New York Pub. Interest Rsch. Grp., Inc. v. Regents Of The Univ. Of The State Of New York, 516 F.2d 350 (2d Cir. 1975). · Go Syfert
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New York Pub. Interest Rsch. Grp., Inc. v. Regents Of The Univ. Of The State Of New York, 516 F.2d 350 (2d Cir. 1975). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
158 citation events (38 in the last 25 years) across 27 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Buckley v. Bassett, No. 1:22-cv-01436 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 1, 2024)
Treatment trajectory · 1975 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1975 2000 2026
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At page 352 Determining requisite interest for intervention under rule 24(a)(2)23 citing cases“the disposition may as a practical matter impair or impede their ability to protect their interests.”2 citing courts quote it · passage not found verbatim in the opinion (93%) · 20 listed here
  • Hulinsky v. Cnty. of Westchester Cnty. Dep't of Pub. Saf., 670 F. Supp. 3d 100 (S.D.N.Y. 2023).
    Interest Research Grp., 516 F.2d at 352.
  • Sec. Inv. Prot. Corp. v. Bernard L. Madoff Inv. Sec. LLC, 550 B.R. 241 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2016).published 2 cites
    Id. 351-52.
  • Flying J, Inc. v. Van Hollen, 578 F.3d 569 (7th Cir. 2009).published
    It is true that concern with the stare decisis effect of a decision can be a ground for intervention, New York Public Interest Research Group, Inc. v. Regents of University, supra, 516 F.2d at 352; Atlantis Development Coup. v. United Stat…
  • Flying J Inc. v. Wisconsin Petroleum Marketers, No. 09-1883 (7th Cir. Aug. 20, 2009).published
    It is true that concern No. 09-1883 7 with the stare decisis effect of a decision can be a ground for intervention, New York Public Interest Research Group, Inc. v. Regents of University, supra, 516 F.2d at 352; Atlantis Development Corp.…
  • Blount-Hill v. Bd. of Educ., 195 F. App'x 482 (6th Cir. 2006).unpublished 2 cites
    Interest Research Group, Inc. v. Regents of the University of the State of New York, 516 F.2d 350, 352 (2d Cir. 1975) (per curiam); United States v. Alisal Water Corp., 370 F.3d 915, 919-20 (9th Cir. 2004) (holding that an economic interes…
  • Alameda Water & Sanitation Dist. v. Browner, 9 F.3d 88 (10th Cir. 1993).published 2 cites
    Id. at 352.
  • Oneida Indian Nation of Wisconsin v. State of New York, 732 F.2d 261 (2d Cir. 1984).published 4 cites
    In addition to the claims based on Gayanerakowa, asserted by the Houdenosaunee, two of the constituent nations, the Mohawk and the Onondaga claim aboriginal ownership of parts of the same tract described in the complaint and claimed by the…
  • United States v. Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp., 101 F.R.D. 444 (W.D.N.Y. 1984).published 2 cites
    New York Public Interest Research Group v. Regents of the University of the State of New York, 516 F.2d 350, 352 (2d Cir.1975) [hereinafter cited as NYPIRG]; Spirt v. Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association, 93 F.R.D. 627, 643 (S.D.N.Y.…
  • Sierra Club v. United States Army Corps of Engineers, 709 F.2d 175 (2d Cir. 1983).published 2 cites
    Careful to cover this situation, the district court provided that “if and when the stage is reached that specific consideration is being given to any order which expressly details the activity of LMS or the funding for its work, considerat…
  • New Orleans Pub. Serv., Inc. v. United Gas Pipe Line Co., 690 F.2d 1203 (5th Cir. 1982).published 2 cites
    Id. at 352.
Show 10 more citing cases
At page 351 Determining standing to challenge a law's constitutionality9 citing casespharmacists had interest in challenge to law prohibiting advertising price of prescription drugs because statute could significantly change conduct of business1 citing court put it this way · 8 listed here
q1 “make a more vigorous presentation of the economic side of the argument”4 citing cases4 citing courts quote it
  • Town of North Hempstead v. Vill. of North Hills, 80 F.R.D. 714 (E.D.N.Y. 1978).published 2 cites
    Hence here, as in New York Public Interest Research Group, Inc. v. Regents of the State University of New York, supra, “there is a likelihood that the [property owners] will make a more vigorous presentation of the economic side of the arg…
  • Ass'n of Connecticut Lobbyists v. Garfield, 241 F.R.D. 100 (D. Conn. 2007).published
    (holding that the “lack of adequate representation” prong is met when an intervenor would make a “more vigorous presentation” of a side of an argument than the government defendant)
  • United States Postal Serv. v. Brennan, 579 F.2d 188 (2d Cir. 1978).published 6 cites
    See New York Public Interest Research Group, Inc. v. Regents of the University of the State of New York, 516 F.2d 350, 352 (2d Cir. 1975) (per curiam) (recognizing economic interest as protectable for purpose of intervention of right).
  • Frostar Corp. v. Malloy, 933 N.E.2d 1002 (Mass. App. Ct. 2010).published
At page 350 cited at this page1 citing case
  • Olympus Corp. v. United States, 627 F. Supp. 911 (E.D.N.Y. 1985).published 2 cites
    Natural Resources Defense Council, supra, 578 F.2d at 1345 , see generally Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24(a); NYPIRG, supra, 516 F.2d at 350; Spirit v. Teachers Ins. and Annuity Ass’n, 93 F.R.D. 627, 643 (S.D.N.Y.1982).
Other citing cases11 with no pin cite or quoted language on record
Show 1 more citing case
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
New York Public Interest Research Group, Inc.
v.
The Regents of the University of the State of New York, Pharmaceutical Society of the State of New York, Inc., Applicants for Intervention-Appellants
436.
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Mar 17, 1975.
Published opinion
516 F.2d 350
1975 U.S. App. LEXIS 15607
Cited by 15 opinions  |  Published

