Brenda Cash v. Sylvia Smith, 231 F.3d 1301 (11th Cir. 2000). · Go Syfert
Brenda Cash v. Sylvia Smith, 231 F.3d 1301 (11th Cir. 2000). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
333 citation events (333 in the last 25 years) across 40 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: John Doe by and through A.W. v. Hernando County School District (flmd, 2024-08-26) · Strongest negative: Parker v. Children's National Medical Center, Inc. (mdd, 2024-03-04)
Treatment trajectory · 2001 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2001 2013 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Limited Parker v. Children's National Medical Center, Inc.
D. Maryland · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1301 , 1306 (11th Cir. 2000) (affirming grant of summary judgment to employer on ADA claim because employee had not “shown that she was substantially limited in any major life activity at the time of the employment actions complained of”). 981 F.3d 1265, 1273 (11th Cir. 2020); see Jeudy v. Attorney Gen., Dept. of Justice, 482 F. App’x 517, 520 (11th Cir. 2012) (finding that while the plaintiff argued that “she suffered from severe pelvic pain due to fibroids on her uterus and that as a result this limited her ability to walk, stand and climb stairs,” the p…
discussed Limited Kendra Munoz v. Selig Enterprises, Inc.
11th Cir. · 2020 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1301 , 1306 (11th Cir. 2000) (affirming grant of summary judgment to employer on ADA claim because employee had not “shown that she was 12 USCA11 Case: 18-14606 Date Filed: 12/04/2020 Page: 13 of 71 substantially limited in any major life activity at the time of the employment actions complained of”).
discussed Limited William Collado v. United Parcel Service Co. (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
11th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
As Collado’s testimony that we have previously quoted establishes, he is able to drive, etc. See Cash, 231 F.3d at 1306 (stating that plaintiffs testimony that she was “an active person who walks, swims, fishes, and had held a 40-hour-a-week job” showed she was not substantially limited in any major life activity).
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) John Doe by and through A.W. v. Hernando County School District
M.D. Fla. · 2024 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
cases decided under the rehabilitation act are precedent for cases under the ada, and vice-versa.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Sigley v. ND Paper, LLC
N.D.W. Va. · 2023 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the statute and regulation cited by cash do not govern voluntary disclosures initiated by the memorandum opinion and order employee. . . .
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Rickey Christmas v. Lieutenant J. Nabors
11th Cir. · 2023 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
cases decided under the rehabilitation act are precedent for cases under the ada, and vice versa.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Candameia Bender v. Secretary, Department of Defense
11th Cir. · 2022 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
cases decided under the rehabilitation act are precedent for cases under the ada, and vice-versa.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Mendenhall v. Kendall
S.D. Ala. · 2022 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
cases decided under the rehabilitation act are precedent for cases under the ada, and vice-versa.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Norris v. Opelika City Board of Education
M.D. Ala. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
discrimination claims under the rehabilitation act are governed by the same standards used in ada cases" and "ases decided under the rehabilitation act are precedent for cases under the ada, and vice-versa.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) LANGE v. HOUSTON COUNTY, GEORGIA
M.D. Ga. · 2020 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
discrimination claims under the rehabilitation act are governed by the same standards used in ada cases.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Kenneth Palmer v. Robert A. McDonald
11th Cir. · 2020 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
cases decided under the rehabilitation act are precedent for cases under the ada, and vice-versa.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Kinard v. Centurion of Florda, LLC
M.D. Fla. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
discrimination claims under the rehabilitation act are governed by the same standards used in ada cases.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) RENNER v. SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA
N.D. Fla. · 2019 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
discrimination claims under the rehabilitation act are governed by the same standards used in ada cases.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Kimberly Lowe v. STME, LLC
11th Cir. · 2019 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the employment action that cash is complaining of occurred in late april and early may of 1998, and we evaluate her disability as manifested at that time.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Matthew Ladd v. City of West Palm Beach
11th Cir. · 2017 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
discrimination claims under the rehabilitation act are governed by the same standards used in ada cases.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Theresa Marie Schindler Schiavo v. Michael Schiavo (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
11th Cir. · 2005 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
cases decided under the rehabilitation act are precedent for cases under the ada, and vice-versa.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Eva Ryals v. United States Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice, and Federal Bureau of Prisons
