A federal statute regulating noneconomic activity is constitutional under the Commerce Clause if it includes a jurisdictional element ensuring the activity in question affects interstate commerce.
A defendant challenged the constitutionality of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8), which prohibits firearm possession by persons subject to certain domestic violence protective orders, arguing that the statute exceeded Congress's authority under the Commerce Clause. The court considers whether the statute's inclusion of a jurisdictional element satisfies constitutional requirements. Applying the principle that a statute regulating noneconomic activity is constitutional if it includes a jurisdictional element ensuring a case-by-case connection to interstate commerce, the court holds that the phrase 'in or affecting commerce' provides the necessary nexus. Because the statute contains this jurisdictional element, the court finds the provision is a valid exercise of congressional power.
At page 1344 Abandonment of issues by failure to argue on appeal129 citing casesholding, in a counseled case, that an issue is abandoned when a defendant fails to offer an argument on that issue on appeal
- United States v. Phillip Howard, No. 24-10042 (11th Cir. Jan. 7, 2026).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir. 1998).
- United States v. William Christopher Dempsey, No. 20-14162 (11th Cir. Mar. 10, 2022).unpublished United States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir. 1998).
- United States v. David Wright, No. 20-12593 (11th Cir. June 2, 2021).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir. 1998).
- United States v. Terry Cadet, No. 19-14315 (11th Cir. July 8, 2020).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir. 1998).
- Juana Santiago-Ajqui v. U.S. Attorney Gen., No. 17-15783 (11th Cir. Jan. 23, 2019).unpublishedSepulveda v. U.S. Attorney Gen., 401 F.3d 1226 , 1228 n.2 (11th Cir. 2005) (per curiam) (citing United States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir. 1998)). 3 Santiago-Ajqui also applied for withholding of removal under the United N…
- Peter J. Nygard v. John J. Dipaolo, No. 17-12806 (11th Cir. Oct. 10, 2018).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir. 1998). 6 This reasoning is equally applicable to Ms. Patricia Scandariato, a court reporter who recorded the statements made by Mr. Bullard in Miami, Florida. 14 Case: 17-12806 Da…
- Cassandra A. Matthews v. City of Mobile, 702 F. App'x 960 (11th Cir. 2017).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir. 1998). 6 .
- United States v. Tidaesha v. Taylor, 578 F. App'x 966 (11th Cir. 2014).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Ihab Steve Barsoum, 763 F.3d 1321 (11th Cir. 2014).publishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998). ii.
- United States v. James Thomas Withrow, 562 F. App'x 906 (11th Cir. 2014).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
Show 113 more citing cases
- United States v. George Arthur Farmer, 553 F. App'x 901 (11th Cir. 2014).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Winfred Addison Lee, 548 F. App'x 585 (11th Cir. 2013).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Steven Anthony Graham, 517 F. App'x 882 (11th Cir. 2013).unpublished(holding that when a defendant fails to offer argument on an issue, that issue is abandoned)
- United States v. Kenneth Wingfield, Jr., 468 F. App'x 937 (11th Cir. 2012).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. McGarity, 669 F.3d 1218 (11th Cir. 2012).published (finding defendant had abandoned basis for appeal when he failed to raise the issue)
- United States v. Efren Mendez, 420 F. App'x 933 (11th Cir. 2011).unpublished (holding that issues not raised on appeal are abandoned)
- United States v. Cole, 417 F. App'x 922 (11th Cir. 2011).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Abraham Rene Arango, 396 F. App'x 631 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Patrick Zamore, 393 F. App'x 620 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished(issue not pursued on appeal deemed abandoned)
- United States v. Corey Albertie, 382 F. App'x 876 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Osvaldo Piedra, 372 F. App'x 8 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Travis L. Williams, 363 F. App'x 682 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998) Here, the district court did not clearly err in crediting Smith’s testimony that he saw the butt of a gun sticking out of Williams’s jeans pocket.
