green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
8.9 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 1 distinct case, last quoted 1996 ·
…the urinalysis was ordered on the basis of the first-hand observations of a police officer
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1989 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1989
2007
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 34 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Daryel Garrison v. Department of Justice
(2×)
the urinalysis was ordered on the basis of the first-hand observations of a police officer
cited
Cited "see"
Austin v. Neal
See Copeland v. Philadelphia Police Department, 840 F.2d 1139, 1145 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1636 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989). 6 .
cited
Cited "see"
Wilcher v. City of Wilmington
See Policemen’s Benevolent Association, Local 318 v. Washington Township, 850 F.2d 133 (3rd Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
Bieter Company v. Beatta Blomquist Federal Land Company Eagan Tower Office Building Partnership Eagan Heights Commercial Park Advance Developers, Inc. Cliff Road Properties Hoffman Development Group, Inc. Hdg Associates Limited Partnership Eagan Associates Limited Partnership Crp of Eagan, Inc. Robert L. Hoffman Patrick C. Hoffman Jack F. Daly, Jr., Advance Developers, Inc. Cliff Road Properties Hoffman Development Group, Inc. Hdg Associates Limited Partnership Eagan Associates Limited Partnership Crp of Eagan, Inc. Robert L. Hoffman Patrick C. Hoffman Jack F. Daly, Jr., Third Party v. Dorsey & Whitney, a Minnesota Partnership Ryan Construction Company of Minnesota, Inc., a Minnesota Corporation, Third Party
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 558-59 (2d Cir.1988) (finding no need for direct proof of bribe in criminal RICO conviction), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989). 22 Bieter also alleges that Federal bribed Councilmember Wachter by offering him two construction contracts in early 1987.
discussed
Cited "see"
Bieter Co. v. Blomquist
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 558-59 (2d Cir.1988) (finding no need for direct proof of bribe in criminal RICO conviction), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Eisen
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 583 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Eisen
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 583 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
In Re John Doe, United States of America v. Steven Diamond
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 571 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989); In re Doe, 711 F.2d 1187, 1193-94 (2d Cir.1983).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Mike Huang, John Chu, Paul Park, and Kwan Yue Cheoi
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 580 (2d Cir.1988) (defendant’s considered decision not to seek a mistrial on basis of trial judge’s comment “constitutes a waiver of any claim that he was prejudiced by [that] comment”), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. DiNome
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 563 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Dinome, Salvatore Mangialino, Anthony Senter, Joseph Testa, Ronald Ustica, Carlo Profeta, A/K/A Carlos A/K/A Carmello, Douglas Rega, Judith May Hellman, Wayne Hellman, and Sol Hellman
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 563 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. David A. Sturman (90-3147) Ralph L. Levine (90-3148) Reuben Sturman (90-3151) and Melvin Kaminsky (90-3750)
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 555 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989); United States v. Martinez, 776 F.2d 1481, 1484 (10th Cir.1985) (holding that the objection “both instructions fit this case and should be given” is inadequate to preserve issue).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Coonan
(2×)
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 565-66 (2d Cir.1988), ce rt. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989); United States v. Paone, 782 F.2d 386, 393-94 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 882 , 107 S.Ct. 269 , 93 L.Ed.2d 246 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Coonan
(2×)
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 565-66 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989); United States v. Paone, 782 F.2d 386, 393-94 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 882 , 107 S.Ct. 269 , 93 L.Ed.2d 246 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Mario Eufrasio, A/K/A Murph, United States of America v. Santo Idone, A/K/A Sam, A/K/A Sam From Chester, A/K/A Papa, A/K/A Big Santo, United States of America v. Gary S. Iacona
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 561 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Eufrasio
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 561 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
Armington v. School Dist. of Philadelphia
See Fraternal Order of Police Lodge No. 5 v. Tucker, 868 F.2d 74, 77 (3d Cir.1989) (“[T]he Copeland [v. Philadelphia Police Dept., 840 F.2d 1139 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1636 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989) ] standard applies in this case, as the urinalysis was not conducted pursuant to a random drug urinalysis program”).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Mario Biaggi, Stanley Simon, Richard Biaggi, Peter Neglia, John Mariotta, and Bernard Ehrlich
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 554 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, —U.S.-, 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989). 7 After learning of the job promise in the fall of 1984, Neglia acted to assist Wedtech in forestalling its decertification from the section 8(a) program.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Tillem
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 563 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Moe Tillem, Appeal of Thomas Overton, Desmond Larrier, Astley Campbell, Elissa Cohen-Deutsch, A/K/A \Lisa\"
See United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 563 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Aiken
See United States v. Andrews, 765 F.2d 1491, 1496-1497 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied sub. nom., Royster v. United *1352 States, 474 U.S. 1064 , 106 S.Ct. 815 , 88 L.Ed.2d 789 (1986) (joinder proper where offenses were part of “series of transactions” which were facially similar, and there was substantial overlap of participants who shared same objective and displayed common mode of operation); see also United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 561 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989) (“The presence of a substantive RICO count under 18 U.S.C. § …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
New Jersey Transit PBA Local 304 v. New Jersey Transit Corp.
