42 U.S.C. § 18041

State flexibility in operation and enforcement of Exchanges and related requirements

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(a) Establishment of standards(1) In generalThe Secretary shall, as soon as practicable after March 23, 2010, issue regulations setting standards for meeting the requirements under this title,11 See References in Text note below. and the amendments made by this title,1 with respect to—(A) the establishment and operation of Exchanges (including SHOP Exchanges);(B) the offering of qualified health plans through such Exchanges;(C) the establishment of the reinsurance and risk adjustment programs under part E; and(D) such other requirements as the Secretary determines appropriate.The preceding sentence shall not apply to standards for requirements under subtitles A and C (and the amendments made by such subtitles) for which the Secretary issues regulations under the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.].(2) Consultation

In issuing the regulations under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consult with the National Association of Insurance Commissioners and its members and with health insurance issuers, consumer organizations, and such other individuals as the Secretary selects in a manner designed to ensure balanced representation among interested parties.

(b) State actionEach State that elects, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe, to apply the requirements described in subsection (a) shall, not later than January 1, 2014, adopt and have in effect—(1) the Federal standards established under subsection (a); or(2) a State law or regulation that the Secretary determines implements the standards within the State.(c) Failure to establish Exchange or implement requirements(1) In generalIf—(A) a State is not an electing State under subsection (b); or(B) the Secretary determines, on or before January 1, 2013, that an electing State—(i) will not have any required Exchange operational by January 1, 2014; or(ii) has not taken the actions the Secretary determines necessary to implement—(I) the other requirements set forth in the standards under subsection (a); or(II) the requirements set forth in subtitles A and C and the amendments made by such subtitles;the Secretary shall (directly or through agreement with a not-for-profit entity) establish and operate such Exchange within the State and the Secretary shall take such actions as are necessary to implement such other requirements.(2) Enforcement authority

The provisions of section 2736(b) ¹ of the Public Health Services 22 So in original. Probably should be “Service”. Act [42 U.S.C. 300gg–22(b)] shall apply to the enforcement under paragraph (1) of requirements of subsection (a)(1) (without regard to any limitation on the application of those provisions to group health plans).

(d) No interference with State regulatory authority

Nothing in this title ¹ shall be construed to preempt any State law that does not prevent the application of the provisions of this title.¹

(e) Presumption for certain State-operated Exchanges(1) In general

In the case of a State operating an Exchange before January 1, 2010, and which has insured a percentage of its population not less than the percentage of the population projected to be covered nationally after the implementation of this Act, that seeks to operate an Exchange under this section, the Secretary shall presume that such Exchange meets the standards under this section unless the Secretary determines, after completion of the process established under paragraph (2), that the Exchange does not comply with such standards.

(2) Process

The Secretary shall establish a process to work with a State described in paragraph (1) to provide assistance necessary to assist the State’s Exchange in coming into compliance with the standards for approval under this section.

(Pub. L. 111–148, title I, § 1321, Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 186.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

This title, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (d), is title I of Pub. L. 111–148, Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 130, which enacted this chapter and enacted, amended, and transferred numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.

Subtitles A and C, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (c)(1)(B)(ii)(II), are subtitles A (§§ 1001–1004) and C (§§ 1201–1255), respectively, of title I of Pub. L. 111–148, Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 130, 154. Subtitle A enacted sections 300gg–11 to 300gg–19, 300gg–93, and 300gg–94 of this title, transferred sections 300gg–4 to 300gg–7 and 300gg–13 of this title to sections 300gg–25 to 300gg–28 and 300gg–9 of this title, respectively, amended sections 300gg–11, 300gg–12, and 300gg–21 to 300gg–23 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 300gg–11 of this title. Subtitle C enacted subchapter II of this chapter and sections 300gg to 300gg–2 and 300gg–4 to 300gg–7 of this title, transferred section 300gg of this title to section 300gg–3 of this title, amended sections 300gg–1 and 300gg–4 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 300gg of this title. For complete classification of subtitles A and C to the Code, see Tables.

The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, which is classified generally to chapter 6A (§ 201 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of this title and Tables.

