18 U.S.C. § 1752

Restricted building or grounds

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(a) Whoever—(1) knowingly enters or remains in any restricted building or grounds without lawful authority to do so;(2) knowingly, and with intent to impede or disrupt the orderly conduct of Government business or official functions, engages in disorderly or disruptive conduct in, or within such proximity to, any restricted building or grounds when, or so that, such conduct, in fact, impedes or disrupts the orderly conduct of Government business or official functions;(3) knowingly, and with the intent to impede or disrupt the orderly conduct of Government business or official functions, obstructs or impedes ingress or egress to or from any restricted building or grounds; or 11 So in original. The word “or” probably should not appear.(4) knowingly engages in any act of physical violence against any person or property in any restricted building or grounds; 22 So in original. Probably should be followed by “or”.(5) knowingly and willfully operates an unmanned aircraft system with the intent to knowingly and willfully direct or otherwise cause such unmanned aircraft system to enter or operate within or above a restricted building or grounds;or attempts or conspires to do so, shall be punished as provided in subsection (b).(b) The punishment for a violation of subsection (a) is—(1) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, if—(A) the person, during and in relation to the offense, uses or carries a deadly or dangerous weapon or firearm; or(B) the offense results in significant bodily injury as defined by section 2118(e)(3); and(2) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both, in any other case.(c) In this section—(1) the term “restricted buildings or grounds” means any posted, cordoned off, or otherwise restricted area—(A) of the White House or its grounds, or the Vice President’s official residence or its grounds;(B) of a building or grounds where the President or other person protected by the Secret Service is or will be temporarily visiting; or(C) of a building or grounds so restricted in conjunction with an event designated as a special event of national significance; and(2) the term “other person protected by the Secret Service” means any person whom the United States Secret Service is authorized to protect under section 3056 of this title or by Presidential memorandum, when such person has not declined such protection.(Added Pub. L. 91–644, title V, § 18, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1891; amended Pub. L. 97–308, § 1, Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1451; Pub. L. 98–587, § 3(b), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3112; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 109–177, title VI, § 602(a), (b)(1), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 252; Pub. L. 112–98, § 2, Mar. 8, 2012, 126 Stat. 263; Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title III, § 381, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3320.)Editorial NotesAmendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 115–254 added par. (5).

2012—Pub. L. 112–98 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to unlawful activities on restricted buildings or grounds.

2006—Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(b)(1), substituted “Restricted building or grounds” for “Temporary residences and offices of the President and others” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(A), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “willfully and knowingly to enter or remain in

“(i) any building or grounds designated by the Secretary of the Treasury as temporary residences of the President or other person protected by the Secret Service or as temporary offices of the President and his staff or of any other person protected by the Secret Service, or

“(ii) any posted, cordoned off, or otherwise restricted area of a building or grounds where the President or other person protected by the Secret Service is or will be temporarily visiting,

in violation of the regulations governing ingress or egress thereto:”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(C), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(B), (D), redesignated par. (2) as (3), inserted “willfully, knowingly, and” before “with intent to impede or disrupt”, and substituted “described in paragraph (1) or (2)” for “designated in paragraph (1)”. Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(B), (E), (F), redesignated pars. (3) and (4) as (4) and (5), respectively, and substituted “described in paragraph (1) or (2)” for “designated or enumerated in paragraph (1)” in each par.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(2), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: “Violation of this section, and attempts or conspiracies to commit such violations, shall be punishable by a fine under this title or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both.”

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(3), redesignated subsecs. (e) and (f) as (d) and (e), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (d) which read as follows: “The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized—

“(1) to designate by regulations the buildings and grounds which constitute the temporary residences of the President or other person protected by the Secret Service and the temporary offices of the President and his staff or of any other person protected by the Secret Service, and

“(2) to prescribe regulations governing ingress or egress to such buildings and grounds and to posted, cordoned off, or otherwise restricted areas where the President or other person protected by the Secret Service is or will be temporarily visiting.”

1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–322, which directed the amendment of this section by substituting “under this title” for “not more than $500”, was executed in subsec. (b) by substituting “under this title” for “not exceeding $500” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

1984—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–587 amended subsec. (f) generally, substituting “any person whom the United States Secret Service is authorized to protect under section 3056 of this title when such person has not declined such protection” for “any person authorized by section 3056 of this title or by Public Law 90–331, as amended, to receive the protection of the United States Secret Service when such person has not declined such protection pursuant to section 3056 of this title or pursuant to Public Law 90–331, as amended”.

1982—Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(a), substituted “Temporary residences and offices of the President and others” for “Temporary residence of the President” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(1)(i). Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(b), made one’s presence unlawful at designated temporary residences and temporary offices of any other person protected by the Secret Service.

Subsec. (a)(1)(ii). Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(c), inserted “or other person protected by the Secret Service” after “President”.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(d), authorized regulations for designation of the temporary residences and the temporary offices of any other person protected by the Secret Service.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(e), inserted “or other person protected by the Secret Service” after “President”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(f), added subsec. (f).