516 F.2d 350

1975-1 Trade Cases 60,211

NEW YORK PUBLIC INTEREST RESEARCH GROUP, INC., et al.,
Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
The REGENTS OF the UNIVERSITY OF the STATE OF NEW YORK et
al., Defendants-Appellees.
Pharmaceutical Society of the State of New York, Inc., et
al., Applicants for Intervention-Appellants.

No. 436, Docket 74-2260.

United States Court of Appeals,
Second Circuit.

Argued Dec. 16, 1974.
Decided March 17, 1975.

Alan I. Boockvar, Woodmere, N. Y. (David Goldberg, Woodmere, N. Y., on the brief), for applicants for intervention-appellants.

Dennis A. Kaufman, Albany, N. Y., for plaintiffs-appellees.

Robert D. Stone, Albany, N. Y. (Donald O. Meserve, Albany, N. Y., on the brief), for defendants-appellees.

Before FRIENDLY, TIMBERS and GURFEIN, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

[*~350–352]1

The Pharmaceutical Society of the State of New York, Inc. and three individual pharmacists appeal from an order entered in the Northern District of New York, Edmund Port, District Judge, denying their motion for leave to intervene in an action brought by consumers against the Regents of the University of the State of New York to enjoin enforcement of a statewide regulation promulgated by the Regents which prohibits advertising the price of prescription drugs. For the reasons below, we reverse and remand with instructions.

2

The dispositive issue is whether appellants are entitled to intervene as of right pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 24(a)(2). We hold that they are.[1]

