15 U.S.C. § 7244

Insider trades during pension fund blackout periods

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(a) Prohibition of insider trading during pension fund blackout periods(1) In general

Except to the extent otherwise provided by rule of the Commission pursuant to paragraph (3), it shall be unlawful for any director or executive officer of an issuer of any equity security (other than an exempted security), directly or indirectly, to purchase, sell, or otherwise acquire or transfer any equity security of the issuer (other than an exempted security) during any blackout period with respect to such equity security if such director or officer acquires such equity security in connection with his or her service or employment as a director or executive officer.

(2) Remedy(A) In general

Any profit realized by a director or executive officer referred to in paragraph (1) from any purchase, sale, or other acquisition or transfer in violation of this subsection shall inure to and be recoverable by the issuer, irrespective of any intention on the part of such director or executive officer in entering into the transaction.

(B) Actions to recover profits

An action to recover profits in accordance with this subsection may be instituted at law or in equity in any court of competent jurisdiction by the issuer, or by the owner of any security of the issuer in the name and in behalf of the issuer if the issuer fails or refuses to bring such action within 60 days after the date of request, or fails diligently to prosecute the action thereafter, except that no such suit shall be brought more than 2 years after the date on which such profit was realized.

(3) Rulemaking authorized

The Commission shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, issue rules to clarify the application of this subsection and to prevent evasion thereof. Such rules shall provide for the application of the requirements of paragraph (1) with respect to entities treated as a single employer with respect to an issuer under section 414(b), (c), (m), or (o) of title 26 to the extent necessary to clarify the application of such requirements and to prevent evasion thereof. Such rules may also provide for appropriate exceptions from the requirements of this subsection, including exceptions for purchases pursuant to an automatic dividend reinvestment program or purchases or sales made pursuant to an advance election.

(4) Blackout periodFor purposes of this subsection, the term “blackout period”, with respect to the equity securities of any issuer—(A) means any period of more than 3 consecutive business days during which the ability of not fewer than 50 percent of the participants or beneficiaries under all individual account plans maintained by the issuer to purchase, sell, or otherwise acquire or transfer an interest in any equity of such issuer held in such an individual account plan is temporarily suspended by the issuer or by a fiduciary of the plan; and(B) does not include, under regulations which shall be prescribed by the Commission—(i) a regularly scheduled period in which the participants and beneficiaries may not purchase, sell, or otherwise acquire or transfer an interest in any equity of such issuer, if such period is—(I) incorporated into the individual account plan; and(II) timely disclosed to employees before becoming participants under the individual account plan or as a subsequent amendment to the plan; or(ii) any suspension described in subparagraph (A) that is imposed solely in connection with persons becoming participants or beneficiaries, or ceasing to be participants or beneficiaries, in an individual account plan by reason of a corporate merger, acquisition, divestiture, or similar transaction involving the plan or plan sponsor.(5) Individual account plan

For purposes of this subsection, the term “individual account plan” has the meaning provided in section 1002(34) of title 29, except that such term shall not include a one-participant retirement plan (within the meaning of section 1021(i)(8)(B) of title 29).

(6) Notice to directors, executive officers, and the Commission

In any case in which a director or executive officer is subject to the requirements of this subsection in connection with a blackout period (as defined in paragraph (4)) with respect to any equity securities, the issuer of such equity securities shall timely notify such director or officer and the Securities and Exchange Commission of such blackout period.

(b) Notice requirements to participants and beneficiaries under ERISA(1) Omitted(2) Issuance of initial guidance and model notice

The Secretary of Labor shall issue initial guidance and a model notice pursuant to section 1021(i)(6) of title 29 not later than January 1, 2003. Not later than 75 days after July 30, 2002, the Secretary shall promulgate interim final rules necessary to carry out the amendments made by this subsection.

(3) Plan amendmentsIf any amendment made by this subsection requires an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after the effective date of this section, if—(A) during the period after such amendment made by this subsection takes effect and before such first plan year, the plan is operated in good faith compliance with the requirements of such amendment made by this subsection, and(B) such plan amendment applies retroactively to the period after such amendment made by this subsection takes effect and before such first plan year.(c) Effective date

The provisions of this section (including the amendments made thereby) shall take effect 180 days after July 30, 2002. Good faith compliance with the requirements of such provisions in advance of the issuance of applicable regulations thereunder shall be treated as compliance with such provisions.

