42 U.S.C. § 1981a

Damages in cases of intentional discrimination in employment

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(a) Right of recovery(1) Civil rights

In an action brought by a complaining party under section 706 or 717 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000e–5, 2000e–16] against a respondent who engaged in unlawful intentional discrimination (not an employment practice that is unlawful because of its disparate impact) prohibited under section 703, 704, or 717 of the Act [42 U.S.C. 2000e–2, 2000e–3, 2000e–16], and provided that the complaining party cannot recover under section 1981 of this title, the complaining party may recover compensatory and punitive damages as allowed in subsection (b), in addition to any relief authorized by section 706(g) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, from the respondent.

(2) Disability

In an action brought by a complaining party under the powers, remedies, and procedures set forth in section 706 or 717 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000e–5, 2000e–16] (as provided in section 107(a) of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12117(a)), and section 794a(a)(1) of title 29, respectively) against a respondent who engaged in unlawful intentional discrimination (not an employment practice that is unlawful because of its disparate impact) under section 791 of title 29 and the regulations implementing section 791 of title 29, or who violated the requirements of section 791 of title 29 or the regulations implementing section 791 of title 29 concerning the provision of a reasonable accommodation, or section 102 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12112), or committed a violation of section 102(b)(5) of the Act, against an individual, the complaining party may recover compensatory and punitive damages as allowed in subsection (b), in addition to any relief authorized by section 706(g) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, from the respondent.

(3) Reasonable accommodation and good faith effort

In cases where a discriminatory practice involves the provision of a reasonable accommodation pursuant to section 102(b)(5) of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 [42 U.S.C. 12112(b)(5)] or regulations implementing section 791 of title 29, damages may not be awarded under this section where the covered entity demonstrates good faith efforts, in consultation with the person with the disability who has informed the covered entity that accommodation is needed, to identify and make a reasonable accommodation that would provide such individual with an equally effective opportunity and would not cause an undue hardship on the operation of the business.

(b) Compensatory and punitive damages(1) Determination of punitive damages

A complaining party may recover punitive damages under this section against a respondent (other than a government, government agency or political subdivision) if the complaining party demonstrates that the respondent engaged in a discriminatory practice or discriminatory practices with malice or with reckless indifference to the federally protected rights of an aggrieved individual.

(2) Exclusions from compensatory damages

Compensatory damages awarded under this section shall not include backpay, interest on backpay, or any other type of relief authorized under section 706(g) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000e–5(g)].

(3) LimitationsThe sum of the amount of compensatory damages awarded under this section for future pecuniary losses, emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of enjoyment of life, and other nonpecuniary losses, and the amount of punitive damages awarded under this section, shall not exceed, for each complaining party—(A) in the case of a respondent who has more than 14 and fewer than 101 employees in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, $50,000;(B) in the case of a respondent who has more than 100 and fewer than 201 employees in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, $100,000; and(C) in the case of a respondent who has more than 200 and fewer than 501 employees in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, $200,000; and(D) in the case of a respondent who has more than 500 employees in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, $300,000.(4) Construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the scope of, or the relief available under, section 1981 of this title.

(c) Jury trialIf a complaining party seeks compensatory or punitive damages under this section—(1) any party may demand a trial by jury; and(2) the court shall not inform the jury of the limitations described in subsection (b)(3).(d) DefinitionsAs used in this section:(1) Complaining partyThe term “complaining party” means—(A) in the case of a person seeking to bring an action under subsection (a)(1), the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Attorney General, or a person who may bring an action or proceeding under title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.); or(B) in the case of a person seeking to bring an action under subsection (a)(2), the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Attorney General, a person who may bring an action or proceeding under section 794a(a)(1) of title 29, or a person who may bring an action or proceeding under title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 [42 U.S.C. 12111 et seq.].(2) Discriminatory practice

The term “discriminatory practice” means the discrimination described in paragraph (1), or the discrimination or the violation described in paragraph (2), of subsection (a).