M.D. Fla. · 2026 · confidence medium
Therefore, “cases involving the ADA are precedent for those involving the Rehabilitation Act.” See Ellis, 432 F.3d at 1326 (citing Cash, 231 F.3d at 1305).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Kathy Hall Gordon v. Bibb County School District (3×)
11th Cir. · 2023 · confidence medium
Id. at 1305.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ryan Walker v. United Parcel Service, Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see"
11th Cir. · 2022 · confidence medium
Among other things, the district court found as a matter of law that Walker did not establish that he engaged in statutorily protected activity -- the first prima facie element of FMLA retaliation -- because he did not establish that he had a “serious health condition.” See Cash, 231 F.3d at 1307.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Martinez v. Aspen Dental Management, Inc. (2×)
M.D. Fla. · 2022 · confidence medium
LEXIS 4136 , at *7; Cash, 231 F.3d at 1307.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Epperson v. Evonik Corporation (2×)
N.D. Ala. · 2019 · confidence medium
Cash, 231 F.3d at 1307.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Fred Taylor v. City of Shreveport
unknown court · 2015 · confidence medium
England, Inc., 644 F.3d at 1046-48 ; Cash, 231 F.3d at 1303, 1307-08. 59 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jenny I. Morales v. Georgia Department of Human Resources (2×)
11th Cir. · 2011 · confidence medium
The ADA defines disability as “(A) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities of such individual; (B) a record of such an impairment; or (C) being regarded as having such an impairment.” 42 U.S.C. § 12102 (1). 1 On the issue of whether an impairment substantially limits a major life activity, “[w]e are guided ... by the regulations promulgated by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which state that major life activities means functions such as caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breath…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sheerer v. Hamilton County Board of Health (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
S.D. Ohio · 2010 · confidence medium
For example, in Cash v. Smith, the plaintiff disclosed her medical condition to her boss “in confidence” but not pursuant to an FMLA request nor in response to any specific questioning. 231 F.3d at 1303.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Judith Gunzburger v. Sheriff of Broward County
11th Cir. · 2010 · confidence medium
Cruz v. Publix Super Markets, Inc., 428 F.3d 1379, 1385 (11th Cir.2005) (holding an employer did not violate FMLA, because the doctor’s note the employee provided did not state a qualifying condition, and “[t]he employee cannot merely demand leave; he must give the employer a reason to believe that he is entitled to it”); Cash, 231 F.3d at 1307 (affirming summary judgment for employer after the employee’s physician indicated on the FMLA certification form that the employee did not qualify for FMLA benefits); see also Stoops, 141 F.3d at 313-14 (holding an employer does not violate the …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Brenda Joyce Lowery v. Ronald Strength (2×)
11th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
Id. at 1386.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Walker v. Gambrell
D. Maryland · 2009 · confidence medium
Cash, 231 F.3d at 1307; Ballard, v. Healthsouth Corp., 147 F.Supp.2d 529, 534-35 (N.D.Tex.2001).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sammy E. Simpson, II v. AL Dept of Human Resources (2×) also: Cited "see"
11th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
Cash, 231 F.3d at 1305; see also 42 U.S.C. § 12102 (2).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Ford Motor Credit Co.
M.D. Tenn. · 2008 · confidence medium
Contrasting Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d at 1303-04, where the plaintiff had disclosed her medical condition to her boss “in confidence” but not pursuant to an FMLA request (which she made after her disclosure) nor in response to any specific questioning, and had, in addition, “freely discussed her illness with other ... employees,” the court in Doe found that “[i]t was ... the Postal Service, acting pursuant to [the FMLA’s] statutory authorization, not Doe , that initiated the inquiry into his medical condition by asking for this medical certification.” Doe, 317 F.3d at 344 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Greenberg v. BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc.
11th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
Major life activities are further defined by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) as “functions such as caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working.” 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2 (f); Cash, 231 F.3d at 1305.
cited Cited as authority (rule) McCloud v. Potter
S.D. Ala. · 2007 · confidence medium
Cash, 231 F.3d at 1306.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Barbara Fluharty Jowers Darwin v. Jim Nicholson
11th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
"Discrimination claims under the Rehabilitation Act are governed by the same standards used in ADA cases.” Cash, 231 F.3d at 1305. 4 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Robert Dixon v. Chief Toole (2×) also: Cited "see"
11th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
“Summary judgment is proper if the pleadings, depositions, and affidavits show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Id. at 1305 (quotations and citation omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jerome Bennett v. Cari M. Dominguez (2×)
11th Cir. · 2006 · confidence medium