- United States v. Beverly Edmondson, 349 F. App'x 511 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublished(stating that arguments not raised on appeal are abandoned)
- United States v. Isabel Tepale De La Rosa, 346 F. App'x 468 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublishedBecause a defendant abandons an issue by not arguing it on appeal, United States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998), De La Rosa has abandoned any challenges to Counts 1, 2, or 4. 2 .
- United States v. Albert Bruce Singletary, 345 F. App'x 466 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- Brett Renslow v. Capital One Servs., Inc., 343 F. App'x 457 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- Harris v. United Auto. Ins. Grp., 579 F.3d 1227 (11th Cir. 2009).publishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir. 1998).
- Smith v. Sec'y, Dept. of Corr., 572 F.3d 1327 (11th Cir. 2009).publishedSee Zivojinovich v. Earner, 525 F.3d 1059, 1062 n. 1 (11th Cir.2008); United States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir. 1998). 9 .
- Catherine Armbrester v. Talladega City Bd. of Ed, 325 F. App'x 877 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998). 4 .
- United States v. Arnaldo Guzman, 558 F.3d 1262 (11th Cir. 2009).published(stating that arguments not raised on appeal are abandoned)
- United States v. Shawn Demetrius Croskey, 309 F. App'x 302 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublished(arguments not raised on appeal are abandoned)
- United States v. Steed, 548 F.3d 961 (11th Cir. 2008).published(arguments not raised on appeal are abandoned)
- United States v. Michelle Johnson, 290 F. App'x 214 (11th Cir. 2008).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Rodagus Thomas, 270 F. App'x 809 (11th Cir. 2008).unpublished (holding, in a counseled case, that an issue is abandoned when a defendant fails to offer an argument on that issue on appeal)
- United States v. Ronaldo Eguia Lara, 228 F. App'x 933 (11th Cir. 2007).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Julio Luis Ortega, 218 F. App'x 858 (11th Cir. 2007).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Leslie Perkins, 204 F. App'x 799 (11th Cir. 2006).unpublished United States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Tracy Topaz Turner, 176 F. App'x 990 (11th Cir. 2006).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Tracy Harris, 172 F. App'x 950 (11th Cir. 2006).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Jaime William Gutierrez, 163 F. App'x 842 (11th Cir. 2006).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- Joana C. Sepulveda v. U.S. Atty. Gen., 401 F.3d 1226 (11th Cir. 2004).publishedWhen an appellant fails to offer argument on an issue, that issue is abandoned See United States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998); see also Greenbriar, Ltd. v. City of Alabaster, 881 F.2d 1570 , 1573 n. 6 (11th Cir.1989)…
- United States v. William Andrew Scott, 263 F.3d 1270 (11th Cir. 2001).publishedSee id.; see also United States v. Reynolds, 215 F.3d 1210 , 1215 (11th Cir.2000) (per curiam); United States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Stephen Gene Reynolds, 215 F.3d 1210 (11th Cir. 2000).published While a knowing and voluntary guilty plea waives the right to appeal all nonjursidictional challenges to a conviction, see United States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1344 (11th Cir. 1998), a guilty plea does not bar an appeal that raises…
- Eduardo Angel-Osorio v. U.S. Atty. Gen., 152 F. App'x 895 (11th Cir. 2005).unpublished
- United States v. Lindsey O'Neal, 137 F. App'x 279 (11th Cir. 2005).unpublished
- United States v. David O. Edwards, 134 F. App'x 352 (11th Cir. 2005).unpublished
- Fawzi Aboushehata v. U.S. Attorney Gen., 130 F. App'x 336 (11th Cir. 2005).unpublished
