A district court abuses its discretion on a Rule 60(b) motion only if the decision rests on an error of law or a clearly erroneous factual finding.
A qui tam relator appeals a district court’s denial of a Rule 60(b)(1) motion for reconsideration and an order imposing attorney sanctions. The court reviews the denial of the Rule 60(b) motion for abuse of discretion, defining the standard as a decision resting on an error of law or a clearly erroneous factual finding. The district court correctly exercised its discretion because the relator requested leave to amend rather than asserting a right to amend, and the court made no mistake in declining to infer a different intent. The court also affirms the sanctions order, finding that the attorney’s conduct was completely without merit and undertaken for an improper purpose. The appeal from the underlying judgment is dismissed for lack of jurisdiction due to an untimely notice of appeal.
At page 125 Reviewing abuse of discretion on motions and sanctions31 citing cases“rests on an error of law or a clearly erroneous factual finding”
- Ducky-Momo, LLC v. Robert E. Derecktor, Inc., No. 7:15-cv-09372 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 20, 2021).(A court may award § 1927 sanctions only when the attorney’s actions are so completely without merit as to require the conclusion that they must have been undertaken for some improper purpose.)
- Robert E. Derecktor, Inc. v. Bruderman et, No. 7:15-cv-08257 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 19, 2021).(A court may award § 1927 sanctions only when the attorney’s actions are so completely without merit as to require the conclusion that they must have been undertaken for some improper purpose.)
- Commerzbank AG v. U.S. Bank, N.A., 100 F.4th 362 (2d Cir. 2024).published“be found within the range of permissible decisions”
- Pelczar v. Pelczar, 833 F. App'x 872 (2d Cir. 2020).unpublishedCtr., 642 F.3d 121, 125 (2d Cir. 2011).
- Baker v. Gates, 638 F. App'x 25 (2d Cir. 2015).unpublishedCtr., 642 F.3d 121, 125 (2d Cir.2011), though the denial of a Rule 60(b)(4) motion challenging an underlying judgment as void is reviewed de novo, see Central Vt.
- 3939 WPR Funding LLC v. Campbell (In re Campbell), 539 B.R. 66 (S.D.N.Y. 2015).publishedCtr., 642 F.3d 121, 125 (2d Cir.2011).
- Roistacher v. Bondi ex rel. Est. of Jaray, 624 F. App'x 20 (2d Cir. 2015).unpublishedCtr., 642 F.3d 121, 125 (2d Cir.2011).
- Porter v. Sauve, 605 F. App'x 72 (2d Cir. 2015).unpublishedCtr., 642 F.3d 121, 125 (2d Cir.2011).
- Hutter v. Countrywide Bank, N.A., 41 F. Supp. 3d 363 (S.D.N.Y. 2014).published Ctr., 642 F.3d 121, 125-26 (2d Cir.2011); Gollomp v. Spitzer, 568 F.3d 355, 368 (2d Cir.2009).
- Whitaker v. New York Univ., 543 F. App'x 113 (2d Cir. 2013).unpublishedCtr., 642 F.3d 121, 125 (2d Cir.2011).
Show 21 more citing cases
- Saleh v. Qderopateo LLC, 537 F. App'x 5 (2d Cir. 2013).unpublishedJohnson, 642 F.3d at 125.
- De Curtis v. Ferrandina, 529 F. App'x 85 (2d Cir. 2013).unpublishedCtr., 642 F.3d 121, 125 (2d Cir.2011).
- Padilla v. Maersk Lind, Ltd., 721 F.3d 77 (2d Cir. 2013).publishedCtr., 642 F.3d 121, 125 (2d Cir.2011).
- Arena v. Vill. of Suffern, 519 F. App'x 61 (2d Cir. 2013).unpublished“A court abuses its discretion when (1) its decision rests on an error of law or a clearly erroneous factual finding; or (2) cannot be found within the range of permissible decisions”
- Rankin v. City of Niagara Falls, 293 F.R.D. 375 (W.D.N.Y. 2013).published Ctr., 642 F.3d 121 (2d Cir.2011), Agola was sanctioned for alleging that a defendant made an unsolicited, libel ous statement about her client. 642 F.3d at 125.
