Virginia Code

Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405 (2026)

Appellate jurisdiction — Administrative agency, Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission, and civil matter appeals

✓ current as of May 2026

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A. Unless otherwise provided by law, any aggrieved party may appeal to the Court of Appeals from:

1. Any final decision of a circuit court on appeal from (i) a decision of an administrative agency, or (ii) a grievance hearing decision issued pursuant to § 2.2-3005;

2. Any final decision of the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission;

3. Except as provided in subsection B of § 17.1-406, any final judgment, order, or decree of a circuit court in a civil matter;

4. Any interlocutory decree or order pursuant to § 8.01-267.8 or 8.01-675.5;

5. Except as provided in subsection B, any interlocutory decree or order involving an equitable claim in which the decree or order (i) requires money to be paid or the possession or title of property to be changed or (ii) adjudicates the principles of a cause; or

6. Any final judgment, order, or decree of a circuit court (i) involving an application for a concealed weapons permit pursuant to Article 6.1 (§ 18.2-307.1 et seq.) of Chapter 7 of Title 18.2, (ii) involving involuntary treatment of prisoners pursuant to § 53.1-40.1 or 53.1-133.04, or (iii) for declaratory or injunctive relief under § 57-2.02.

B. Except as provided in § 8.01-675.5, no interlocutory decree or order shall be appealed if such decree or order involves:

1. Affirmance or annulment of a marriage;

2. Divorce;

3. Custody of a minor child;

4. Spousal or child support;

5. Control or disposition of a minor child;

6. Any other domestic relations matter arising under Title 16.1 or 20; or

7. Any protective order other than a final protective order issued by a circuit court.

1983, c. 413, § 17-116.05; 1984, c. 701; 1985, c. 283; 1990, c. 897; 1998, c. 872; 2000, cc. 830, 947, 1006; 2001, cc. 393, 420; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 489; 2022, cc. 307, 714; 2023, cc. 741, 742; 2024, c. 424.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 245 cases (71 in the last 5 years), 1998–2026 · leading case: Nancy Marcellette Friedman v. Mona Smith & Laura Goldstein, etc., 810 S.E.2d 912 (Va. Ct. App. 2018).

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Nancy Marcellette Friedman v. Mona Smith & Laura Goldstein, etc., 810 S.E.2d 912 (Va. Ct. App. 2018). · cites it 7× “In such a case, Code § 17.1-405 clearly permits an appeal to this Court from such a final order of divorce.”

De Haan v. De Haan, 680 S.E.2d 297 (Va. Ct. App. 2009). · cites it 14× “The control or disposition of a child; ****** 4. Any interlocutory decree or order entered in any of the cases listed in this section (i) granting, dissolving, or denying an injunction or (ii) adjudicating the principles of a cause.”

Lewis v. Lewis, 628 S.E.2d 314 (Va. 2006). · cites it 14× “As pertinent to the case before us, the provisions of Code § 17.1-405 grant subject matter jurisdiction to the Court of Appeals over "[a]ny final .”

Volkswagen of Am., Inc. v. Quillian, 569 S.E.2d 744 (Va. Ct. App. 2002). · cites it 14× “In addition, the commissioner challenges the jurisdiction of this Court to decide this appeal, contending in his motion to dismiss that the decree appealed from was not a final decision of the circuit court, as required by Code § 17.1-405. For the reasons that follow, we deny…”

Commonwealth of Virginia, Dep't of Educ. v. Fairfax Cnty. Sch. Bd., 645 S.E.2d 337 (Va. Ct. App. 2007). · cites it 18× “1-405(4); they instead cited the whole of Code § 17.1-405. “[CJourts must presume that a legislature says in a statute what it means and means in a statute what it says there.”

Com., Dept. of Prof'l v. Lancaster, 613 S.E.2d 828 (Va. Ct. App. 2005). · cites it 12× “For the reasons that follow, we hold that the trial judge’s order did not address the merits of the third sanction and necessarily contemplates additional proceedings in the Board, that the order is not a “final decision” within the meaning of Code § 17.1-405, and that we lack…”

Judy Kay Reaves v. James Kelly Tucker, 800 S.E.2d 188 (Va. Ct. App. 2017). · cites it 4× “As pertinent to the case before us, the provisions of Code § 17.1-405 grant subject matter jurisdiction to the Court of Appeals over “[a]ny final .”

Robert Jared Newton v. Rachel Angeline Jones, f/k/a Rachel Angeline Newton, 781 S.E.2d 759 (Va. Ct. App. 2016). · cites it 8× “Code § 17.1-405 provides, “Any aggrieved party may appeal to the Court of Appeals from .”

Chaplain v. Chaplain, 682 S.E.2d 108 (Va. Ct. App. 2009). · cites it 6× “The *766 trial court order granting husband’s motion to strike from which the appeal is taken is interlocutory in nature and gives rise to a threshold jurisdictional question that we must first address. Because the parties did not brief or argue whether the order was appealable,…”

All. v. Com., Dept. of Environ. Quality, 621 S.E.2d 78 (Va. 2005). · cites it 4× “As the Court observed, its civil appellate jurisdiction is limited by Code § 17.1-405 and includes only subject matters specified by the statute.”