- United States v. Phillip Maurice Thomas, 159 F. App'x 979 (11th Cir. 2006).unpublished
- United States v. Samuel Roy Abram, 171 F. App'x 304 (11th Cir. 2006).unpublished
- United States v. Grant Farley, Jr., 190 F. App'x 795 (11th Cir. 2006).unpublished
- United States v. James Alfred Henderson, 233 F. App'x 924 (11th Cir. 2007).unpublished
- United States v. Theresa F. Bullard, 227 F. App'x 822 (11th Cir. 2007).unpublished
- United States v. Rondick Troupe, 240 F. App'x 849 (11th Cir. 2007).unpublished
- Anthony Morrow v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 255 F. App'x 378 (11th Cir. 2007).unpublished
- United States v. Onelio Diaz, 253 F. App'x 871 (11th Cir. 2007).unpublished
- United States v. Bobby Bonam, 257 F. App'x 236 (11th Cir. 2007).unpublished
- United States v. Ilson Benitez-Aprilla, 262 F. App'x 236 (11th Cir. 2008).unpublished
- United States v. Leonard Allen, Jr., 274 F. App'x 811 (11th Cir. 2008).unpublished
- Michel Alexander Garcia Reyes v. U.S. Attorney Gen, 275 F. App'x 917 (11th Cir. 2008).unpublished
- Dean Seneca v. United South & E. Tribes, 318 F. App'x 741 (11th Cir. 2008).unpublished
- George D. McCarley v. KPMG Int'l, 293 F. App'x 719 (11th Cir. 2008).unpublished
- Thomas Medkser v. David J. Feingold, 307 F. App'x 262 (11th Cir. 2008).unpublished
- J.H.O.C. v. Volvo Trucks North Am., Inc., 303 F. App'x 828 (11th Cir. 2008).unpublished
- United States v. Willie B. Johnson, 305 F. App'x 524 (11th Cir. 2008).unpublished
- United States v. Ivory Charles Brinson, 315 F. App'x 196 (11th Cir. 2008).unpublished
- United States v. Lasonia Marie Burkett, 329 F. App'x 894 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublished
- United States v. Tommie Nathaniel White, 342 F. App'x 488 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublished
- United States v. Rodrick Clayton, 348 F. App'x 459 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublished
- R.W. ex rel. M.W. v. Georgia Dep't of Educ., 353 F. App'x 422 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublished
- United States v. Frandsen, 212 F.3d 1231 (11th Cir. 2000).published
- Roy Padgett v. James E. Donald, 401 F.3d 1273 (11th Cir. 2005).published
- United States v. Lopez-Vanegas, 493 F.3d 1305 (11th Cir. 2007).published
- United States v. Burgest, 519 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir. 2008).published
- United States v. Valladares, 544 F.3d 1257 (11th Cir. 2008).published
- United States v. Tagg, 572 F.3d 1320 (11th Cir. 2009).published
- United States v. White, 593 F.3d 1199 (11th Cir. 2010).published
- LaTanya McCaslin v. Birmingham Museum of Art, 384 F. App'x 871 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- Florel Maurice v. United States Attorney Gen., 388 F. App'x 932 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Paramo-Morales, 394 F. App'x 553 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Juan Ubaldo-Viezca, 398 F. App'x 573 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Corey Jermaine Parker, 411 F. App'x 220 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Francisco Cortes-Meza, 411 F. App'x 284 (11th Cir. 2011).unpublished
- United States v. Zebediah Kyler, 429 F. App'x 828 (11th Cir. 2011).unpublished
- United States v. Jose Gabriel Uribe, 486 F. App'x 823 (11th Cir. 2012).unpublished
- United States v. Carl Blair, 493 F. App'x 38 (11th Cir. 2012).unpublished
- United States v. James L. Gibson, 708 F.3d 1256 (11th Cir. 2013).published
- United States v. Randall Scott Anderson, 509 F. App'x 868 (11th Cir. 2013).unpublished
- United States v. Norman Leon Burgess, 510 F. App'x 888 (11th Cir. 2013).unpublished
- United States v. Kathea Geneva Adams, 518 F. App'x 765 (11th Cir. 2013).unpublished
- United States v. Waldo Gonzalez, 524 F. App'x 557 (11th Cir. 2013).unpublished
- United States v. Jorge Luis Reyes, No. 12-15128 (11th Cir. July 31, 2013).unpublished