Cash, 231 F.3d at 1305.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Leroy Pinckney v. John E. Potter
11th Cir. · 2006 · confidence medium
“To be substantially limited in the major life activity of working, an individual must be precluded from more than one type of job, even if the job foreclosed is the individual's job of choice.” Cash, 231 F.3d at 1306.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Allen v. United States Postmaster General
11th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
Cash, 231 F.3d at 1306.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Gordon v. MCG Health, Inc. (3×) also: Cited "see"
S.D. Ga. · 2003 · confidence medium
Cash, 231 F.3d at 1306-07.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Gallups v. City of Alexander City (2×) also: Cited "see"
M.D. Ala. · 2003 · confidence medium
See Sutton v. United Air Lines, 527 U.S. 471, 492 , 119 S.Ct. 2139 , 144 L.Ed.2d 450 (1999); Cash, 231 F.3d at 1306.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Doe v. United States Postal Service (2×)
D.C. Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
Defending the district court’s decision here, the Postal Service relies on Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1301 (11th Cir.2000), an FMLA case in which the Eleventh Circuit rejected the plaintiffs confidentiality claim on the ground that section 12112(d) does not govern “voluntary disclosures initiated by the employee.” Id. at 1307.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Morehardt v. Spirit Airlines, Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see"
M.D. Fla. · 2001 · confidence medium
Id. at 1307. 40 . 97 F.Supp.2d 208, 214 (D.P.R.2000), reversed and remanded on other grounds, 261 F.3d 90 , 2001 WL 929885 (1st Cir.2001). 41 .
examined Cited as authority (rule) Lottinger v. Shell Oil Co. (3×) also: Cited "see"
S.D. Tex. · 2001 · confidence medium
See Burch, 119 F.3d at 316 (although alcoholism affected how the plaintiff lived and worked, far more is required to trigger coverage under the ADA); accord Cooper, 246 F.3d at 1088 (plaintiffs description of her thirty-year history of depression as causing a “negative impact” was not sufficient to allow an inference of a substantial limitation); Cash, 231 F.3d at 1306 (while plaintiffs diabetes, migraines, and depression have had an adverse impact on her life, there is no evidence that they have limited her in a major life activity); Nelson, 2000 WL 743684 , at *4 (plaintiff failed to sho…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Douglas Lowe v. Alabama Power
11th Cir. · 2001 · confidence medium
In order to establish a prima facie case of disability discrimination, Lowe must establish that he “(1) is disabled, (2) is a qualified individual, and (3) was subjected to unlawful discrimination because of h[is] disability.” Cash, 231 F.3d at 1305.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Douglas Lowe v. Alabama Power
11th Cir. · 2001 · confidence medium
In order to establish a prima facie case of disability discrimination, Lowe must establish that he “(1) is disabled, (2) is a qualified individual, and (3) was subjected to unlawful discrimination because of h[is] disability.” Cash, 231 F.3d at 1305.
cited Cited "see" Jaketra Bryant v. Calvary Christian School of Columbus Georgia Inc
11th Cir. · 2026 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1301 , 1305 (11th Cir. 2000).
cited Cited "see" Susan Gossett v. Jiudicy Inc d/b/a Labor Finders
M.D. Ga. · 2026 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1301 , 1307 (11th Cir. 2000).
discussed Cited "see" Aileen Mullin v. Secretary, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
11th Cir. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1301 , 1307 (11th Cir. 2000) (finding no unlawful disclosure where the matter disclosed at issue “was not of the result of an examination ordered by [the employer], but of a voluntary disclosure” by the employee to the employer).
cited Cited "see" Amanda Christian v. Sanoh America, Inc.
N.D. Ala. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1301 , 1307 (11th Cir. 2000).
discussed Cited "see" Aileen Mullin v. Secretary, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
11th Cir. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1301 , 1307 (11th Cir. 2000) (finding no un- lawful disclosure where the matter disclosed at issue “was not of the result of an examination ordered by [the employer], but of a voluntary disclosure” by the employee to the employer).
discussed Cited "see" KLEMMER v. MGM RESORTS INTERNATIONAL, INC. (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
D.N.J. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See Sheriff, 2013 WL 4084081 , at *8 (citing Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1301 , 1307 (11th Cir. 2000) (“Cash”) and EEOC v. C.R.
discussed Cited "see" NIXON v. ANCHOR GLASS CONTAINER CORPORATION (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
M.D. Ga. · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cash, 231 F.3d at 1307; see also Cronk v. Dolgencorp, LLC, No. 16-11616, 2017 WL 2225108 , at *12 (E.D.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Brenda CASH, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
Sylvia SMITH, Alabama Power Company, Defendants-Appellees
99-12797.
Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Nov 1, 2000.
231 F.3d 1301
Claudia H. Pearson, Nakamura & Quinn, Thomas E. Reynolds, Haskell, Slaughter & Young, L.L.C., Birmingham, AL, for Plaintiff-Appellant., Douglas B. Kauffman, Edward S. Allen, Balch & Bingham, Birmingham, AL, for Defendants-Appellees.
Edmondson, Birch, Shapiro.
Published
6 passages pin-cited by 13 cases
Pinpoint authority: #4,684 of 633,719
Citer courts: Eleventh Circuit (6) · M.D. Florida (2) · M.D. Alabama (1) · S.D. Alabama (1) · N.D. Florida (1) · M.D. Georgia (1) · N.D. West Virginia (1)
BIRCH, Circuit Judge:

