42 U.S.C. § 18981

Definitions

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In this subchapter:(1) Board

The term “Board” means the National Science Board.

(2) Director

The term “Director” means the Director of the National Science Foundation.

(3) NSF INCLUDES

The term “NSF INCLUDES” means the initiative carried out under section 19012 of this title.

(4) STEM ecosystem

The term “STEM ecosystem” means a local, regional, or statewide network, consortium, or multi-sector partnership, which may be led or co-led by a nonprofit organizational entity, that is operating in the United States with the goal of supporting participation in STEM study, activities, and career pathways as defined in the CoSTEM Annual Progress Report of 2020 with a broad range of non-Federal partners.

(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title III, § 10302, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1506.)
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 4 cases, 1996–2005 · leading case: Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005).
Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005). “42 U. S. C. § 18981 . The remedy was enforceable in both state and federal courts, and generally depended on proof of the violation of a state law.”
Culberson v. Doan, 125 F. Supp. 2d 252 (S.D. Ohio 2001). “” 42 U.S.C. § 18981 (d)(1). In our April 8, 1999 Order, this Court joined many other federal courts in holding that the VAWA was indeed constitutional, and, therefore, Plaintiffs’ Complaint stated a claim upon which relief could be granted (doc.”
Brzonkala v. Va. Polytechnic & State Univ., 935 F. Supp. 779 (W.D. Va. 1996). “Whether Brzonkala can prove the allegations in her complaint by a preponderance of the evidence is not currently an issue before the Court. Deciding whether a claim is stated against Crawford is unnecessary considering my decision on the constitutionality of VAWA.”
Brzonkala v. Virginia Polytechnic, 935 F. Supp. 772 (W.D. Va. 1996). “, of the Violence Against Women Act, 42 U.S.C. § 18981 (“VAWA”), and of various state laws.”
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