- United States v. McIlwain, 772 F.3d 688 (11th Cir. 2014).published
- United States v. Murray, 625 F. App'x 955 (11th Cir. 2015).unpublished
- United States v. Julien Garcon, 580 F. App'x 767 (11th Cir. 2014).unpublished
- Jing Lin v. U.S. Attorney Gen., 522 F. App'x 611 (11th Cir. 2013).unpublished
- United States v. Erick Hinds, 435 F. App'x 832 (11th Cir. 2011).unpublished
- Natika Gant v. Kash 'N Karry Food Stores, 390 F. App'x 943 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Roberto Hernandez, 386 F. App'x 872 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Darrell Knight, Jr., 382 F. App'x 905 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- William M. Windsor v. United States, 379 F. App'x 912 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Cedric Paulk, 372 F. App'x 971 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Jacqueline Ann Demer, 369 F. App'x 979 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Alejandro Rengifo Valentierra, 365 F. App'x 1000 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Sherry Fanning, 365 F. App'x 207 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Juan Carlos Elso, 364 F. App'x 595 (11th Cir. 2010).unpublished
- United States v. Tyrone Mark Holmes, 323 F. App'x 848 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublished
- Carlton Brantley v. Muscogee Cnty. Sch. Dist., 325 F. App'x 754 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublished
- Walker v. Atlanta Police Dep't Pub. Affairs Unit, 322 F. App'x 809 (11th Cir. 2009).unpublished
- Christian Borda v. Michael Chase, 630 F. App'x 889 (11th Cir. 2015).unpublished
- United States v. William A. White, 654 F. App'x 956 (11th Cir. 2016).unpublished
- United States v. Monica L. Lewis, 680 F. App'x 853 (11th Cir. 2017).unpublished
- United States v. Telesforo Lozano, 711 F. App'x 934 (11th Cir. 2017).unpublished
- United States v. Antonio Kilpatrick Heard, No. 18-10479 (11th Cir. Aug. 30, 2018).unpublished
- United States v. Christopher Edgar, No. 19-10007 (11th Cir. Aug. 6, 2019).unpublished
- United States v. James Robert Rice, No. 18-11269 (11th Cir. Aug. 16, 2019).unpublished
- United States v. Elgin Byrd, No. 19-10838 (11th Cir. Feb. 4, 2020).unpublished
- United States v. Randall Keith Midkiff, No. 19-12420 (11th Cir. Mar. 9, 2020).unpublished
- United States v. Jeffery Worthy, No. 20-14855 (11th Cir. Oct. 7, 2021).unpublished
- United States v. Junior Sylvin, No. 20-14270 (11th Cir. Oct. 8, 2021).unpublished
- United States v. Stephen Mayer, No. 20-10231 (11th Cir. Jan. 24, 2022).unpublished
- United States v. Kavita L. Harack, No. 21-11771 (11th Cir. Aug. 25, 2022).unpublished
- Jonida Cepa Brahollari v. U.S. Attorney Gen., No. 21-12930 (11th Cir. Sept. 2, 2022).unpublished
- Sepulveda v. U.S. Attorney Gen., 378 F.3d 1260 (11th Cir. 2004).published
At page 1345 Reviewing commerce clause challenge to statutory provision10 citing cases“ensures, through case-by-case inquiry, that the activity in question affects interstate commerce.”
- United States v. Luis Alberto Riascos Valencia, 169 F. App'x 565 (11th Cir. 2006).unpublishedCt. 1484, 155 L.Ed.2d 231 (2003); United States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1345 (11 Cir.1998). 46 App. U.S.C. § 1903(a) provides, “[i]t is unlawful for any person ... on board a vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United States ..…
- United States v. Antonio Ruff, 154 F. App'x 807 (11th Cir. 2005).unpublishedUnited States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1345 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Myron Dupree, 258 F.3d 1258 (11th Cir. 2001).publishedWe choose to address his claims, and “review [the] constitutional challenge to section 922(g)[] as a question of law, de novo.” United States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1345 (11th Cir.1998).
