green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 3×
7.6 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 1 distinct case, last quoted 1988 ·
…the same standards of constitutional protection apply to an invasion of privacy and to libel actions.
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1978 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1978
2002
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 34 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Dombey v. Phoenix Newspapers, Inc.
Note, The Involuntary Public Figure Class of Gertz v. Welch: Dead or Merely Dormant? 14 U.MICH.J.L.REF. 71, 79-85 (1980); but see Meeropol v. Nizer, 560 F.2d 1061 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978), and Dameron v. Washington Magazine, Inc., 779 F.2d 736 (D.C.Cir.1985), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 106 S.Ct. 2247 , 90 L.Ed.2d 693 (1986).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Zupnik v. Associated Press, Inc.
in the course of extensive public debate revolving about the rosenberg trial were cast into the limelight and became public figures under the gertz standards
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Hall v. Post
(2×)
the same standards of constitutional protection apply to an invasion of privacy and to libel actions.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Anderson v. Thomas
federal officials are not personally liable for alleged torts based upon acts committed within the scope of their official duties requiring the exercise of judgment or discretion
discussed
Cited "see"
Townes v. City of St. Louis
See Andre v. Board of Trustees, 561 F.2d 48, 53 (7th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); Wardwell v. Board of Education, 529 F.2d 625, 627 (6th Cir.1976); Wright v. City of Jackson, Miss., 506 F.2d 900, 902-03 (5th Cir.1975) (validating an ordinance which required city employees to live within the city, because of no fundamental "right to commute").
discussed
Cited "see"
Woodcock v. Journal Publishing Co.
See Meeropol v. Nizer, 381 F. Sup. 29, 35 (S.D.N.Y. 1974), aff'd, 560 F.2d 1061 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S. Ct. 727 , 54 L.
discussed
Cited "see"
Competitive Enterprise Institute v. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
See Animal Welfare Institute v. Kreps, 561 F.2d 1002, 1010 (D.C.Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978) (factual evidence in the administrative record showed that South African seal hunting practices “mil respond” to stricter enforcement of the Marine Mammal Protection Act) (emphasis in original). b.
discussed
Cited "see"
Competitive Enterprise Institute v. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Automobile Importers of America, Inc., Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation, Intervenors. Competitive Enterprise Institute and Consumer Alert v. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, General Motors Corporation, Automobile Importers of America, Inc., Ford Motor Company, the City of New York, Intervenors
See Animal Welfare Institute v. Kreps, 561 F.2d 1002, 1010 (D.C.Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978) (factual evidence in the administrative record showed that South African seal hunting practices "will respond" to stricter enforcement of the Marine Mammal Protection Act) (emphasis in original). 22 b.
cited
Cited "see"
Jerome D. Salinger A/K/A J.D. Salinger v. Random House, Inc. And Ian Hamilton
See Meeropol v. Nizer, 560 F.2d 1061, 1069 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1977); Folsom v. Marsh, 2 Story 100 , 9 F.Cas. 342, 346 (C.C.
discussed
Cited "see"
Marcone, Frank J. v. Penthouse International Magazine For Men
See Meeropol v. Nizer, 381 F.Supp. 29 (S.D.N.Y.1974) (children of Julius and Ethyl Rosenberg are public figures), aff'd in relevant part, 560 F.2d 1061 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); see also Carson v. Allied News Co., 529 F.2d 206, 210 (7th Cir.1976) (wife of famous entertainer a public figure); Note, An Analysis of the Distinction Between Public Figures and Private Defamation Plaintiffs Applied to Relatives of Public Persons, 49 S.Cal.L.Rev. 1131 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
Marcone v. Penthouse International Magazine for Men
See Meeropol v. Nizer, 381 F.Supp. 29 (S.D.N.Y.1974) (children of Julius and Ethyl Rosenberg are public figures), aff'd in relevant part, 560 F.2d 1061 (2d Cir.1977), ce rt. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); see also Carson v. Allied News Co., 529 F.2d 206, 210 (7th Cir.1976) (wife of famous entertainer a public figure); Note, An Analysis of the Distinction Between Public Figures and Private Defamation Plaintiffs Applied to Relatives of Public Persons, 49 S.Cal.L.Rev. 1131 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
Jackie Collins Lerman v. Flynt Distributing Co., Inc.
