21 U.S.C. § 451

Congressional statement of findings

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Poultry and poultry products are an important source of the Nation’s total supply of food. They are consumed throughout the Nation and the major portion thereof moves in interstate or foreign commerce. It is essential in the public interest that the health and welfare of consumers be protected by assuring that poultry products distributed to them are wholesome, not adulterated, and properly marked, labeled, and packaged. Unwholesome, adulterated, or misbranded poultry products impair the effective regulation of poultry products in interstate or foreign commerce, are injurious to the public welfare, destroy markets for wholesome, not adulterated, and properly labeled and packaged poultry products, and result in sundry losses to poultry producers and processors of poultry and poultry products, as well as injury to consumers. It is hereby found that all articles and poultry which are regulated under this chapter are either in interstate or foreign commerce or substantially affect such commerce, and that regulation by the Secretary of Agriculture and cooperation by the States and other jurisdictions as contemplated by this chapter are appropriate to prevent and eliminate burdens upon such commerce, to effectively regulate such commerce, and to protect the health and welfare of consumers.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 77 cases (23 in the last 5 years), 1964–2026 · leading case: Food & Water Watch, Inc. v. Thomas Vilsack
Food & Water Watch, Inc. v. Thomas Vilsack (2015) cadc · cites it 3× “” 21 U.S.C. § 451 . The PPIA accomplishes this goal, in part, by requiring the Secretary to ensure that inspectors 1 conduct a post-mortem inspection of all poultry processed for human consumption.”
Association Des Éleveurs De Canards Et D'Oies Du Québec v. Becerra (2017) ca9 · cites it 4× “” 21 U.S.C. § 451 ; see Food & Water Watch, Inc.”
Robert Cohen v. Conagra Brands, Inc. (2021) ca9 · cites it 2× “These chicken products are produced by ConAgra and similarly 1 21 U.S.C. §§ 451–473. 2 We GRANT the motion of the National Association of Consumer Advocates, et al.”
La Vigne v. Costco Wholesale Corp. (2018) ilsd · cites it 2× “Specifically, the Poultry Products Inspection Act ("PPIA"), 21 U.S.C. §§ 451 - 72, authorizes regulations relating to the disclosure of the amount of water in canned chicken products.”
Mississippi Poultry Association, Inc. v. Edward R. Madigan, Secretary of the United States Department of Agriculture (1994) ca5 · cites it 4× “See 21 U.S.C. § 451 . 9 . See PPIA, Pub.L. No.”
Association Des Eleveurs De Canards Et D'Oies Du Quebec v. Harris (2013) ca9 “” 21 U.S.C. § 451 . Plaintiffs contend that the PPIA provides a comprehensive set of detailed regulations that includes standards indicating that “ducks will be hand-fed to create foie gras.”
Mississippi Poultry Association, Inc. v. Edward R. Madigan, Secretary of the United States Department of Agriculture (1993) ca5 · cites it 3× “In 21 U.S.C. § 451 , Congress bases the entire PPIA on its finding that “[ujnwholesome, adulterated, or misbranded poultry products” hurt people and destroy markets for poultry.”
Christina Webb v. Trader Joe's Company (2021) ca9 “Congress enacted the PPIA, codified at 21 U.S.C. § 451 , empowering the Secretary of Agriculture to ensure that “poultry products .”
Association Des Eleveurs v. Rob Bonta (2022) ca9 “” 21 U.S.C. § 451 . It authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to prescribe “definitions and standards of identity or 10 ASS’N DES ÉLEVEURS DE CANARDS V.”
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine v. McDonald's Corp. (2010) calctapp · cites it 3× “The Restaurants filed a cross-complaint in October 2008 for a declaration that these potential Proposition 65 warnings were preempted by the federal Poultry Products Inspection Act ( 21 U.S.C. §451 et seq.) (PPIA), because they conflicted with federal policies promoting the…”
Dawkins Ex Rel. Estate of Dawkins v. United States (2002) ncmd · cites it 5× “2 , the FSIS is charged with implementing several Acts of Congress, among them the Poultry Products Inspection Act, 21 U.S.C. § 451 et seq. (“PPIA”). Implementation of the PPIA is one of the “primary regulatory responsibilities” of the FSIS.”
Calabro v. Aniqa Halal Live Poultry Corp. (2011) ca2 “, and the Poultry Products Inspection Act, 21 U.S.C. § 451 et seq. On November 9, 2009, Aniqa filed a notice of removal asserting federal subject-matter jurisdiction on the basis of its third-party claims, thereby removing this action to the United States District Court for the…”
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