- United States v. Bunnell, 106 F. Supp. 2d 60 (D. Me. 2000).published(Court rejected a Commerce Clause challenge to § 922(g)(8), finding it constitutional on its face)
- United States v. Jim Edd Baker, 197 F.3d 211 (6th Cir. 1999).publishedSee United States v. Bostic, 168 F.3d 718, 722 (4th Cir.1999); United States v. Cunningham, 161 F.3d 1343, 1345 (11th Cir.1998); United States v. Wilson, 159 F.3d 280, 287 (7th Cir.1998); United States v. Pierson, 139 F.3d 501, 503 (5th Ci…
- United States v. Douglas K. Myers, No. 98-2560 (8th Cir. June 29, 1999).unpublished(§ 922(g)(8))
- United States v. Meade, 175 F.3d 215 (1st Cir. 1999).published
- Serv. Corp. Intern. v. Fulmer, 883 So. 2d 621 (Ala. 2003).published
- United States v. Jay Scott Ballinger, 395 F.3d 1218 (11th Cir. 2002).published
- United States v. Ballinger, 312 F.3d 1264 (11th Cir. 2002).published
v.
Ivan Russell CUNNINGHAM, Defendant-Appellant
This appeal requires us to decide whether Congress exceeded its authority under the Commerce Clause when it enacted 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8), which renders it unlawful for any person who is subject to a protective order that prohibits domestic violence to “possess in or affecting commerce ... any firearm.” We hold that section 922(g)(8) is constitutional, and AFFIRM the defendant’s conviction.
I.
On September 16, 1996, a Florida circuit judge, in Florida’s Second Judicial Circuit, entered an “injunction against repeat violence” that enjoined Ivan Russell Cunningham from assaulting or contacting Debra Gilman. On October 6,1996, an officer of the Tallahassee Police Department found a firearm in Cunningham’s car. After a federal grand jury indicted Cunningham, he filed a motion to dismiss the indictment on the ground that section 922(g)(8) was an unconstitutional exercise of Congress’s Commerce Clause authority. The district court denied Cunningham’s motion, and he entered a conditional plea of guilty.
II.
As a condition of his guilty plea, Cunningham reserved the right to appeal only whether section 922(g)(8) required him to know that his possession of the firearm violated federal law. Nevertheless, because Cunningham has offered no argument on this issue on appeal, we find that he has abandoned it. See Cross v. United States, 893 F.2d 1287, 1289 n. 4 (11th Cir.1990). By virtue of his knowing and voluntary guilty plea, [1] Cunningham waived the right to appeal all other nonjurisdictional challenges to his conviction that arose prior to his plea. See United States v. Tomeny, 144 F.3d 749, 751 (11th Cir.1998). As a result, we will not address Cunningham’s argument that an “injunction against repeat violence” under Florida law does not qualify as an order implicating an “intimate partner” as section 922(g)(8)(C) requires. A guilty plea, however, does not bar an appeal that raises a jurisdictional question. See Tomeny, 144 F.3d at 751. Accordingly, we now turn to the merits of Cunningham’s challenge to section 922(g)(8).
[*1345] III.
Cunningham contends that Congress exceeded its authority under the Commerce Clause when it enacted section 922(g)(8), which provides:
It shall be unlawful for any person—
(8) who is subject to a court order that—
(A) was issued after a hearing of which such person received actual notice, and at which such person had an opportunity to participate;
(B) restrains such person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner of such person or child of such intimate partner or person, or engaging in other conduct that would place an intimate partner in reasonable fear of bodily injury to the partner or child; and
(C)(i) includes a finding that such person represents a credible threat to the physical safety of such intimate partner or child; or
(ii) by its terms explicitly prohibits the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against such intimate partner or child that would reasonably be expected to cause bodily injury;
to ship or transport in interstate or foreign commerce, or possess in or affecting commerce, any firearm or ammunition; or to receive any firearm or ammunition which has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce.