Compare Policemen’s Benevolent Ass’n of New Jersey, Local 318 *547 v. Township of Washington, 850 F.2d. 133 , 136-41 (3d Cir.1988) (“PBA Local 318”) (finding that police are members of highly-regulated industry and upholding suspicionless drug testing of police officers), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Leary v. NAVY, Secretary
See also Copeland v. Philadelphia Police Dep’t, 840 F.2d 1139 , 1149 (3d Cir.1988) (“a police department is justified in concluding that it cannot properly accommodate a user of illegal drugs within its ranks_”), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1636 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989); Wilber v. Brady, 780 F.Supp. 837, 840 (D.D.C.1992) (the Rehabilitation Act is not designed to “insulate [individuals with disabilities] from disciplinary actions which would be taken against any employee regardless of his status”).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Victor J. Orena, Also Known as Little Vic
Further, only a “generic definition” of an underlying state crime is required in a RICO indictment, as distinguished from “the elements of the penal codes of the various states where acts of racketeering occurred.” United States v. Bagaric, 706 F.2d 42, 62 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 840 , 917, 104 S.Ct. 133 , 78 L.Ed.2d 128 (1983); see also United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535 , 582 n. 11 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989); United States v. Dellacroce, 625 F.Supp. 1387, 1391 (E.D.N.Y.1986) (“Even if proof of an overt act is …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Chaim Levy
See, e.g., United States v. Edwardo-Franco, 885 F.2d 1002, 1006-07 (2d Cir.1989); Iorizzo, 786 F.2d at 59 ; see also United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 574 (2d Cir.1988) (emphasizing that “departures from the procedures outlined in Curdo and Iorizzo may be justified only in unusual circumstances”), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Leonard A. Pelullo
See also United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 581-82 (2d Cir.1988) (finding no prejudicial spillover effect), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Mary Carley v. Wheeled Coach
See, e.g., Policeman's Benevolent Ass'n v. Washington Twp., 850 F.2d 133, 137 (3d Cir.1988) (court of appeals took judicial notice of township's police regulations), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989); Government of the Virgin Islands v. Testamark, 528 F.2d 742, 743 (3d Cir.1976) (no error to take judicial notice of court records indicating defendant's prior conviction).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. DeSalvo
Because typically “[wjhether an answer is literally true raises a factual question for the jury,” id. at 371 ; see also United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 560 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989), defendant is asking the court to determine that the issue is so beyond doubt that it does not present a triable question of fact.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Caldwell v. New Jersey Department of Corrections
See, e.g., Copeland v. Philadelphia Police Dep’t. 840 F.2d 1139 , 1143 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1636 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989); McDonell v. Hunter, 809 F.2d 1302, 1307 (8th Cir.1987).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Hugo Lopez, Juan Trujillo and Hernando Vasquez
See also United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 554-56 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1004 , 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Gennaro J. Angiulo, Donato F. Angiulo, Samuel S. Granito, Francesco J. Angiulo and Michele A. Angiulo
See, e.g., United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 562 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989); United States v. Winter, 663 F.2d 1120, 1136 (1st Cir.1981), cert. denied, 460 U.S. 1011 , 103 S.Ct. 1250 , 75 L.Ed.2d 479 (1983).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
City of Annapolis v. United Food Workers, Local 400
See, e.g., Copeland v. Philadelphia Police Dept., 840 F.2d 1139 (3rd Cir.1988) (police officers), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 1636 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989); McDonell v. Hunter, 809 F.2d 1302 (8th Cir.1987) (prison employees not having daily contact with prisoners); National Federation of Federal Emp. v. Carlucci, 680 F.Supp. 416 (D.D.C.1988) (civilian Army employees); aff'd in part, vacated in part, National Federation of Government Employees v. Cheney, 884 F.2d 603 (D.C.Cir.1989); Wrightsell v. City of Chicago, 678 F.Supp. 727 (N.D.Ill.1988) (police officers not tested as part of rout…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Vito Spillone, United States of America v. John Clyde Abel, United States of America v. Frank Citro
(2×)
See, e.g., United States v. Friedman, 854 F.2d 535, 583 (2d Cir.1988) (distinguishing between violations like those in Mechanik and misconduct that " 'deprive[s] [the] defendant of a fair determination of his guilt or innocence,' " quoting Mechanik, 475 U.S. at 72 , 106 S.Ct. at 942 ) cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 109 S.Ct. 1637 , 104 L.Ed.2d 153 (1989); United States v. Hooker, 841 F.2d 1225, 1231 (4th Cir.1988) (en banc) (error not harmless when it affects "substantial rights"); United States v. Giorgi, 840 F.2d 1022, 1030 (1st Cir.1988) (distinguishing between "technical violations" and "cla…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Perez v. Cucci
See also Fraternal Order of Police Lodge No. 5 v. Tucker, 868 F.2d 74, 79 (3d Cir.1989) (discussing the recognition in Loudermill, supra, 470 U.S. at 544 , 105 S.Ct. at 1494 , that ‘the pretermination hearing may be informal so long as it affords the employee an opportunity to make any plausible arguments that might ... prevent [the] discharge.’). *242 In Gniotek v. City of Philadelphia, 808 F.2d 241, 244-46 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1050 , 107 S.Ct. 2183 , 95 L.Ed.2d 839 (1987) and Copeland v. Philadelphia Police Department, 840 F.2d 1139, 1145 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, —…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Alverado
v.
Washington Public Power Supply System
v.
Washington Public Power Supply System
No. 88-645.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Apr 3, 1989.
Published
Citer courts: Federal Circuit (2)
Sup. Ct. Wash. Certiorari denied.