(2×)
See Meeropol v. Nizer, 560 F.2d 1061, 1066 (2d Cir.1977) (rejecting Rosenberg children's claims that book about their parents had both defamed them and portrayed them in a false light), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
Association of American Medical Colleges v. Mikaelian
See Meeropol v. Nizer, 560 F.2d 1061 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1977); Sampson & Murdock Co. v. Seaver-Radford Co., 140 F. 539 (1st Cir.1905).
discussed
Cited "see"
Newkirk v. Allen
Ove Gustavsson Contracting Co. v. Floete, 299 F.2d 655, 659 (2d Cir.1962) (citations omitted), cert. denied, 374 U.S. 827 , 83 S.Ct. 1862 , 10 L.Ed.2d 1050 (1963); see Huntington Towers, Ltd. v. Franklin Nat’l Bank, 559 F.2d 863 , 870 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1012 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Harris v. Tomczak
See and compare Meeropol v. Nizer, 381 F.Supp. 29 (S.D.N.Y.1974), aff'd in relevant part 560 F.2d 1061 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978), with Wolston v. Reader’s Digest Ass’n Inc., 443 U.S. 157 , 99 S.Ct. 2701 , 61 L.Ed.2d 450 . .
discussed
Cited "see"
Franklin National Bank Securities Litigation v. Ernst & Ernst
See generally Huntington Towers Ltd. v. Franklin National Bank & Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., 559 F.2d 863 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1012 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); In re Franklin National Bank Securities Litigation, 532 F.2d 842 (2d Cir. 1976); In re Franklin National Bank Securities Litigation, 478 F.Supp. 577 (E.D.N.Y.1979); In re Franklin National Bank Securities Litigation, 478 F.Supp. 210 (E.D.N.Y.1979); In re Franklin National Bank Securities Litigation, 445 F.Supp. 723 (E.D.N.Y.1978), supplemental opinion, 449 F.Supp. 574 (E.D.N.Y.1978); In re Franklin Nat…
discussed
Cited "see"
Elsmere Music, Inc. v. National Broadcasting Co.
See Meeropol v. Nizer, 560 F.2d 1061, 1068 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); Rosemont Enterprises, Inc. v. Random House, Inc., 366 F.2d 303, 306 (2d Cir. 1966), cert. denied, 385 U.S. 1009, 87 S.Ct. 714 , 17 L.Ed.2d 546 (1967).
discussed
Cited "see"
Indian Law Resource Center v. Department of Interior
See Stone v. Export-Import Bank of United States, 552 F.2d 132, 136 (5th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1012 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); Soucie v. David, 145 U.S.App.D.C. 144, 156 , 448 F.2d 1067 , 1079 n. 47 (D.C.
cited
Cited "see"
Guerra v. Guajardo
See Stone v. Export-Import Bank of United States, 552 F.2d 132, 137 (5th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1012 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); Neal-Cooper Grain Co., supra, at 776. 21 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Haitian Refugee Center, Inc. v. James Baker, Iii, Secretary of State, Robert Kramek, Rear Admiral, Kime, Admiral, Commandant, United States Coast Guard, Gene McNary Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization Service, United States Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, United States of America, Haitian Refugee Center, Inc., a Not-For-Profit Corporation, Roland Providence, Moise Charles, Eric Pierre, Raymond Edme, Golbert Miracle, Roland Jean, Roosevelt Alexis, Luc Luxembourg Sanon, Leger Pierre Frantz, Ochel Engerril, Jean Michel Mario Avilus, Archille Belvu, Lucien Rozier, Emmanuel Saintil and Condanser Joseph, on Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated, Cross-Appellants v. James Baker, Iii, Secretary of State, Rear Admiral Robert Kramek and Admiral Kime, Commandants, United States Coast Guard, Gene McNary Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization Service, United States Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, and United States of America, Cross-Appellees
See also Stone v. Export-Import Bank, 552 F.2d 132, 136 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1012 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978) (holding that foreign agency was a person); Constructores Civiles De Centro America, S.A. v. Hannah, 459 F.2d 1183, 1190 (D.C.Cir.1972) (holding that APA review concerning a project in Nicaragua was available to a Honduran corporation); Estrada v. Ahrens, 296 F.2d 690 (5th Cir.1961) (noting that the APA "does not say 'any citizen.' It does not say 'any person physically present in the United States.' ... [T]he emphasis is on the breadth of the coverage.").
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Haitian Refugee Center, Inc. v. Baker
See also Stone v. Export-Import Bank, 552 F.2d 132, 136 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1012 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978) (holding that foreign agency was a person); Constructores Civiles De Centro America, S.A. v. Hannah, 459 F.2d 1183, 1190 (D.C.Cir.1972) (holding that APA review concerning a project in Nicaragua was available to a Honduran corporation); Estrada v. Ahrens, 296 F.2d 690 (5th Cir.1961) (noting that the APA “does not say ‘any citizen.’ It does not say ‘any person physically present in the United States.’ ... [T]he emphasis is on the breadth of the cov…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Friedman v. Young
See also, Huntington Towers Ltd. v. Franklin National Bank, 559 F.2d 863, 870 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1012 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); Adelona v. Webster, 654 F.Supp. 968, 977 (S.D.N.Y.1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Salinger v. Random House, Inc.