Perry Edward Jones v. Lori Michelle Gates, 803 S.E.2d 361 (Va. Ct. App. 2017). · cites it 3× “See Va. Code § 17.1-405(3)(f) (granting this Court jurisdiction over “[a]ny final judgment, order, or decree of a circuit court” concerning a “domestic relations matter arising under Title 16.”

Prizzia v. Prizzia, 610 S.E.2d 326 (Va. Ct. App. 2005). · cites it 6× “Neither party initially addressed the issue of whether the order entered by the trial court was an appealable order pursuant to Code § 17.1-405. However, after hearing oral arguments on the merits of the appeal, this Court requested additional briefing on the following question:…”

Show all 245 citing cases →

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(1) — 28 cases

XL Specialty Ins. Co. v. Dept. of Transp., 611 S.E.2d 356 (Va. 2005).

J. Foster Murphy v. Virginia Dep't of State Police, 813 S.E.2d 21 (Va. Ct. App. 2018).

Pound v. Dep't of Game & Inland Fisheries, 577 S.E.2d 533 (Va. Ct. App. 2003).

All. v. Com., Dept. of Environ. Quality, 621 S.E.2d 78 (Va. 2005). “As the Court observed, its civil appellate jurisdiction is limited by Code § 17.1-405 and includes only subject matters specified by the statute.”

Volkswagen of Am., Inc. v. Quillian, 569 S.E.2d 744 (Va. Ct. App. 2002). “In addition, the commissioner challenges the jurisdiction of this Court to decide this appeal, contending in his motion to dismiss that the decree appealed from was not a final decision of the circuit court, as required by Code § 17.1-405. For the reasons that follow, we deny…”

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(1)(i) — 2 cases

Virginia Mfrs. Ass'n v. Ralph S. Northam, Governor of Virginia (Va. Ct. App. 2021).

Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Auth. v. Zero Links Markets, Inc. t/a VinoShipper.com (Va. Ct. App. 2023).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(1)(ii) — 1 case

Thomas Eddie Tatum v. Va Dept of Agric., etc (Va. Ct. App. 2003).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(2) — 17 cases

Peninsula Neurosurgical Assocs., Inc. v. City of Newport News (Va. Ct. App. 2020).

City of Newport News v. Peninsula Neurosurgical Assocs., Inc. (Va. Ct. App. 2020).

Alaida L. Jones v. Chesterfield Cnty. Pub. Schs. & Chesterfield Cnty. Sch. Bd. (Va. Ct. App. 2020).

Penske Trucking Co. L/P Epes Carriers & Hartford Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Jeroderick Lawson (Va. Ct. App. 2020).

Marty D. Foust v. Lawrence Bros., Inc. & Am. Interstate Ins. Co. (Va. Ct. App. 2022).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(3) — 26 cases

Lewis v. Lewis, 628 S.E.2d 314 (Va. 2006). “As pertinent to the case before us, the provisions of Code § 17.1-405 grant subject matter jurisdiction to the Court of Appeals over "[a]ny final .”

Travis v. Finley, 548 S.E.2d 906 (Va. Ct. App. 2001).

Holden v. Holden, 544 S.E.2d 884 (Va. Ct. App. 2001).

Kotara v. Kotara, 688 S.E.2d 908 (Va. Ct. App. 2010).

Norman M. Achin v. Sandra I. Ochoa (Va. Ct. App. 2020).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(3)(a) — 3 cases

Judy Kay Reaves v. James Kelly Tucker, 800 S.E.2d 188 (Va. Ct. App. 2017). “As pertinent to the case before us, the provisions of Code § 17.1-405 grant subject matter jurisdiction to the Court of Appeals over “[a]ny final .”

Lewis v. Lewis, 628 S.E.2d 314 (Va. 2006). “As pertinent to the case before us, the provisions of Code § 17.1-405 grant subject matter jurisdiction to the Court of Appeals over "[a]ny final .”

Thomas Randolph Lewis v. Courtenay Munford Lewis (Va. Ct. App. 2005).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(3)(b) — 10 cases

Nancy Marcellette Friedman v. Mona Smith & Laura Goldstein, etc., 810 S.E.2d 912 (Va. Ct. App. 2018). “In such a case, Code § 17.1-405 clearly permits an appeal to this Court from such a final order of divorce.”

Vinson v. Vinson, 588 S.E.2d 392 (Va. Ct. App. 2003).

Ernest Highsmith v. Claretha J. Highsmith (Va. Ct. App. 2019).

Hoffman P'ship, LLP v. Circuit Court of Spotsylvania Cnty. (Va. Ct. App. 2020).

Lisa Johnson, of the Est. of Greta R. Johnson v. Tommy J. Johnson, Sr. (Va. Ct. App. 2021).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(3)(c) — 1 case

Tamena Genell Wilson v. Fitzgerald Britton (Va. Ct. App. 2018).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(3)(d) — 1 case

Everett v. Tawes (Va. 2019).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(3)(e) — 4 cases

Rowland v. Shurbutt, 525 S.E.2d 917 (Va. 2000).