Cunningham relies upon the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 115 S.Ct. 1624, 131 L.Ed.2d 626 (1995), which held that 18 U.S.C. § 922(q), a related statutory provision that outlawed the possession of guns in school zones, was an unconstitutional exercise of Congress’s authority to regulate interstate commerce. We review Cunningham’s constitutional challenge to section 922(g)(8) as a question of law, de novo. See United States v. Dascenzo, 152 F.3d 1300, 1301 (11th Cir.1998).
In Lopez, the Court identified “three broad categories of activity that Congress may regulate under its commerce power,” 514 U.S. at 558, 115 S.Ct. at 1629: (1) Congress “may regulate the use of the channels of interstate commerce,” id.; (2) Congress may “regulate and protect the instrumentalities of interstate commerce, or persons or things in interstate commerce, even though the threat may come only from intrastate activities,” id.; and (3) Congress may “regulate those activities ... that substantially affect interstate commerce,” id. at 558-59, 115 S.Ct. at 1629-30. After observing that the regulation of the mere intrastate possession of a firearm could not be considered regulation of a channel or instrumentality of interstate commerce, the Court reviewed section 922(q) to determine if it regulated an activity substantially affecting interstate commerce. See id. at 559, 115 S.Ct. at 1630. The Court concluded that section 922(q) “by its terms has nothing to do with ‘commerce’ or any sort of economic enterprise, however broadly one might define those terms,” id. at 560, 115 S.Ct. at 1630-31, and accordingly decided that intrastate possession of a firearm in a school zone does not substantially affect interstate commerce, id. at 567, 115 S.Ct. at 1634. In so concluding, the Court observed that section 922(q) “contains no jurisdictional element which would ensure, through case-by-case inquiry, that the firearm possession in question affects interstate commerce.” Id. at 561, 115 S.Ct. at 1631; see id. at 562, 115 S.Ct. at 1631 (“Unlike the statute in [United States v. Bass, 404 U.S. 336, 92 S.Ct. 515, 30 L.Ed.2d 488 (1971), which made it a crime for a felon to ‘receivfe], posses[s], or transport] in commerce or affecting commerce ... any firearm’], § 922(q) has no express jurisdictional element which might limit its reach to a discrete set of firearm possessions that additionally have an explicit connection with or effect on interstate commerce.”).
Unlike the provision invalidated in Lopez, however, section 922(g)(8) contains an explicit jurisdictional element: Congress limited the proscriptive reach of section 922(g)(8) to possession of firearms “in or affecting commerce.” Although we have “rejected the argument that Lopez requires Congress to place a jurisdictional element in every statute enacted pursuant to the Commerce Clause ...United States v. Wright, 117 F.3d 1265, 1269 (11th Cir.) (emphasis added) (citing[*1346] United States v. Olin Corp., 107 F.3d 1506, 1510 (11th Cir.1997)), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 118 S.Ct. 584, 139 L.Ed.2d 422 (1997), vacated in part on other grounds, 133 F.3d 1412 (11th Cir.1998), a statute regulating noneconomic activity necessarily satisfies Lopez if it includes a “jurisdictional element which would ensure, through case-by-case inquiry,” Lopez, 514 U.S. at 561, 115 S.Ct. at 1631, that the defendant’s particular offense affects interstate commerce, see Olin, 107 F.3d at 1509 (“Congress can maintain the constitutionality of its statutes under [the substantial effect standard] by including in each a ‘jurisdictional element....’”).