See, e.g., Meeropol v. Nizer, 417 F.Supp. 1201, 1211 (S.D.N.Y.1976), rev’d on other grounds, 560 F.2d 1061 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); see also Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enterprises, 723 F.2d 195 , 105 & n. 14 (2d Cir.1983), rev’d on other grounds, 471 U.S. 539 , 105 S.Ct. 2218 , 85 L.Ed.2d 588 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Moral Majority, Inc.
When the use has both commercial and non-profit characteristics, the court may consider “whether the alleged infringing use was primarily for public benefit or for private commercial gain.” MCA, Inc. v. Wilson, 677 F.2d 180, 182 (2d Cir.1981); see also Meeropol v. Nizer, 560 F.2d 1061, 1069 (2d Cir.1977) (“[I]t is relevant whether or not the Rosenberg letters were used primarily for scholarly, historical reasons, or predominantly for commercial exploitation.”), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Moral Majority, Inc.
When the use has both commercial and non-profit characteristics, the court may consider "whether the alleged infringing use was primarily for public benefit or for private commercial gain." MCA, Inc. v. Wilson, 677 F.2d 180, 182 (2d Cir.1981); see also Meeropol v. Nizer, 560 F.2d 1061, 1069 (2d Cir.1977) ("[I]t is relevant whether or not the Rosenberg letters were used primarily for scholarly, historical reasons, or predominantly for commercial exploitation."), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978). 26 In the instant case, Defendants concede that their use was in p…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Humane Society of Rochester & Monroe County v. Lyng
See, e.g., Animal Welfare Institute v. Kreps, 561 F.2d 1002 (D.C.Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); Committee for Humane Legislation v. Richardson, 540 F.2d 1141 (D.C.Cir. 1976).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State of New York v. Thomas
See also Animal Welfare Institute v. Kreps, 561 F.2d 1002, 1010 (D.C.Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978) (by enacting remedial measures under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, Congress determined that a causal relationship existed between American import practices and South African sealing practices).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Simmons Ford, Inc. v. Consumers Union of the United States, Inc.
See, e. g., Meeropol v. Nizer, 381 F.Supp. 29, 34-35 (S.D.N.Y. 1974), aff'd, 560 F.2d 1061 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); Fowler v. Curtis Pub.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Victoria Price Street v. National Broadcasting Co.
(2×)
See, e. g., Meeropol v. Nizer, 560 F.2d 1061, 1066 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978) (having spent most of their early years in limelight, sons of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are public figures for purposes of subsequent commentary on Rosenberg trials).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Social Change, Inc. v. American Heritage Products, Inc.
See also Meerpol v. Nizer, 560 F.2d 1061 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., ETC. v. American Her.
See also Meerpol v. Nizer, 560 F.2d 1061 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Herbert L. Fenster v. Douglas N. Schneider, Jr., Director of the District of Columbia Department of Transportation
See also Andre v. Board of Trustees of Village of Maywood, 561 F.2d 48 (7th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1013 , 98 S.Ct. 727 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978) (holding that a residency requirement for municipal employment is to be tested by the rational basis standard); Wright v. City of Jackson, 506 F.2d 900 (5th Cir. 1975) (same). 5 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Bernitsky v. United States
See, e. g., Huntington Towers, Ltd. v. Franklin National Bank, 559 F.2d 863, 870 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1012 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); First National Bank in Albuquerque v. United States, 552 F.2d 370, 374-75 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 835 , 98 S.Ct. 122 , 54 L.Ed.2d 96 (1977); Griffin v. United States, 500 F.2d 1059, 1066-67 (3d Cir. 1974).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Bernitsky v. United States
See, e. g., Huntington Towers, Ltd. v. Franklin National Bank, 559 F.2d 863, 870 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1012 , 98 S.Ct. 726 , 54 L.Ed.2d 756 (1978); First National Bank in Albuquerque v. United States, 552 F.2d 370, 374-75 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 835 , 98 S.Ct. 122 , 54 L.Ed.2d 96 (1977); Griffin v. United States, 500 F.2d 1059, 1066-67 (3d Cir. 1974).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Stone
v.
Export-Import Bank of the United States
v.
Export-Import Bank of the United States
No. 77-594.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jan 9, 1978.
C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.