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesTransfer of Functions

For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 227 cases (211 in the last 5 years), 1995–2026 · leading case: United States v. Larry Brock, 94 F.4th 39 (D.C. Cir. 2024).

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United States v. Larry Brock, 94 F.4th 39 (D.C. Cir. 2024). · cites it 5× “§ 2 ); misdemeanor entering and remaining in a restricted building or grounds ( 18 U.S.C. § 1752 (a)(1)); misdemeanor disorderly and disruptive conduct in a restricted building or grounds ( 18 U.”

United States v. Warnagiris (D.D.C. 2025). · cites it 586× “§ 5104 (e)(2)(G) 60 days’ home detention 36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation $500 restitution 60 hours’ community service $500 restitution Pert, Rachael 1:21-CR-00139-TNM 18 U.S.C. § 1752 (a)(1) 3 months’ home detention 24 months’ probation 24 months’ probation 100 hours’…”

United States v. Caputo, 201 F. Supp. 3d 65 (D.D.C. 2016). · cites it 6× “The Government charged Joseph Caputo with violating a provision of this law, 18 U.S.C. § 1752 (a)(1), after he hurdled one of the White House’s perimeter fences and triggered a lockdown of the entire White House complex.”

United States v. John Nassif, 97 F.4th 968 (D.C. Cir. 2024). · cites it 5× “The government charged Nassif with four misdemeanor offenses in connection with his conduct on January 6, 2021: entering or remaining in a restricted building in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1752 (a)(1) (Count One); disorderly or disruptive conduct in a restricted building in…”

United States v. Thomas Robertson, 86 F.4th 355 (D.C. Cir. 2023). · cites it 5× “He also was charged with five additional offenses, including three more felony counts: knowingly entering a restricted building when the Vice President was there, while carrying a deadly and dangerous weapon (the large wooden stick), in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1752 (a)(1);…”

United States v. Jeffrey Brown, 125 F.4th 1186 (D.C. Cir. 2025). · cites it 6× “§§ 1512 (c)(2) & 2, against Schwartz; (8) Entering and Remaining in a Restricted Building or Grounds with a Deadly or Dangerous Weapon, 18 U.S.C. § 1752 (a)(1), (b)(1)(A), against Brown, Maly, and Schwartz; (9) Disorderly and Disruptive Conduct in a Restricted Building or…”

United States v. Russell Alford, 89 F.4th 943 (D.C. Cir. 2024). · cites it 4× “Alford was charged with four misdemeanors: entering or remaining in a restricted building in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1752 (a)(1) (Count One); disorderly or disruptive conduct in a restricted building in violation of 18 U.”

United States v. Eric Munchel, 991 F.3d 1273 (D.C. Cir. 2021). “while armed with a dangerous weapon,” in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1752 (a)(1) and (a)(2) and 18 U.”

Blair v. City of Evansville, Ind., 361 F. Supp. 2d 846 (S.D. Ind. 2005). · cites it 9× “In contrast, Defendants aver that the undisputed facts show that the officers had probable cause to arrest Blair for four different offenses: disorderly conduct, resisting or interfering with law enforcement, attempt to resist or interfere with law enforcement and/or violation…”

United States v. James Little, 78 F.4th 453 (D.C. Cir. 2023). · cites it 2× “Little was ultimately arrested and charged with four counts: (1) entering and remaining in a restricted building or grounds in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1752 (a)(1); (2) disorderly and disruptive conduct in a restricted building or grounds in violation of 18 U.”

United States v. Darrell Neely, 124 F.4th 937 (D.C. Cir. 2024). · cites it 6× “He moved to dismiss the counts under 18 U.S.C. § 1752 (a), arguing that the statute did not cover his conduct because the U.”

Jeremy Graber v. Michael Boresky, 59 F.4th 603 (3rd Cir. 2023). · cites it 2× “4 Thereafter, the Assistant to the Special-Agent-in- Charge of the Secret Service in Philadelphia informed Boresky of the arrests and told him that the arrestees were to be charged with violating 18 U.S.C. § 1752 , 3 and that Boresky would serve 2F as the affiant for the…”

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— 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) — 5 cases

United States v. Warnagiris (D.D.C. 2025). “§ 5104 (e)(2)(G) 60 days’ home detention 36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation $500 restitution 60 hours’ community service $500 restitution Pert, Rachael 1:21-CR-00139-TNM 18 U.S.C. § 1752 (a)(1) 3 months’ home detention 24 months’ probation 24 months’ probation 100 hours’…”

United States v. Gieswein (D.D.C. 2021).

United States v. Spencer (D.D.C. 2023).

United States v. Chilcoat (D.D.C. 2024).

United States v. Fuller (D.D.C. 2024).

— 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(2) — 3 cases

United States v. Price (D.D.C. 2023).

United States v. Chansley (D.D.C. 2023).

— 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(4) — 1 case

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