(R.S. § 1977A, as added Pub. L. 102–166, title I, § 102, Nov. 21, 1991, 105 Stat. 1072.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(A), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title VII of the Act is classified generally to subchapter VI (§ 2000e et seq.) of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of this title and Tables.

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(B), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327. Title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 12111 et seq.) of chapter 126 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date

Section effective Nov. 21, 1991, except as otherwise provided, see section 402 of Pub. L. 102–166, set out as an Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note under section 1981 of this title.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 2,582 cases (472 in the last 5 years), 1992–2026 · leading case: Channon v. United Parcel Service, Inc.

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Channon v. United Parcel Service, Inc. (2001) iowa · cites it 23× “Linda Rae Channon appeals from a district court’s posttrial ruling that imposed caps pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1981a on compensatory and punitive damages a jury awarded her against her employer United Parcel Service, Inc.”

Carleen Black v. Pan American Laboratories (2011) ca5 · cites it 20× “3 See 42 U.S.C. § 1981a)(b)(3); TEX. LAB. CODE § 21.”

Salveson v. Douglas County (2001) wis · cites it 23× “Salveson brought a lawsuit against Douglas County and Collyard on June 17, 1996, alleging violations and seeking damages under Title VII as amended by the Civil Rights Act of 1991, 42 U.S.C. § 1981a. She also raised numerous other claims.”

Kolstad v. American Dental Assn. (1999) scotus · cites it 10× “Courts of Appeals, too, have relied on these liability limits in interpreting 42 U. S. C. § 1981a. See, e. g., Dudley v.”

Jin Ku Kim, Appellant/cross-Appellee v. Nash Finch Company, Appellee/cross-Appellant (1997) ca8 · cites it 14× “3d 1431, 1437 (1997) (holding standard of proof for punitive damages under 42 U.S.C. § 1981a is the same as that previously established for punitive damages under 42 U.”

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Waffle House, Inc. (2002) scotus · cites it 6× “1072 , 42 U. S. C. § 1981a (1994 ed.). Baker is not a party to the case.”

Sheila White, Plaintiff-Appellee/cross-Appellant v. Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co., Defendant-Appellant/cros (2004) ca6 · cites it 7× “42 U.S.C. §§ 1981a(b); 2000e-5(g), (k). Although Burlington Northern argues that it made White whole when it granted her back pay, Congress has declared that part of making a Title VII plaintiff whole is compensating her for interest on the back pay, attorney’s fees, and…”

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Boh Bros. Construction Co. (2013) ca5 · cites it 8× “” 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(1). This is a higher standard than the showing necessary for compensatory damages, satisfied in “only a subset of cases involving intentional discrimination.”

West v. Gibson (1999) scotus · cites it 12× “Unlike § 717(b), 42 U. S. C. § 1981a does authorize awards of compensatory damages against the United States.”

Stanley D. Dowd and Richard Brown, Jr. v. United Steelworkers of America, Local No. 286 (2001) ca8 · cites it 11× “§ 1981a(b) provides in relevant part; (3) Limitations The sum of the amount of compensatory damages awarded under this section for future pecuniary losses, emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of enjoyment of life, and other nonpecuniary losses, and the…”

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton (1998) scotus · cites it 4× “1072 , 42 U. S. C. § 1981a; see Keene Corp. v. United States, 508 U.”

Dukes v. Wal-Mart, Inc. (2007) ca9 · cites it 8× “It is unlikely the Congress that approved both Rule 23(b)(2) and 42 U.S.C. § 1981a intended to put discrimination victims to such a choice.”

Show all 2,582 citing cases →

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(1) — 5 cases

Equal Emp't Opportunity Comm'n v. Costco Wholesale Corp. (2018) ca7

Patrick McGinnis v. Kentucky Fried Chicken of California (1994) ca9

EEOC v. Costco Wholesale Corp. (2018) ca7

EEOC v. Costco Wholesale Corporation (2018) ca7

Riesgo v. Heidelberg Harris, Inc. (1997) nhd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(1)(2) — 1 case

Dawson v. Burnett (2009) miwd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(2) — 10 cases

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Fedex Ground Package System, Inc. (2016) pawd