In United States v. McAllister, 77 F.3d 387, 390 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 117 S.Ct. 262, 136 L.Ed.2d 187 (1996), we upheld against a Commerce Clause challenge 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1), which prohibits possession of a firearm by “any person ... who has been convicted in any court of a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year,” precisely because Congress included in the statute the same jurisdictional element that is at issue in this case. See id. (“§ 922(g) makes it unlawful for a felon to ‘possess in or affecting commerce[ ] any firearm or ammunition.’ This jurisdictional element defeats McAllis-ter’s facial challenge to the constitutionality of § 922(g)(1).”) (internal citation omitted). See also United States v. Nichols, 124 F.3d 1265, 1266 & n. 2 (11th Cir.1997) (applying McAllister and noting that the decision remains good law) (per curiam), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 118 S.Ct. 1096, 140 L.Ed.2d 151 (1998). We follow McAllister and conclude that the jurisdictional element in section 922(g), which applies to both section 922(g)(1) and section 922(g)(8), defeats Cunningham’s facial challenge to the constitutionality of section 922(g)(8).
Although our decision resolves a question of first impression in this Circuit, our conclusion that Congress acted within its authority under the Commerce Clause when it enacted section 922(g)(8) is not unique. Since our decision in McAllister, we have upheld a number of federal statutes in the face of Commerce Clause challenges by relying on Congress’s inclusion of a jurisdictional element that ensures the requisite nexus with interstate commerce on a ease-by-case basis. See, e.g., Belflower v. United States, 129 F.3d 1459, 1461-62 (11th Cir.1997) (upholding 18 U.S.C. § 844(i) against a Lopez challenge and collecting cases rejecting Commerce Clause challenges to various federal statutes). Moreover, the only other two federal circuits that have considered the constitutionality of section 922(g)(8) have concluded that it falls within Congress’s Commerce Clause authority because the jurisdictional provision sufficiently limits the section to cases involving interstate commerce. See United States v. Wilson, 159 F.3d 280 (7th Cir.1998); United States v. Pierson, 139 F.3d 501, 503 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 119 S.Ct. 220, 142 L.Ed.2d 181 (1998).
Cunningham concedes that the firearm that the Tallahassee Police Department found in his possession had traveled in interstate commerce. We have held that no more is required to satisfy the jurisdictional limitations of section 922(g). [2] See McAllister, 77 F.3d at 390 (relying on Scarborough v. United States, 431 U.S. 563, 575, 97 S.Ct. 1963, 1969, 52 L.Ed.2d 582 (1977), for the proposition that “the interstate nexus requirement for the predecessor statute to § 922(g) was met once the government demonstrated that the gun had previously travelled in interstate commerce”); see also Wilson, 159 F.3d at 287 (“[T]he government need only prove ‘a prior movement of the firearm across state lines’ to satisfy the jurisdictional element [of section 922(g) ] and the Commerce Clause.”) (quoting United States v. Lewis, 100 F.3d 49, 51-52 (7th Cir.1996)); Pierson, 139 F.3d at 503-04 (“[T]he ‘in or affecting’ commerce element [of section 922(g)] can be satisfied if the illegally possessed firearm had previously traveled in interstate commerce.”) (citing United States v. Rawls, 85 F.3d 240, 242 (5th Cir.1996), and Scarborough, 431 U.S. at 575, 97 S.Ct. at 1969).
[*1347] Accordingly, we hold that section 922(g)(8) is a constitutional exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause and that its application to Cunningham is constitutional as well. We AFFIRM Cunningham’s con: viction.
. Of course, the rule that a defendant’s guilty plea waives all prior nonjurisdictional claims on appeal depends on the knowing and voluntary nature of the plea. See United States v. Pierre, 120 F.3d 1153, 1156-57 (11th Cir.1997).
. Moreover, in United States v. Viscome, 144 F.3d 1365, 1370 (11th Cir.), cert denied,-U.S.-, 119 S.Ct. 362, 142 L.Ed.2d 299 (1998), we held that a similar as-applied challenge to the sufficiency of the government’s evidence on the connection with commerce was nonjurisdictional, and that a defendant’s guilty plea, therefore, waived the issue on appeal.