U.S. Code » Title 42 » Chapter CHAPTER 92— POWERPLANT AND INDUSTRIAL FUEL USE › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER VII— ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT › Part Part C— Enforcement

42 U.S.C. § 8435

Citizens suits

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(a) General rule

Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), any aggrieved person may commence a civil action for mandatory or prohibitive injunctive relief, including interim equitable relief, against the Secretary or the head of any Federal agency which has a responsibility under this chapter if there is an alleged failure of the Secretary or such agency head to perform any act or duty under this chapter which is not discretionary. The United States district courts shall have jurisdiction over actions brought under this section, without regard to the amount in controversy or the citizenship of the parties.

(b) Notice to Secretary or agency head

No action may be commenced under subsection (a) before the 60th calendar day after the date on which the plaintiff has given notice of such action to the Secretary or the agency head involved. Notice under this subsection shall be given in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe by rule.

(c) Authority of Secretary to intervene

In any action brought under subsection (a), the Secretary, if not a party, may intervene as a matter of right.

(d) Costs of litigation

The court, in issuing any final order in any action brought under subsection (a), may award costs of litigation (including reasonable attorney and expert witness fees) to any party, whenever the court determines such award is appropriate.

(e) Other remedies to remain available

Nothing in this section shall restrict any right which any aggrieved person (or class of aggrieved persons) may have under any statute or common law to seek enforcement of this chapter or any rule thereunder, or to seek any other relief (including relief against the Secretary or the agency head involved).

(Pub. L. 95–620, title VII, § 725, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3335.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (e), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 95–620, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3289, known as the Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8301 of this title and Tables.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 8 cases, 1983–2008 · leading case: Marek v. Chesny, 473 U.S. 1 (1985).
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Marek v. Chesny, 473 U.S. 1 (1985). · cites it 2× “3335 , 42 U. S. C. § 8435 (d). 52. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act of 1980, 94 Stat.”
Ruckelshaus v. Sierra Club, 463 U.S. 680 (1983). · cites it 2× “§ 6305 (d); Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act, 42 U. S. C. § 8435 (d) (1976 ed., Supp. V); Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act, 42 U.”
Int'l Woodworkers of Am., Afl-Cio & Its Local No. 5-376 v. Champion Int'l Corp., 790 F.2d 1174 (5th Cir. 1986). “§ 7622 (b)(2)(B), (e)(2) (action for protection of employee assisting in proceeding enforcing provisions on air pollution prevention); (24) Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, 42 U.S.C. § 8435 (d) (citizen’s suit to compel compliance with provisions governing power…”
Loggerhead Turtle v. Cnty. Council of Volusia Cnty., 307 F.3d 1318 (11th Cir. 2002). “§§ 7604 (d), 7607(f), 7622(e)(2) (2000); Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act, 42 U.S.C. § 8435 (2000); Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act, 42 U.”
Kenny A. Ex Rel. Winn v. Perdue, 547 F.3d 1319 (11th Cir. 2008). · cites it 2× “§ 7622 (e)(2); Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, 42 U.S.C. § 8435 (d); Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act of 1980, 42 U.”
Coulter v. Tennessee, 805 F.2d 146 (6th Cir. 1986). “§ 552a(g)(2)(B), (3)(B), (4) Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, 42 U.S.C. § 8435 (d) Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, 15 U.”
West Virginia Univ. Hospitals, Inc. v. Casey, 499 U.S. 83 (1991). · cites it 2× “§ 7622 (b)(2)(B) ("all costs and expenses (including attorneys' and expert witness fees) reasonably incurred"); Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, 42 U. S. C. § 8435 (d) ("costs of litigation (including reasonable attorney and expert witness fees)"); Ocean Thermal…”
Kenny A. v. Sonny Perdue (11th Cir. 2008). “§ 7622 (e)(2); Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, 42 U.S.C. § 8435 (d); Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act of 1980, 42 U.”
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