Hernandez v. City of Hartford (1997) ctd

Ostrach v. Regents of the University of California (1997) caed

Schmidt v. Solis (2012) dcd

Passantino v. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. (2000) ca9

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(3) — 9 cases

Kentucky Department of Corrections v. McCullough (2004) ky

Michael J. OLMSTED, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. TACO BELL CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee (1998) ca11

Olmsted v. Emmanuel (2001) fladistctapp

Hall v. Claussen (2001) ca10

ROSADO-SOSTRE v. Turabo Testing, Inc. (2005) prd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(3)(A) — 2 cases

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Grane Healthcare Co. (2014) pawd

Porter v. 1st Choice After School Kare (2021) cod

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(3)(C) — 1 case

Nolasco v. Solaris Paper (2025) vaed

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(3)(D) — 5 cases

Giles v. General Electric Co. (2001) ca5

Michael J. OLMSTED, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. TACO BELL CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee (1998) ca11

Vance v. Union Planters Corp (2002) ca5

Olmsted v. Taco Bell Corporation (1998) ca11

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(3)(b) — 1 case

Knowlton v. Teltrust Phones, Inc. (1999) ca10

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(4) — 1 case

Copley v. Bax Global, Inc. (2000) flsd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(B)(3) — 1 case

Williams v. Pharmacia Opthalmics, Inc. (1996) innd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(B)(3)(A) — 1 case

Dufresne v. J D Fields & Co Inc (2003) ca5

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(C) — 1 case

Rivera v. National Westminster Bank USA (1992) nysd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(a) — 70 cases

Landgraf v. USI Film Products (1994) scotus

Republic of Austria v. Altmann (2004) scotus

Dukes v. Wal-Mart, Inc. (2007) ca9 “It is unlikely the Congress that approved both Rule 23(b)(2) and 42 U.S.C. § 1981a intended to put discrimination victims to such a choice.”

Carleen Black v. Pan American Laboratories (2011) ca5 “3 See 42 U.S.C. § 1981a)(b)(3); TEX. LAB. CODE § 21.”

Lawrence L. Pedigo v. P.A.M. Transport, Inc., American Trucking Associations, Inc., and Arkansas Motor Carriers Associat (1995) ca8

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(a)(1) — 131 cases

Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White (2006) scotus

West v. Gibson (1999) scotus “Unlike § 717(b), 42 U. S. C. § 1981a does authorize awards of compensatory damages against the United States.”

Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders (2004) scotus

Dailey v. North Coast Life Ins. Co. (1996) wash

Equal Emp't Opportunity Comm'n v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc. (2015) scotus

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(a)(1995) — 1 case

Codrington v. Virgin Islands Port Authority (1996) vid

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(a)(2) — 119 cases

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Waffle House, Inc. (2002) scotus “1072 , 42 U. S. C. § 1981a (1994 ed.). Baker is not a party to the case.”

Lawrence L. Pedigo v. P.A.M. Transport, Inc., American Trucking Associations, Inc., and Arkansas Motor Carriers Associat (1995) ca8

Alvarado v. Cajun Operating Co. (2009) ca9

Lane v. Pena (1996) scotus

Tayler Bayer v. Neiman Marcus Group, Inc. (2017) ca9

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(a)(2)(2000) — 1 case

Harris v. Schriro (2009) azd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(a)(2)(3) — 1 case

Nieves v. McDonough (2025) prd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(a)(2)(b) — 1 case

Hernandez v. Texas Department of Human Services (2004) ca5

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(a)(3) — 35 cases

United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. St. Joseph's Hospital, Inc. (2016) ca11

Jane M. Foster v. Time Warner Entertainment Company, L.P. (2001) ca8

Jaclyn Jurach v. Safety Vision, L.L.C. (2016) ca5

Stirlen v. Supercuts, Inc. (1997) calctapp

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Ahmet Yigit Demirelli, Intervenor-Appellee v. Convergys Customer Management Gro (2007) ca8

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(a)(Z) — 1 case

Serrano v. Cintas Corp. (2010) mied

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(a)(i) — 2 cases

Maldonado v. City of Altus, OK. (2006) ca10

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. CRST Van Expedited, Inc. (2009) iand

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(a)(l) — 189 cases

Oden v. Oktibbeha County MS (2001) ca5

Pollard v. E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. (2001) scotus

Carleen Black v. Pan American Laboratories (2011) ca5 “3 See 42 U.S.C. § 1981a)(b)(3); TEX. LAB. CODE § 21.”