Section 2736 of the Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), was renumbered section 2723 of that Act by Pub. L. 111–148, § 1563(c)(13)(C) (formerly § 1562(c)(13)(C)), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 269, and is classified to section 300gg–22 of this title.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), is Pub. L. 111–148, Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 119, known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 18001 of this title and Tables.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 44 cases (5 in the last 5 years), 2011–2025 · leading case: Melissa Wilson v. Darin Gordon, 822 F.3d 934 (6th Cir. 2016).

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Melissa Wilson v. Darin Gordon, 822 F.3d 934 (6th Cir. 2016). · cites it 4× “Instead, the State points to 42 U.S.C. § 18041 (c)(1), which directs “the Secretary [to] .”

Jacqueline Halbig v. Sylvia Mathews Burwell, 758 F.3d 390 (D.C. Cir. 2014). · cites it 10× “” 42 U.S.C. § 18041 (c)(1). As of today, only fourteen states and the District of Columbia have established Exchanges.”

Nat'l Fed'n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 132 S. Ct. 2566 (2012). · cites it 2× “See 42 U. S. C. §18041 (c)(1). Likewise, knowing that States would not necessarily provide affordable health insurance for aliens lawfully present in the United States—because Medicaid does not require States to provide such coverage—Con- gress extended the availability of the…”

Halbig v. Sebelius, 27 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2014). · cites it 11× “ACA § 1321(c)(1), codified at 42 U.S.C. § 18041 (c)(1); see 45 C.F.R. § 155.”

Gobeille v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 136 S. Ct. 936 (2016). · cites it 2× “42 U. S. C. §18041 (d). This anti-pre- emption provision might prevent any new ACA-created reporting obligations from pre-empting state reporting regimes like Vermont’s, notwithstanding the incorporation of these requirements in the heart of ERISA.”

New Mex. Health Connections, Non-Profit Corp. v. U.S. Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 340 F. Supp. 3d 1112 (D.N.M. 2018). · cites it 8× “" 42 U.S.C. § 18041 (a). When a state establishes a risk adjustment program, it must use "the Federal standards" or "a State law or regulation that the [HHS] Secretary determines implements the standards within the State.”

UnitedHealthcare of New York v. Lacewell, 967 F.3d 82 (2d Cir. 2020). · cites it 8× “See 42 U.S.C. § 18041 (a); id. § 18063. 5 The plaintiffs UnitedHealthcare of New York and Oxford Health Insurance 6 are healthcare insurers in the New York insurance market that expected to 7 receive significant payments in 2017 using the federal risk adjustment program.”

King v. Burwell, 135 S. Ct. 2480 (2015). “" 42 U.S.C. § 18041 (c)(1)(A). The whole point of that provision is to create a federal fallback in case a State chooses not to establish its own Exchange.”

Land of Lincoln Mut. Health Ins. Co. v. United States, 129 Fed. Cl. 81 (Fed. Cl. 2016). · cites it 2× “” 42 U.S.C. § 18041 (c)(1). Health insurance providers wishing to offer insurance coverage on an Exchange can only do so if they offer a “qualified health plan,” which is defined within the Act and the implementing regulations.”

Florida Ex Rel. Attorney Gen. v. United States Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 648 F.3d 1235 (11th Cir. 2011). · cites it 2× “42 U.S.C. § 18041 (c). [33] In defining "essential health benefits," HHS must ensure that the scope of essential health benefits is "equal to the scope of benefits provided under a typical employer plan.”

Hammer v. U.S. Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 905 F.3d 517 (7th Cir. 2018). “2d 640 (1959), and the contrary preemption provision of the Affordable Care Act, 42 U.S.C. § 18041 (d). Beyond whether questions of state or federal law predominate, Congress has already decided, as a policy matter under 28 U.”

Conway v. United States, 997 F.3d 1198 (Fed. Cir. 2021). · cites it 3× “§ 1012 , and the ACA’s nonpreemption provision, 42 U.S.C. § 18041 (d). Because we hold federal law does not preempt under the ordinary preemption framework, we need not address this argument.”

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