 5(a) of the FTC Act provides in pertinent part that “deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce” are unlawful.”
United States v. Cornerstone Wealth Corp., Inc., 549 F. Supp. 2d 811 (N.D. Tex. 2008). “]” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a) (§ 410(a) of CROA) commits to the FTC the authority to enforce the provisions of CROA.”
— 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(c) — 3 cases
Gay v. CreditInform, 511 F.3d 369 (3rd Cir. 2007). “” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a). In particular, section 1679h(b)(l) states that “any violation of any requirement or prohibition imposed under this subchapter with respect to credit repair organizations shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of…”
Colorado Ex Rel. Salazar v. Jensen (In Re Jensen), 395 B.R. 472 (Bankr.D. Colo. 2008). “5; 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(c). The State also has the power to require a credit service organization to file a statement under oath concerning its business practices.”
Gay v. CreditInform (3rd Cir. 2007). “” 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(a). In particular, section 1679h(b)(1) states that “any violation of any requirement or prohibition imposed under this subchapter with respect to credit repair organizations shall constitute an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of…”
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