- Moreno-Cuevas v. Huntington Learning Ctr., 501 F. App'x 64 (2d Cir. 2012).unpublished“A court abuses it[s] discretion when (1) its decision rests on an error of law or a clearly erroneous factual finding; or (2) cannot be found within the range of permissible decisions”
- Women's Integrated Network, Inc. v. United States Speciality Ins., 495 F. App'x 129 (2d Cir. 2012).unpublished Ctr., 642 F.3d at 124 (holding that court lacked jurisdiction over appeal from judgment dismissing complaint because motion for reconsideration was filed outside 28-day window imposed by Fed.
- Maunsell v. WCAX TV, 477 F. App'x 845 (2d Cir. 2012).unpublished(stating that reconsideration under Fed. R.Civ.P. 60(b)(1) is permissible in case of mistake or inadvertence)
- Melendez v. Greiner, 477 F. App'x 801 (2d Cir. 2012).unpublished“when (1) its decision rests on an error of law or a clearly erroneous factual finding; or (2) cannot be found within the range of permissible decisions”
- Niederland v. Chase, 425 F. App'x 10 (2d Cir. 2011).unpublishedCtr., 642 F.3d at 125; Gey Assocs.
- Ayazi v. United Fed'n of Teachers Local 2, 487 F. App'x 680 (2d Cir. 2012).unpublished
- Rafter v. Fleet Boston Fin. Corp., 523 F. App'x 79 (2d Cir. 2013).unpublished
- Manigaulte v. C.W. Post of Long Island Univ., 533 F. App'x 4 (2d Cir. 2013).unpublished
- Zaltz v. Wells Fargo Home Mortg., 529 F. App'x 95 (2d Cir. 2013).unpublished
- Simon v. City of New York, 727 F.3d 167 (2d Cir. 2013).published
- Boca Raton Firefighters & Police Pension Fund v. Bahash, 574 F. App'x 21 (2d Cir. 2014).unpublished
- CesFin Ventures LLC v. Al Ghaith Holding Co. PJSC, 852 F. App'x 572 (2d Cir. 2021).unpublished
- L v. Chishti, No. 25-2163 (2d Cir. May 27, 2026).unpublished
- McKeown v. State of New York, No. 10-4561 (2d Cir. Jan. 3, 2012).unpublished
- Watts-Devine v. United States, 616 F. App'x 9 (2d Cir. 2015).unpublished
- McKeown v. New York, 444 F. App'x 508 (2d Cir. 2012).unpublished
At page 126 Finding attorney misconduct warranting sanctions under rule 19274 citing casesattorney pursued claims with no basis in law or fact
- EscapeX IP, LLC v. Google LLC, No. 1:23-cv-10839 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 24, 2025).Johnson, 642 F.3d at 126.
- Kleeberg v. Eber, No. 1:16-cv-09517 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 23, 2023).Id. at 126.
- Laba v. JBO Worldwide Supply Pty Ltd, No. 1:20-cv-03443 (S.D.N.Y. June 7, 2023).Johnson, 642 F.3d at 126.
- Hutter v. Countrywide Bank, N.A., 41 F. Supp. 3d 363 (S.D.N.Y. 2014).published Ctr., 642 F.3d 121, 125-26 (2d Cir.2011); Gollomp v. Spitzer, 568 F.3d 355, 368 (2d Cir.2009).
evaluating whether “the agency successfully insulated its final decisionmaker from the effects of political pressure
- State of Connecticut v. Zinke, No. 2017-2564 (D.D.C. Feb. 15, 2019).published (evaluating whether “the agency successfully insulated its final decisionmaker from the effects of political pressure)
- State v. U.S. Dep't of the Interior, 363 F. Supp. 3d 45 (D.C. Cir. 2019).published(evaluating whether "the agency successfully insulated its final decisionmaker from the effects of political pressure)
At page 124 Lacking jurisdiction over appeal from judgment dismissing complaint1 citing caseholding that court lacked jurisdiction over appeal from judgment dismissing complaint because motion for reconsideration was filed outside 28-day window imposed by Fed. R.App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(vi)
- Women's Integrated Network, Inc. v. United States Speciality Ins., 495 F. App'x 129 (2d Cir. 2012).unpublished (holding that court lacked jurisdiction over appeal from judgment dismissing complaint because motion for reconsideration was filed outside 28-day window imposed by Fed. R.App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(vi))
Other citing cases
- Up State Tower Co. v. Town of Kiantone, No. 19-4237-cv (2d Cir. Sept. 10, 2020).unpublished
- Moore v. T-Mobile USA, Inc., 548 F. App'x 686 (2d Cir. 2013).unpublished
- Smith v. Psychiatric Solutions, Inc., 864 F. Supp. 2d 1241 (N.D. Fla. 2012).published
v.
the UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER, Strong Memorial Hospital, Defendants-Appellees
Appellant Keith Johnson, M.D. [1] appeals from a judgment and three orders of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York (Larimer, /.) that: (1) dismissed his complaint and denied leave to amend; (2) denied relief under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(1); and (3) sanctioned his attorney.