This appeal requires us to determine whether the plaintiff, Brenda Cash, had a medical condition that qualifies as a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act. The district court, finding that Cash’s physical impairments did not rise to the level of a disability under the ADA, granted defendant Alabama Power Company’s motion for summary judgment. We AFFIRM.

I. BACKGROUND

Brenda Cash began her association with the Alabama Power Company (“APCO”) in 1986, working as an outside contractor who provided typesetting support for the graphics department in APCO’s in-house print shop. In 1989, she accepted full-time employment in the print shop, where she continued to do typesetting work for the next four years. In 1993, Cash’s duties broadened to include providing administrative support within the print shop, such as handling the billing records and employee time sheets. In 1996, the print shop purchased a computerized tracking system called the “PSI,” which was intended to monitor the progress of the shop’s orders and automate its billing system. Cash, while still performing her' administrative duties, was assigned the responsibility of implementing the new system. To this point in her career at the print shop, Cash had always received positive performance reviews from her supervisor, Marvin Fritz.

Cash had suffered from various medical problems for years, including diagnoses of mitral valve prolapse, migraine headaches, depression, high blood pressure, and the removal of a brain tumor, but there is no evidence that these conditions had any adverse effects on Cash’s work performance. In 1997, however, Cash was diagnosed with a seizure disorder in August and adult-onset diabetes in October. These developments roughly coincided with Marvin Fritz retiring and Sylvia Smith replacing him as manager of the print shop in September. Cash claims that she told Smith of her diabetes diagnosis in confidence, and that Smith violated that confidence by telling other print shop employees the nature of her illness.

[*1304] Cash began missing work with increased frequency after she was diagnosed with the seizure disorder and diabetes. By the end of 1997, she had completely exhausted all of her paid sick leave and vacation time for the year, but Smith permitted Cash to take unpaid leave whenever she requested it. Cash was entitled to a new allotment of vacation time in January 1998, and was frequently absent from work in the early part of that year for both medical and other personal reasons. In response to Cash’s absenteeism, Smith contacted APCO’s disability management department to find out what was the appropriate course of action. Smith was told to have Cash complete APCO’s standard Family and Medical Leave Act paperwork in order to discover the seriousness of Cash’s illnesses and determine whether she qualified for disability or FMLA leave. After examining and speaking with Cash, Dr. Beaty, her personal physician, filled out the FMLA forms and indicated that Cash was not disabled and did not require FMLA leave.

From the time she took over as manager in September 1997, Smith had viewed the implementation of the PSI as one of the print shop’s main priorities, and to that end relieved Cash of her administrative duties so that she could focus exclusively on getting the PSI up and running. Smith set a target date of January 1998 for Cash to have the PSI fully implemented, which meant having the software installed to the print shop’s specifications and the employees trained in its use. The PSI software was installed on time, but Smith was not satisfied that it was tailored to meet the print shop’s specific needs, and the employees were not adequately trained in its use. As of the time Cash filed her lawsuit, the PSI was still not operational.