Robin Ann Steele-Parker v. Roanoke City Dep't of Soc. Servs. (Va. Ct. App. 2022).

Charles Darrell Parker, Jr. v. Roanoke City Dep't of Soc. Servs. (Va. Ct. App. 2022).

Katherine S. Murray v. Kelly A. Sensabaugh & B. Lee Sensabaugh (Va. Ct. App. 2014).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(3)(f) — 16 cases

Perry Edward Jones v. Lori Michelle Gates, 803 S.E.2d 361 (Va. Ct. App. 2017). “See Va. Code § 17.1-405(3)(f) (granting this Court jurisdiction over “[a]ny final judgment, order, or decree of a circuit court” concerning a “domestic relations matter arising under Title 16.”

Wells v. Wells, 509 S.E.2d 549 (Va. Ct. App. 1999).

Horn v. Horn, 508 S.E.2d 347 (Va. Ct. App. 1998).

Perry Edward Jones v. Lori Gates Jones (Va. Ct. App. 2016).

Tiffany Byrd v. Petersburg Dep't of Soc. Servs. (Va. Ct. App. 2016).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(4) — 39 cases

De Haan v. De Haan, 680 S.E.2d 297 (Va. Ct. App. 2009). “The control or disposition of a child; ****** 4. Any interlocutory decree or order entered in any of the cases listed in this section (i) granting, dissolving, or denying an injunction or (ii) adjudicating the principles of a cause.”

Chaplain v. Chaplain, 682 S.E.2d 108 (Va. Ct. App. 2009). “The *766 trial court order granting husband’s motion to strike from which the appeal is taken is interlocutory in nature and gives rise to a threshold jurisdictional question that we must first address. Because the parties did not brief or argue whether the order was appealable,…”

Commonwealth of Virginia, Dep't of Educ. v. Fairfax Cnty. Sch. Bd., 645 S.E.2d 337 (Va. Ct. App. 2007). “1-405(4); they instead cited the whole of Code § 17.1-405. “[CJourts must presume that a legislature says in a statute what it means and means in a statute what it says there.”

All. to Save the Mattaponi v. Virginia Marine Resources Commissin, 601 S.E.2d 684 (Va. Ct. App. 2004).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(4)(ii) — 6 cases

Lewis v. Lewis, 628 S.E.2d 314 (Va. 2006). “As pertinent to the case before us, the provisions of Code § 17.1-405 grant subject matter jurisdiction to the Court of Appeals over "[a]ny final .”

Jason Bird v. Gabriela Bird (Va. Ct. App. 2021).

Ernest Highsmith v. Claretha J. Highsmith (Va. Ct. App. 2019).

Thomas Randolph Lewis v. Courtenay Munford Lewis (Va. Ct. App. 2005).

Shahla Rahnema v. Mansur Rahnema (Va. Ct. App. 2000).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(A)(1) — 2 cases

Wesley Shifflett v. Brian J. Hill (Va. Ct. App. 2024).

Sean M. Maddox v. Virginia Dep't of Crim. Just. Servs. (Va. Ct. App. 2025).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(A)(1)(ii) — 1 case

Lawrence McNally v. Virginia Dep't of Motor Vehs. (Va. Ct. App. 2024).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(A)(2) — 1 case

Maria Velazquez v. Dan River Window Co., Inc. (Va. Ct. App. 2023).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(A)(3) — 28 cases

P.J. Potter Enter., Inc. v. Comfort Sys. of Virginia, Inc. (Va. Ct. App. 2025).

Wesley Shifflett v. Brian J. Hill (Va. Ct. App. 2024).

Bistro Manila, LLC v. Alvah I, LLC (Va. Ct. App. 2025).

Virginia State Conf. NAACP v. Governor Glenn A. Youngkin (Va. Ct. App. 2025).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(A)(4) — 3 cases

Eleftherios Napier v. Margery Anna Cannon (Va. Ct. App. 2025).

In Re: Jared R. Jenkins (Va. Ct. App. 2023).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(A)(5) — 2 cases

Eleftherios Napier v. Margery Anna Cannon (Va. Ct. App. 2025).

Jon F. Mains, Tr./Ex'r for the Trust/Est. of L. Randolph Williams v. John Birge (Va. Ct. App. 2025).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(A)(5)(i) — 1 case

Joseph T. Elliott, Jr. v. La Krista M. Fant (Va. Ct. App. 2023).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(A)(5)(ii) — 1 case

Tuscarora MarketPlace Partners, LLC v. First Nat'l Bank (Va. Ct. App. 2024).

— Va. Code Ann. § 17.1-405(l)(ii) — 3 cases

Tatum v. Virginia Dep't of Agric. & Consum. Servs., 582 S.E.2d 452 (Va. Ct. App. 2003).

Virginia Dep't of Corr. v. Compton, 623 S.E.2d 397 (Va. Ct. App. 2005).

Virginia Dep't of Corr. v. Estep, 685 S.E.2d 891 (Va. Ct. App. 2009).

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