For the reasons stated below, we DISMISS the appeal from the judgment and order that dismissed his complaint and denied leave to amend for lack of appellate jurisdiction. We AFFIRM the orders that denied Rule 60(b)(1) relief and imposed § 1927 sanctions.
I. Background
Johnson filed a qui tam action pursuant to 31 U.S.C. § 3729, alleging that the University of Rochester Medical Center and Strong Memorial Hospital (the “University”) fraudulently billed Medicare/Medicaid for medical procedures performed by unsupervised residents. The United States declined to intervene, the district court unsealed the complaint, and Johnson served the University.
The University then moved to dismiss Johnson’s complaint for failure to state a claim. In response, Johnson moved for leave to amend, arguing that leave should[*124] be “freely given” in the absence of “bad faith,” “repeated failures to cure deficiencies,” or “futility of the amendment.” [2] Johnson did not assert that he was entitled to amend as of right. In the University’s opposition to Johnson’s motion, it moved for sanctions pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11.
In a judgment entered February 19, 2010, the district court dismissed the action and denied Johnson leave to amend, holding that Johnson’s request to amend his complaint would prove futile because he repeated the original complaint’s insufficient allegations and added two new, but ultimately defective, causes of action. The court also denied, without prejudice, the University’s sanctions motion because the University failed to file the motion separately, as required by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11(c)(2).
On March 22, 2010, Johnson moved for reconsideration pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(1). Johnson argued that the district court should have granted leave to amend because former Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a) allowed one amendment as of right. The district court denied reconsideration, reasoning that it made no mistake since Johnson committed the decision asking whether to allow amendment to the court’s discretion by asking for permission to amend.
The University subsequently filed a separate sanctions motion pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11 or, alternatively, 28 U.S.C. § 1927, alleging that Johnson’s attorney knowingly included a false accusation in the amended complaint. The district court granted the sanctions motion, holding that Johnsons attorney relentlessly pursued claims without basis in law or fact and knowingly included a false statement in the proposed amended complaint.
II. Discussion
A. Jurisdiction to Review the District Court’s Judgment
This Court lacks appellate jurisdiction over Johnson’s appeal from the district court’s February 19, 2010 judgment and order dismissing his complaint and denying leave to amend. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4, a party must file a notice of appeal within thirty days from the date judgment is entered. Fed. R.App. P. 4(a)(1)(a). A party tolls its filing deadline, however, by filing a Rule 60(b) motion within twenty-eight days of the judgment’s entry. Fed. R.App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(vi). Filing deadlines are mandatory and jurisdictional. Silivanch v. Celebrity Cruises, Inc., 333 F.3d 355, 363 (2d Cir.2003). Accordingly, failure to comply with Rule 4 warrants dismissal. Glinka v. Maytag Corp., 90 F.3d 72, 74 (2d Cir.1996) (citation omitted).
Johnson filed his Rule 60(b) motion on March 22, 2010, three days after the twenty-eight day tolling deadline expired. Because Johnson’s Rule 60(b) motion failed to toll his deadline to file a notice of appeal, his June 4, 2010 notice of appeal was untimely. [3] Accordingly, this Court lacks appellate jurisdiction over the judgment and order dismissing Johnson’s complaint and denying leave to amend.
[*125] B. Johnson’s Request for Reconsideration
Johnson contends that the district court abused its discretion by declining to reconsider its order that denied his request for leave to amend. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(1) permits a district court to grant relief from a judgment based on “mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(1) (2010). We review a district court’s decision on a Rule 60(b) motion for abuse of discretion. Ins. Co. of N. Am. v. Pub. Serv. Mut. Ins. Co., 609 F.3d 122, 127 (2d Cir.2010). A court abuses it discretion when (1) its decision rests on an error of law or a clearly erroneous factual finding; or (2) cannot be found within the range of permissible decisions. Zervos v. Verizon N.Y., Inc., 252 F.3d 163, 169 (2d Cir.2001).