In January 1998, a typesetter in the print shop resigned from her job, and Cash volunteered to assume typesetting duties to compensate for the vacancy until the spot was filled. Rather than hire another typesetter, however, Smith permanently reassigned Cash to typesetting duties. Smith then created and posted a new position, called “print specialist.” The primary responsibility of the print specialist was to be the implementation and management of the operations of the PSI, but the position also encompassed other duties, such as handling vendor relationships and providing customer support. Twelve people, including Cash, applied for the print specialist job in April 1998. A hiring committee interviewed the twelve applicants and asked four of them to return for a second interview, but Cash was not one of them. The committee eventually hired Mary Guarino for the position, a woman whom seven of the eight members of the committee had agreed was the most qualified applicant.

Cash continued to perform typesetting duties in the print shop after she was not hired for the print specialist job, but she soon began applying for other positions within APCO. In May 1998, she was given a new job in a new department as a client service representative, for which she received a pay raise. After transferring to her new job, Cash had to be hospitalized for depression in late July 1998, and did not return to work until September. In late September, however, she again underwent in-patient treatment for depression.

On 28 May 1998, Cash brought this lawsuit, alleging violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Rehabilitation Act, and the Family and Medical Leave Act, as well as asserting state law claims for invasion of privacy and interference with business relations. Smith and APCO filed a motion for summary judgment on all counts of Cash’s complaint, which the district court granted. [1]

II. DISCUSSION

We review the decision of a district court to grant a summary judgment de novo, applying the same legal standards that were applicable in the trial court. See [*1305] Hilburn v. Murata Elecs. N. America, Inc., 181 F.3d 1220, 1225 (11th Cir.1999). “Summary judgment is proper if the pleadings, depositions, and affidavits show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Pritchard v. Southern Co. Servs., 92 F.3d 1130, 1132 (11th Cir.1996). While we apply a de novo standard of review to the district court’s legal conclusions, we must resolve any factual questions with all reasonable inferences being drawn in favor of the non-movant. See Hilburn, 181 F.3d at 1225.

A. Discrimination under the Americans unth Disabilities Act and Rehabilitation Act

The basis of Cash’s primary ADA and Rehabilitation Act claims is that Smith discriminated against her based on her medical conditions when she both removed Cash from the task of implementing the PSI and subsequently failed to hire her for the print specialist position. In order to establish a prima facie case of discrimination under the ADA, Cash must demonstrate that she (1) is disabled, (2) is a qualified individual, and (3) was subjected to unlawful discrimination because of her disability. See 42 U.S.C. § 12112(a); Gordon v. E.L. Hamm & Assocs., Inc., 100 F.3d 907, 910 (11th Cir.1996). Discrimination claims under the Rehabilitation Act are governed by the same standards used in ADA cases, see 29 U.S.C. § 794(d), and therefore we will discuss these two claims together. [2]

Our initial inquiry is whether Cash’s various medical problems rose to the level of a disability. The ADA and the regulations interpreting the Rehabilitation Act both define “disability” [3] as “(A) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of such individual; (B) a record of such an impairment; or (C) being regarded as having such an impairment.” 42 U.S.C. § 12102(2); see 34 C.F.R. § 104.3(j)(l). Cash did not clearly articulate which of the three statutory definitions of disability she was proceeding under, so we will examine each in turn.

It is not disputed that Cash suffers from a number of medical conditions that could each be regarded as impairments. The question, however, is whether these impairments substantially limit one or more major life activities. We are guided on this issue by the regulations promulgated by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which state that “[m]ajor [l]ife [ajetivities means functions such as caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working.” 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(i).

Cash has exhaustively chronicled her many health problems and enumerated their symptoms, but she has failed to specify a major life activity in which she is substantially limited, nor has she provided any evidence of such a limitation. Cash’s seizure disorder results in her experiencing “focal” seizures, which can last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes and result in her feeling numb on the left side of her body. Cash is briefly incapacitated during the short period when she is experiencing a seizure, but she can resume her normal activity after it passes. The seizures occur mainly at night, and Cash testified to having experienced only one seizure at work during 1997. Cash’s seizure disorder is a chronic one, but since her diagnosis in August 1997, it has largely been controlled by medication. [4]

[*1306] In short, Cash has established that she occasionally suffers from focal seizures, but she has not shown that these seizures have limited any of her major life activities. The same is true of her diabetes, migraines, and depression; [5] while they certainly have had an adverse impact on Cash’s life, there is no evidence that they have limited her in a major life activity. The most telling evidence on this point is Cash’s own deposition testimony, in which she stated that despite all of her ailments, she considers herself an active person who walks, swims, fishes, and had held a 40-hour-a-week job for the previous eight years. Thus, we cannot say that Cash has shown that she was substantially limited in any major life activity at the time of the employment actions complained of, as required by 42 U.S.C. § 12102(2)(A). Nor can we say that Cash adduced evidence of a “record of such impairment” under 42 U.S.C. § 12102(2)(B).