(Pub. L. 107–204, title III, § 306, July 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 779.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

For amendments made by this subsection and this section, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (c), see Codification note below.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 306 of Pub. L. 107–204. Subsec. (b)(1) of section 306 of Pub. L. 107–204 amended section 1021 of Title 29, Labor, and another par. (3) of subsec. (b) amended section 1132 of Title 29.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 13 cases (1 in the last 5 years), 2005–2022 · leading case: In Re Digimarc Corp. Derivative Litig., 549 F.3d 1223 (9th Cir. 2008).

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In Re Digimarc Corp. Derivative Litig., 549 F.3d 1223 (9th Cir. 2008). · cites it 5× “" 15 U.S.C. § 7244 (a)(2)(B) (emphasis added).”

Neer v. Pelino, 389 F. Supp. 2d 648 (E.D. Pa. 2005). · cites it 3× “8 15 U.S.C. § 7244 . If the issuer fails to bring an action to recover profits within sixty days of a request to do so, “[a]n action .”

Diaz v. Davis, 549 F.3d 1223 (9th Cir. 2008). · cites it 5× “” 15 U.S.C. § 7244 (a)(2)(B) (emphasis added).”

Ruotolo v. Fannie Mae, 933 F. Supp. 2d 512 (S.D.N.Y. 2013). “See 15 U.S.C. § 7244 (a)(2)(B) (private right of action to enforce prohibition on certain kinds of insider trading); 18 U.”

Cohen v. Viray Ex Rel. DHB Indus., Inc., 622 F.3d 188 (2d Cir. 2010). “, § 306 expressly creates a private cause of action to recover profits made by officers and directors from insider trading during pension fund blackout periods, 15 U.S.C. § 7244 (a)(2). The inclusion of a specific provision to this effect elsewhere in the statute “ ‘suggests…”

In Re BISYS Grp. Inc. Derivative Action, 396 F. Supp. 2d 463 (S.D.N.Y. 2005). “15 U.S.C. § 7244 (a)(2). Thus, the omission in Section 304 appears to have been quite deliberate.”

In Re Intelligroup Sec. Litig., 468 F. Supp. 2d 670 (D.N.J. 2006). “See 15 U.S.C. § 7244 . Where the legislature creates a private cause of action in one section of a provision but not in another section, the natural inference is that Congress did not intend to create a private right of action under the latter section since: “when Congress…”

Kogan Ex Rel. Ligand Pharm. Inc. v. Robinson, 432 F. Supp. 2d 1075 (S.D. Cal. 2006). “Unlike Section 304, Section 306 expressly creates a private remedy to enforce its terms: [AJn action to recover profits in accordance with this subsection may be instituted at law or in equity in any court of competent jurisdiction by the issuer, or by the owner of any security…”

In Re iBasis, Inc. Derivative Litig., 532 F. Supp. 2d 214 (D. Mass. 2007). “§ 7242 (b); 15 U.S.C. § 7244 (a)(2)(B). As Neer v. Pelino, 389 F.”

Navistar Int'l Corp. v. Deloitte & Touche LLP, 837 F. Supp. 2d 926 (N.D. Ill. 2011). “This would upset a conscious legislative choice Congress made in Sarbanes-Oxley, which grants private rights of action to enforce some of its provisions, see 15 U.S.C. § 7244 (a)(2)(B); 18 U.S.C. § 1514A(b), but not 15 U.”

Ness v. Samson Resources (D.N.D. 2019). “§ 1514A(a) or the provisions of 15 U.S.C. § 7244 (a)(1) (Section 306) that prohibit directors and executive officers from trading during any blackout period equity securities obtained in connection with the providing of their services or employment.”

Kaul v. Intercontinental Exch. (S.D.N.Y. 2022). “One relates to insider trading, see 15 U.S.C. § 7244 (a)(2)(B), and the other relates to whistleblowing, see 18 U.”

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