7 U.S.C. § 7711

Regulation of movement of plant pests

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(a) Prohibition of unauthorized movement of plant pests

Except as provided in subsection (c), no person shall import, enter, export, or move in interstate commerce any plant pest, unless the importation, entry, exportation, or movement is authorized under general or specific permit and is in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may issue to prevent the introduction of plant pests into the United States or the dissemination of plant pests within the United States.

(b) Requirements for processes

The Secretary shall ensure that the processes used in developing regulations under subsection (a) governing consideration of import requests are based on sound science and are transparent and accessible.

The Secretary may issue regulations to allow the importation, entry, exportation, or movement in interstate commerce of specified plant pests without further restriction if the Secretary finds that a permit under subsection (a) is not necessary.

(2) Petition to add or remove plant pests from regulation

Any person may petition the Secretary to add a plant pest to, or remove a plant pest from, the regulations issued by the Secretary under paragraph (1).

(3) Response to petition by the Secretary

In the case of a petition submitted under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall act on the petition within a reasonable time and notify the petitioner of the final action the Secretary takes on the petition. The Secretary’s determination on the petition shall be based on sound science.

(d) Prohibition of unauthorized mailing of plant pests(1) In general

Any letter, parcel, box, or other package containing any plant pest, whether sealed as letter-rate postal matter or not, is nonmailable and shall not knowingly be conveyed in the mail or delivered from any post office or by any mail carrier, unless the letter, parcel, box, or other package is mailed in compliance with such regulations as the Secretary may issue to prevent the dissemination of plant pests into the United States or interstate.

(2) Application of postal laws and regulations

Nothing in this subsection authorizes any person to open any mailed letter or other mailed sealed matter except in accordance with the postal laws and regulations.

(e) RegulationsRegulations issued by the Secretary to implement subsections (a), (c), and (d) may include provisions requiring that any plant pest imported, entered, to be exported, moved in interstate commerce, mailed, or delivered from any post office—(1) be accompanied by a permit issued by the Secretary prior to the importation, entry, exportation, movement in interstate commerce, mailing, or delivery of the plant pest;(2) be accompanied by a certificate of inspection issued (in a manner and form required by the Secretary) by appropriate officials of the country or State from which the plant pest is to be moved;(3) be raised under post-entry quarantine conditions by or under the supervision of the Secretary for the purposes of determining whether the plant pest—(A) may be infested with other plant pests;(B) may pose a significant risk of causing injury to, damage to, or disease in any plant or plant product; or(C) may be a noxious weed; and(4) be subject to remedial measures the Secretary determines to be necessary to prevent the spread of plant pests.(Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, § 411, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 440.)Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesTransfer of Functions

For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this chapter to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 9 cases, 2004–2019 · leading case: Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms, 561 U.S. 139 (2010).

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Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms, 561 U.S. 139 (2010). · cites it 3× “” 7 U. S. C. §7711 (a). Pursuant to that grant of authority, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) promulgated regulations that presume genetically engineered plants to be “plant pests”—and thus “regulated articles” under the PPA—until APHIS determines otherwise.”

Alika Atay v. Cnty. of Maui, 842 F.3d 688 (9th Cir. 2016). “, 7 U.S.C. § 7711 (a). Indeed, Congress expressly recognized in the PPA that “all plant pests, noxious weeds, plants, plant products, articles capable of harboring plant pests or noxious weeds regulated under this chapter are in or affect interstate commerce.”

Cactus Corner, LLC v. U.S. Dept. of Agric., 346 F. Supp. 2d 1075 (E.D. Cal. 2004). · cites it 2× “§ 7701 , regarding the Secretary’s execution of her duties under the PPA requires only that the Secretary “facilitate exports, imports, and interstate commerce in agricultural products and other commodities that pose a risk of harboring plant pests or noxious weeds in ways that…”

US Citrus Sci. Council v. U.S. Dep't of Agric., 312 F. Supp. 3d 884 (E.D. Cal. 2018). “" 7 U.S.C. § 7711 (a). The Secretary delegated that authority to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service ("APHIS"), an agency within USDA.”

Andrtiz Sundwig GMBH v. United States, 2018 CIT 74 (Ct. Intl. Trade 2018). “, you are hereby notified, as owner or agent of the owner of said carrier, premises, and/or articles, to apply remedial measures for the pest(s), noxious weeds, and/or article(s) specified ... in a manner satisfactory to and under the supervision of an Agriculture Officer.”

Ctr. for Food Saf. v. Vilsack, 844 F. Supp. 2d 1006 (N.D. Cal. 2012). “7 U.S.C. § 7711 (a). Pursuant to this authority, the USDA, through APHIS, regulates “organisms and products altered or produced through genetic engineering that are plant pests or are believed to be plant pests.”

Ctr. for Food Saf. v. Veneman, 364 F. Supp. 2d 1202 (D. Haw. 2005). “Plaintiffs next assert in their eleventh claim for relief that Defendants violated the Plant Protection Act (“PPA”), 7 U.S.C. § 7711 et seq., and the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”), 5 U.”

Hawai'i Papaya Indus. Assn. v. Cnty. of Hawaii, 666 F. App'x 631 (9th Cir. 2016). “See 7 U.S.C. § 7711 (a). Second, the Ordinance was passed in order to “control .”

Bader Farms, Inc. v. Monsanto Co. (E.D. Mo. 2019). “7 U.S.C. § 7711 (a). Further, the PPA authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture and the United States Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (“APHIS”), to prohibit or restrict the movement in interstate commerce of plants and other products as “necessary to prevent the…”

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