The final question under the ADA and Rehabilitation Act, then, is whether Cash presented evidence that APCO “regarded” her as having an impairment that substantially limited a major life activity under 42 U.S.C. § 12102(2)(C). The only evidence in the record bearing upon this point is a document indicating that APCO prohibited Cash from driving a company vehicle once it became aware of the extent of her medical problems. [6] Cash’s briefing does not argue that driving a company vehicle is itself a major life activity; rather, we construe her argument to be that APCO regarded her as substantially limited in the major life activity of working. [7]

In order for Cash to establish that APCO regarded her as substantially limited in her ability to work, she must prove that APCO considered her as “significantly restricted in the ability to perform either a class of jobs or a broad range of jobs in various classes as compared to the aVerage person having comparable training, skills, and abilities.” 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(j)(3)(i); see Standard v. A.B.E.L. Servs., Inc., 161 F.3d 1318, 1327 (11th Cir.1998). To be substantially limited in the major life activity of working, an individual must be precluded from more than one type of job, even if the job foreclosed is the individual’s job of choice. See Sutton, 527 U.S. at 492, 119 S.Ct. 2139. If jobs utilizing an individual’s skills are available, that individual is not considered substantially limited in her ability to work. See id.

Under the ADA and Rehabilitation Act standards just discussed, we reject Cash’s argument that APCO regarded her as substantially limited in the major life activity of working only because it would not permit her to drive a company car. Cash makes the conclusory allegation that not being able to drive a company car disquali-[*1307] fíes her from a large segment of the labor market, but she fails to identify the broad range of jobs foreclosed. Not only were jobs utilizing Cash’s skills available, but APCO was in fact employing Cash in such a job at the time of the actions complained of, and it continued to do so. Further, there is no evidence that APCO viewed her restriction on driving a company car as limiting her in the performance of her duties in any way. Cash has failed to present any evidence that APCO regarded her as substantially limited in the major life activity of working.

Cash did not present any evidence that she suffered from or was regarded as having a disability as that term is defined by the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act. She has therefore failed to establish a prima facie case under these statutes, and the district court was correct in granting APCO’s motion for summary judgment on these counts.

B. Discrimination under the Family and Medical Leave Act

Cash alleges that she was removed from working on the PSI and was not given the print specialist position in retaliation for taking time off from work for medical reasons. In order to establish a prima facie case under the FMLA, Cash must show that “(1) she availed herself of a protected right; (2) she suffered an adverse employment decision; and (3) there is a causal connection between the protected activity and the adverse employment decision.” See Earl v. Mervyns, Inc., 207 F.3d 1361, 1367 (11th Cir.2000) (per curiam).

The FMLA provides that employees may take up to twelve weeks of unpaid leave for, among other things, “a serious health condition that makes the employee unable to perform the functions of the position of such employee.” 29 U.S.C. § 2612(a)(1)(D). Given the standard, it logically follows that not all leave requested or taken for medical reasons qualifies for the FMLA’s protections. For this reason, employers have a statutory right to require an employee requesting FMLA leave to obtain certification that attests to the employee’s eligibility for such leave from a health care provider. See 29 U.S.C. § 2613(a).

In this case, Cash has failed to present evidence that she exercised a protected right under the FMLA. APCO requested that Cash have her doctor complete the company’s standard FMLA certification form, and Cash’s personal physician indicated on the form that Cash did not qualify for FMLA leave because her conditions were being controlled by medication, and she was able to perform the functions of her position. Cash did not provide APCO with certification that her medical conditions met the statutory standard, and therefore the medical leave that she did take was not under the auspices of the FMLA. The district court correctly granted APCO’s motion for summary judgment on the FMLA count.