3

Clearly the pharmacists have an interest in the transaction which is the subject of the action regardless of the intent of the Regents in promulgating the regulation.[2] There can be little doubt that the challenged prohibition against advertising the price of prescription drugs, which is claimed to result in consumer ignorance as to where such drugs can be purchased at the cheapest price, affects the economic interests of members of the pharmacy profession. Pharmacists also have an interest in a regulation which they claim is designed to encourage "the continued existence of independent local drugstores by the prevention of destructive competition through advertising . . . ." (citation omitted) Urowsky v. Board of Regents,76 Misc.2d 187, 190, 349 N.Y.S.2d 600, 603 (Sup.Ct., Albany Co., 1973), aff'd, --- App.Div.2d ---, 362 N.Y.S.2d 46 (3d Dept. 1974). Pharmacists also have an interest in the action as professionals since any lifting of the prohibition against advertising prescription drug prices might well lead to significant changes in the profession and in the way pharmacists conduct their businesses. Moreover, the fact that one of the reasons for promulgating the regulation was concern for consumer interests such as deterring consumer purchases of antagonistic or deteriorated prescription drugs does not mean that pharmacists do not also have interests at stake. See Annot., "Validity of Statute or Ordinance Forbidding Pharmacists to Advertise Prices of Drugs or Medicines", 44 A.L.R.3d 1301, 1303 (1972). Indeed, the Regents acknowledge that protecting the economic interests of certain pharmacists is one basis for sustaining the regulation. With respect to the association of pharmacists, we hold that it has a sufficient interest to permit it to intervene since the validity of a regulation from which its members benefit is challenged. See General Motors Corp. v. Burns, 50 F.R.D. 401 (D.Hawaii 1970).

[*~351–353]4

We think it likewise is clear that the pharmacists and the association are so situated that the disposition of the action may as a practical matter impair or impede their ability to protect their interests. We are not persuaded by the contention of plaintiffs that the pharmacists may protect their interests after an adverse decision in the instant case by attacking any new regulation on constitutional, antitrust or unfair competition grounds. Such contention ignores the possible stare decisis effect of an adverse decision.

[*~352–353]5

Finally, we hold that, while it is a closer question, the interests of the pharmacists and the association are not adequately represented by existing parties. Specifically, we are satisfied that there is a likelihood that the pharmacists will make a more vigorous presentation of the economic side of the argument than would the Regents. Indeed, the Regents acknowledge that the pharmacists should have an opportunity to make their own arguments to protect their own interests as pharmacists since, as the Regents admit, their interests "may significantly differ" from those of the pharmacists. We agree.

6

Since we conclude that appellants have satisfied each of the requirements of Rule 24(a)(2) for intervention as of right, we reverse the order of the district court and remand with instructions to permit appellants to intervene upon the condition that they consent to the striking of the ninth defense in their proposed answer.[3]

7

Reversed and remanded with instructions.

1

A denial of leave to intervene as of right is appealable to this court as an appeal from a final order, 28 U.S.C. § 1291 (1970). SEC v. Everest Management Corp., 475 F.2d 1236, 1238 n. 2 (2 Cir. 1972); Ionian Shipping Co. v. British Law Insurance Co., 426 F.2d 186, 189 (2 Cir. 1970); Nuesse v. Camp, 385 F.2d 694, 699 n. 2 (D.C.Cir. 1967). Appeal lies to the court of appeals rather than to the Supreme Court even when the denial was by a three-judge court. Francis v. Chamber of Commerce, 481 F.2d 192, 194 (4 Cir. 1973); Gonzalez v. Automatic Employees Credit Union, 419 U.S. 90 (1974). This must also be true when, as here, the denial was by a single judge who is a member of a three-judge court, acting pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2284(5) (1970)

2

The regulation, promulgated by the Regents pursuant to N.Y. Education Law §§ 6506(1) and 6509(9) (McKinney 1972), provides in relevant part:

"Unprofessional conduct in the practice of pharmacy . . . shall include but shall not be limited to the following:

(c) advertising of fixed fees or prices for professional services or the use of words 'cut rate', 'discount' or other words having a similar connotation in connection with the offering of professional services by a pharmacist, the owner of a pharmacy or by a person, group or organization in behalf of and with the permission of a pharmacist or the owner of a pharmacy . . . ." 8 N.Y.C.R.R. § 63.3(c) (1972).

3

This condition, suggested by Regents' counsel, was agreed to by appellants' counsel at oral argument before us. In the ninth defense appellants alleged that to permit the advertising of the fees charged by pharmacists but not the fees charged by those in other professions would constitute a denial of due process under the Fourteenth Amendment

The order appealed from did grant leave to appellants to participate as amicus curiae. They nevertheless are entitled to insist upon intervention, to which we hold they have a right.

Having so held, it is unnecessary for us to reach appellants' alternative claim that the district court's denial of permissive intervention was an abuse of discretion.