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Waffle House, Inc. (2002) scotus “1072 , 42 U. S. C. § 1981a (1994 ed.). Baker is not a party to the case.”

Tayler Bayer v. Neiman Marcus Group, Inc. (2017) ca9

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b) — 112 cases

Carleen Black v. Pan American Laboratories (2011) ca5 “3 See 42 U.S.C. § 1981a)(b)(3); TEX. LAB. CODE § 21.”

Sheila White, Plaintiff-Appellee/cross-Appellant v. Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co., Defendant-Appellant/cros (2004) ca6 “42 U.S.C. §§ 1981a(b); 2000e-5(g), (k). Although Burlington Northern argues that it made White whole when it granted her back pay, Congress has declared that part of making a Title VII plaintiff whole is compensating her for interest on the back pay, attorney’s fees, and…”

Laura Phelan v. Cook County (2006) ca7

U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. ALC Security Investigations, Ltd. (1993) ilnd

Oden v. Oktibbeha County MS (2001) ca5

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(1) — 418 cases

Kolstad v. American Dental Assn. (1999) scotus “Courts of Appeals, too, have relied on these liability limits in interpreting 42 U. S. C. § 1981a. See, e. g., Dudley v.”

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Boh Bros. Construction Co. (2013) ca5 “” 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(1). This is a higher standard than the showing necessary for compensatory damages, satisfied in “only a subset of cases involving intentional discrimination.”

Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (2010) ca9

Thomas v. Wash. Metro. Area Transit Auth. (2018) cadc

Lewis v. Am. Sugar Ref., Inc. (2018) ilsd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(1)(2) — 1 case

Miller v. Hygrade Food Products Corp. (2001) paed

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(2) — 94 cases

Lawrence L. Pedigo v. P.A.M. Transport, Inc., American Trucking Associations, Inc., and Arkansas Motor Carriers Associat (1995) ca8

Julie K. Hertzberg v. Sram Corporation (2001) ca7

Antonio Passaro, Jr. v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2019) ca4

LILLIAN PEBBLES MORRISON v. CIRCUIT CITY STORES, INC., MARK F. SHANKLE, SR. v. PEP BOYS — MANNY, MOE & JACK, INC. (2003) ca6

Lewis v. Am. Sugar Ref., Inc. (2018) ilsd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(3) — 445 cases

Salveson v. Douglas County (2001) wis “Salveson brought a lawsuit against Douglas County and Collyard on June 17, 1996, alleging violations and seeking damages under Title VII as amended by the Civil Rights Act of 1991, 42 U.S.C. § 1981a. She also raised numerous other claims.”

Parrish v. Sollecito (2003) nysd

Channon v. United Parcel Service, Inc. (2001) iowa “Linda Rae Channon appeals from a district court’s posttrial ruling that imposed caps pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1981a on compensatory and punitive damages a jury awarded her against her employer United Parcel Service, Inc.”

Mathiason v. Aquinas Home Health Care, Inc. (2016) ksd

Fantini v. Salem State College (2009) ca1

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(3)(A) — 92 cases

Stanley D. Dowd and Richard Brown, Jr. v. United Steelworkers of America, Local No. 286 (2001) ca8 “§ 1981a(b) provides in relevant part; (3) Limitations The sum of the amount of compensatory damages awarded under this section for future pecuniary losses, emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of enjoyment of life, and other nonpecuniary losses, and the…”

Sheriff v. Midwest Health Partners, P.C. (2010) ca8

Joseph v. HDMJ Restaurant, Inc. (2013) nyed

Fantini v. Salem State College (2009) ca1

Jennifer Farfaras v. Citizens Bank and Trust of Chicago, a Corporation, Robert Michael, George Michael, and Nicholas Tan (2006) ca7