C. “Unlatvful Disclosure” under the ADA Rehabilitation Act, and FMLA

Cash claims that Smith violated nondisclosure provisions of the ADA, Rehabilitation Act, and FMLA when she told other print shop employees that Cash had diabetes. Smith argues that 42 U.S.C. § 12112(d) and 29 C.F.R. § 1630.14(c) create a private cause of action for such a disclosure. We need not decide whether the sections Cash refers us to do in fact create a cause of action, because, on their face, they do not apply to the facts of this case. The statute enumerates the situations in which an employer may require an employee to submit to a medical examination, see 42 U.S.C. § 12112(d), and the regulation states that the results of any such examination shall be considered confidential, see 29 C.F.R. § 1630.14(c)(1). In this case, the disclosure that Cash complains of was not of the result of an examination ordered by APCO, but of a voluntary disclosure that Cash made to Smith. The statute and regulation cited by Cash do not govern voluntary disclosures initiated by the employee, and therefore the[*1308] district court correctly granted APCO’s motion for summary judgment on this count.

D. Invasion of Privacy

Cash argues that Smith’s disclosure of her diabetes diagnosis to the print shop employees was an actionable invasion of privacy under Alabama law. In Alabama, it is settled that the tort of invasion of privacy consists of four distinct wrongs:

(1) intruding into the plaintiffs physical solitude or seclusion; (2) giving publicity to private information about the plaintiff that violates ordinary decency; (3) putting the plaintiff in a false, but not necessarily defamatory, position in the public eye; or (4) appropriating some element of the plaintiffs personality for a commercial use.

Johnston v. Fuller, 706 So.2d 700, 701 (Ala.1997). The only form of the tort that could possibly apply to Cash’s complaint is the second, “giving publicity to private information.”

An important corollary to the invasion of privacy tort is that a plaintiff cannot claim a right of privacy in publicly known information. See Johnston, 706 So.2d at 703 n. 2; Abernathy v. Thornton, 263 Ala. 496, 83 So.2d 235, 237 (1955). Cash’s deposition testimony, however, establishes that she did not treat her diabetes condition as a private matter herself. It is undisputed that Cash freely discussed her illness with other print shop employees, and, therefore, she cannot claim that Smith’s disclosure of this information invaded her privacy. The district court correctly granted APCO’s motion for summary judgment on this count.

III. CONCLUSION

Cash appealed the district court’s granting of APCO’s motion for summary judgment on her ADA, Rehabilitation Act, FMLA, and state tort claims, arguing that the district court had failed to properly credit the evidence she presented. As we have explained, Cash failed to make a pri-ma facie showing on any of the counts in her complaint, and the district court was correct in granting APCO’s motion for summary judgment. Accordingly, the summary judgment granted by the district court is AFFIRMED.

1

. Cash does not appeal the district court's granting of APCO’s motion for summary judgment as to her interference with business relations claim.

2

.Cases decided under the Rehabilitation Act are precedent for cases under the ADA, and vice-versa. See Pritchard, 92 F.3d at 1132 n. 2.

3

.The regulations construing the Rehabilitation Act, which was passed in 1973, actually use the term "handicap” rather than the ADA term "disability.” In the context of this case, however, it is clear that the terms can be used interchangeably, and so we will use the term "disability” in describing the standards under both statutes.

4

.The Supreme Court has made it clear that the determination whether an individual is disabled for ADA purposes is to be made with reference to measures that mitigate the im[*1306] pairment. See Sutton v. United Air Lines, Inc., 527 U.S. 471, 475, 119 S.Ct. 2139, 2143, 144 L.Ed.2d 450 (1999).

5

. The fact that Cash was eventually hospitalized for depression in July and September of 1998 is irrelevant to this case. The employment action that Cash is complaining of occurred in late April and early May of 1998, and we evaluate her disability as manifested at that time. See Browning v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 178 F.3d 1043, 1047 (8th Cir.1999); cf. Hilburn, 181 F.3d at 1230 (employer had to know of disability at time of adverse action in order to discriminate).

6

. This is not evidence that Cash actually was substantially limited in her ability to drive automobiles. The deposition testimony of her personal physician indicated that, given the localized nature of her seizures, Cash's seizure disorder does not necessarily limit her ability to drive. Further, Cash has not presented any evidence that she is unable to drive her personal automobile.

7

. We note that the Supreme Court has expressed having "conceptual difficulty in defining 'major life activities’ to include work, for it seems 'to argue in a circle to say that if one is excluded ... by reason of [an impairment from working with others] ... then that exclusion constitutes an impairment, when the question you’re asking is, whether the exclusion itself is by reason of handicap.’ " Sutton, 527 U.S. at 492, 119 S.Ct. at 2151. This circuit, however, has entertained such arguments in the past, and we do not reconsider the question here. See, e.g., Gordon, 100 F.3d at 911-12.