Here, the district court denied reconsideration after concluding that Johnson had not requested permission to amend as of right, and that it made no mistake in not divining that Johnson actually intended to do so. The court held that because Johnson sought leave to amend, it was within the court’s discretion to deny his request. [4] We agree; the district court properly exercised its discretion when it denied Johnson’s Rule 60(b) motion.
C. The District Court’s Order Granting Sanctions
Johnson also appeals from the district court’s order imposing sanctions under Rule 11 or, alternatively, 28 U.S.C. § 1927. We review a district court’s sanctions order for abuse of discretion. Gollomp v. Spitzer, 568 F.3d 355, 368 (2d Cir.2009).
Johnson’s attorney contends that the court abused its discretion because the University failed to serve the sanctions motion twenty-one days before filing it, in violation of Rule ll(c)(2)’s safe-harbor provision. The University argues that it substantially complied with the safe-harbor provision by delineating Appellant-counsel’s sanctionable conduct in its opposition to Johnson’s motion for leave to amend. Because we hold that the district court properly exercised its discretion to sanction pursuant to § 1927, we need not reach the court’s alternate Rule 11 sanctions ruling.
A court may award § 1927 sanctions only “when the attorney’s actions are so completely without merit as to require the conclusion that they must have been undertaken for some improper purpose.” Gollomp, 568 F.3d at 368. In addition, the court must find bad faith and[*126] must provide the attorney notice and an opportunity to be heard. Id.
Here, after a hearing on the University’s sanctions motion, the district court found that Johnson’s attorney pursued claims she knew had no basis in law or fact. The court focused on counsel’s repeated allegations that the University made an unsolicited, libelous statement about Johnson to the Delaware State Medical Board when, in fact, Johnson’s attorney requested and authorized the release of the allegedly libelous statement. We hold that the district court’s decision was reasonable and not an abuse of discretion.
III. Conclusion
For the above stated reasons, we DISMISS the appeal from the judgment and order dismissing the complaint and denying leave to amend. We AFFIRM the orders denying Rule 60(b)(1) relief and sanctioning Johnson’s attorney pursuant to § 1927.
. Laura Schmidt, R.N. brought the qui tam action in conjunction with Johnson. This appeal, however, is brought solely on Johnson's behalf. Accordingly, we refer solely to Johnson throughout.
. Johnson moved for leave to amend on December 31, 2008. Thus, former Rule 15 governed the amendment. Former Rule 15 stated:
"A party may amend the party's pleading once as a matter of course at any time before a responsive pleading is served.... Otherwise a party may amend the party’s pleading only by leave of court or by written consent of the adverse party; and leave shall be freely given when justice so requires.”
Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(a) (1998).
. Johnson also argues that the district court's order denying the University's sanctions motion without prejudice rendered the February 19th judgment and order non-final. Although[*125] Johnson is correct that some sanctions orders (e.g., discovery sanctions) are “inextricably intertwined” with the merits of a case when the order appealed from is a sanctions order, see Cunningham v. Hamilton Cnty., 527 U.S. 198, 205-06, 119 S.Ct. 1915, 144 L.Ed.2d 184 (1999), there was no reasonable possibility in this case that resolving the University's sanction motion would require further analysis of the merits. The pendency of the sanctions motion therefore did not extend the time to appeal the merits judgment. Cf. Salovaara v. Eckert, 222 F.3d 19, 27 n. 4 (2d Cir.2000) ("Salovaara's time to appeal from the District Court's decision on the merits began to run in July 1998, notwithstanding the fact that Eckert was granted leave to file a motion for attorney’s fees and/or sanctions.”)
. Johnson cites Kassner v. 2nd Avenue Delicatessen, Inc., 496 F.3d 229 (2d Cir.2007), to support his contention that a district court must grant a motion for leave to amend when the plaintiff can also amend as of right. Kassner does not stand for the broad proposition that Johnson asserts. Rather, Kassner states that a plaintiff’s right to amend as a matter of course "is subject to the district court’s discretion to limit the time [to amend] the pleadings in a scheduling order issued under Rule 16(b).” Id. at 244.