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(3)(B) — 19 cases

Goldsmith v. Bagby Elevator Co., Inc. (2008) ca11

Sandra Spragis Flowers v. Southern Regional Physician Services Inc. (2001) ca5

Steven Weissman, Plaintiff-Appellee-Cross-Appellant v. Dawn Joy Fashions,inc., Defendant-Appellant-Cross-Appellee (2000) ca2

David Pals v. Schepel Buick & Gmc Truck, Inc. (2000) ca7

Alberte v. Anew Health Care Services, Inc. (2000) wis

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(3)(C) — 26 cases

Carleen Black v. Pan American Laboratories (2011) ca5 “3 See 42 U.S.C. § 1981a)(b)(3); TEX. LAB. CODE § 21.”

Danny T. Greenway v. The Buffalo Hilton Hotel, Cross-Appellee (1998) ca2

Medlock v. Ortho Biotech, Inc. (1999) ca10

Graves ex rel. Estate of Graves v. Secretary of the Dept. of Health & Human Services (2013) uscfc

Hamlin v. HAMPTON LUMBER MILLS, INC. (2011) or

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(3)(D) — 190 cases

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Plaintiff-Appellee/ Joseph Carlton, Intervening v. Harbert-Yeargin, Inc., Defen (2001) ca6

Johnson v. Spencer Press of Maine, Inc. (2004) ca1

Theresa Waldo v. Consumers Energy Company (2013) ca6

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(3)(D)(2000) — 1 case

Bennett v. Fairfax County, Va. (2006) vaed

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(3)(a) — 2 cases

Funk v. F & K SUPPLY, INC. (1999) nynd

Farfaras, Jennifer v. Citizens Bank Trust (2006) ca7

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(3)(c) — 2 cases

Rodriguez-Torres v. Caribbean Forms Manufacturer, Inc. (2005) ca1

Barbara R. Jonasson, Jeanne Norgren, Patricia Twohill v. Lutheran Child and Family Services, Doing Business as Lutherbro (1997) ca7

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(4) — 20 cases

Jin Ku Kim, Appellant/cross-Appellee v. Nash Finch Company, Appellee/cross-Appellant (1997) ca8 “3d 1431, 1437 (1997) (holding standard of proof for punitive damages under 42 U.S.C. § 1981a is the same as that previously established for punitive damages under 42 U.”

O'Neal v. Ferguson Construction Co. (2001) ca10

Carole Tomka v. The Seiler Corporation, Daniel Lucey, David Polonsky and Timothy Conroy (1995) ca2

Darrel Smith v. Denise Bray (2012) ca7

Hill v. Airborne Freight Corp. (2002) nyed

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(8)(A) — 1 case

Caudle v. Bristow Optical Co. (2000) ca9

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(8)(D) — 1 case

Peyton, Monica M. v. DiMario, Michael F. (2002) cadc

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(S) — 1 case

Clark v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1995) paed

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(l) — 377 cases

U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Consol Energy, Inc. (2017) ca4

Deters v. Equifax Credit Information Services, Inc. (2000) ca10

Donna Patterson Nicholas Brown, and Michael L. Adams v. P.H.P. Healthcare Corporation Mark Kennedy (1996) ca5

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(l)(1994) — 1 case

Santiago v. City of Vineland (2000) njd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(l)(2) — 1 case

Colindres v. QuietFlex Manufacturing (2006) txsd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(l)(3) — 1 case

Cush-Crawford v. Adchem Corp. (2000) nyed

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(l)(3)(b) — 1 case

Cush-Crawford v. Adchem Corp. (2000) nyed

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b)(l)(D) — 2 cases

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Federal Express Corp. (2005) pamd

Hemmings v. Tidyman's, Inc. (1999) waed

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(c) — 80 cases

St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks (1993) scotus

Landgraf v. USI Film Products (1994) scotus

Michael Nall v. BNSF Railway Company (2019) ca5

Andrea Gogel v. KIA Motors Manufacturing of Georgia, Inc. (2020) ca11

Stan Laber v. Francis J. Harvey, Secretary of the Army (2006) ca4

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(c)(1) — 20 cases

Dukes v. Wal-Mart, Inc. (2007) ca9 “It is unlikely the Congress that approved both Rule 23(b)(2) and 42 U.S.C. § 1981a intended to put discrimination victims to such a choice.”

Alvin Joel TYLER, Plaintiff-Appellee Cross-Appellant, v. BETHLEHEM STEEL CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellant Cross-Appellee (1992) ca2

Claudette Lutz v. Glendale Union High School, District No. 205 Governing Board of Glendale Union High School, District N (2005) ca9

Rembert v. Ryan’s Family Steak Houses, Inc (1999) michctapp

Edwards v. Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC (2005) nyed

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(c)(2) — 24 cases

Tamra Robinson v. First State Community Action A (2019) ca3

Sony BMG Music Entertainment v. Tenenbaum (2011) ca1

Evans v. Avery (1996) ca1

Martini v. Federal National Mortgage Ass'n (1999) cadc

Baker v. John Morrell & Co. (2003) iand

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(c)(l) — 28 cases

Marra v. Philadelphia Housing Authority (2007) ca3

Colleen P. Kramer v. Banc of America Securities, LLC (2004) ca7

Red Mendoza v. Borden, Inc., D.B.A. Borden's Dairy (1999) ca11

Smith v. F.W. Morse Co., Inc. (1996) ca1

Stonehill College v. Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination (2004) mass

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(d)(1) — 2 cases

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Bass Pro Outdoor World, L.L.C. (2016) ca5

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Bass Pro Outdoor World, L.L.C. (2017) ca5

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(d)(1)(A) — 1 case

U.S. EEOC v. W & O, Inc. (2000) ca11

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(d)(1)(B) — 1 case

Ostrach v. Regents of the University of California (1997) caed

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(d)(2) — 2 cases

Jin Ku Kim v. Nash Finch Co. (1997) ca8

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(d)(l) — 1 case

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Bass Pro Outdoor World, L.L.C. (2016) ca5

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(d)(l)(A) — 4 cases

Michael GIBSON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Jesse BROWN, Secretary, Department of Veterans Affairs, Defendant-Appellee (1998) ca7

United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. W&O, Inc. (2000) ca11

Varner v. Illinois State University (1997) ilcd

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. W & O, Inc. (1998) flsd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(d)(l)(B) — 1 case

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Grane Healthcare Co. (2014) pawd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(e) — 7 cases

Vincent DeNOVELLIS, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. Donna E. SHALALA, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Defendant, Appell (1997) ca1

Reid v. Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co. (2001) gand

Zachery v. Texaco Exploration & Production, Inc. (1999) txwd

Gucker v. U.S. Steel Corp. (2016) pawd

Robinson v. Metro-North Commuter Railroad (2001) ca2

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(e)(1) — 6 cases

Tamosaitis v. URS Inc. (2014) ca9

Braverman v. Penobscot Shoe Co. (1994) med

Khandelwal v. Compuadd Corp. (1992) vaed

Dailey v. Societe Generale (1995) nysd

Conn v. American National Red Cross (2016) dcd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(e)(l) — 2 cases

Barbour, Joyce A. v. Browner, Carol M. (1999) cadc

Phillips v. CIGNA Investments, Inc. (1998) ctd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(l) — 1 case

McGinnis v. Kentucky Fried Chicken of California (1994) ca9

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(l)(2) — 1 case

Shepherd v. United States Olympic Committee (2000) cod

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(l)(Z) — 1 case

Simien v. Chemical Waste Management, Inc. (1998) lawd

— 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(l)(l) — 2 cases

Reyes-Ortiz v. McConnell Valdes (2010) prd

William Reed Huckabay v. Edward Moore, Individually and in His Official Capacity as County Commissioner, and Jefferson C (1998) ca5

Annotations are extracted automatically from the opinions in the Syfert caselaw corpus and ranked by authority, recency, and treatment. Dots show Syfertize treatment of the citing case itself.