green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
6.7 score
“probable cause" is the equivalent of "reasonable cause" or "reasonable grounds to believe”
Treatment trajectory · 1980 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1980
2003
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 28 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
John Early v. Eastern Transfer
But see Teamsters Local Union No. 30 v. Helms Express, Inc., 591 F.2d 211 (3d Cir.) (union members of joint committee owe grievant no duty of fair representation), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); Larry v. Penn Truck Aids, Inc., 94 F.R.D. 708 (E.D.Pa.1982) (same).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
United States v. Gotti
probable cause" is the equivalent of "reasonable cause" or "reasonable grounds to believe
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
Fort Wayne Community Schools v. Fort Wayne Education Association, Inc., and United States Postal Service
Associated Third Class Mail Users v. United States Postal Service, 600 F.2d 824 , 826 n. 5 (D.C.Cir.) (upholding regulation defining “letter”), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 *366 (1979). 4 As we have noted previously, the postal monopoly established by the Private Express Statutes, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1693-99 and 39 U.S.C. §§ 601-606 , “was created by Congress as a revenue protection measure for the Postal Service to enable it to fulfill its mission.” Air Courier Conference, 498 U.S. at-, 111 S.Ct. at 915.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Joseph Kelly
See United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21, 24 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Aikens
See U.S. v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492 (1st Circuit), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979). 4 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States Postal Service v. O'BRIEN
See Associated Third Class Mail Users v. United States Postal Service, 600 F.2d 824 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); Ex Parte Jackson, 96 U.S. 727 , 6 Otto 727 , 24 L.Ed. 877 (1878).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Schuring
She was a citizen-informant with no discernible reason to falsely implicate appellant; as such, she was “presumptively reliable.” 5 United States v. Land, 10 M.J. 103, 105 (C.M.A.1980) (citations omitted); see United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492, 496-97 (1st Cir.), cert, denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United States v. Burke, 517 F.2d 377 (2d Cir.1975); 1 Lafave, Search and Seizure § 3.4(a) (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Blasco
See United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979) (even if police do not have probable cause to arrest, property may be searched upon probable cause to believe that evidence of the crime may be found).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Blasco
See United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979) (even if police do not have probable cause to arrest, property may be searched upon probable cause to believe that evidence of the crime may be found).
cited
Cited "see"
Sink v. Ford Motor Co.
See Colonial Ford, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 592 F.2d 1126, 1128 (10th Cir.) cert. denied 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Maria Lilia Rojas
See United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979) (even if police do not have probable cause to arrest, a person’s property may be searched upon probable cause to believe that fruits, instrumentalities, or evidence of the crime are present). ' See generally, 1 W.LaFave, Search & Seizure § 3.1(b) (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United Mine Workers of America District No. 5 v. Consolidation Coal Company
Accord, Teamsters Local Union No. 30 v. Helms Express, Inc., 591 F.2d 211 , 216 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United Mine Workers v. Barnes & Tucker Co., 561 F.2d 1093, 1096 (3d Cir. 1977); United Steel Workers v. Pullman-Standard Car Mfg.
cited
Cited "see"
Frank Meador Buick, Inc. v. General Motors Acceptance Corp. (In Re Frank Meador Buick, Inc.)
See Colonial Ford, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 592 F.2d 1126, 1129 (10th Cir.) cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Kozerski
See United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492, 500 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
Sanceverino v. UNION LOCAL 445, INTERN. BROTH.
See Teamsters Local 30 v. Helms Express, Inc., 591 F.2d 211 , 216-17 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Land
See United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492 (1st Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United States v. Burden, 5 M.J. 704 , 708 N. 6 (A.F.C.M.R.1979).
cited
Cited "see"
Wilkes-Barre Publishing Co. v. Newspaper Guild of Wilkes-Barre, Local 120
See Teamsters Local 30 v. Helms Express, Inc., 591 F.2d 211 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
H. Prang Trucking Co. v. Local Union No. 469
See Teamsters Local Union No. 30 v. Helms Express Inc., 591 F.2d 211 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
H. Prang Trucking Co., Inc. v. Local Union No. 469
See Teamsters Local Union No. 30 v. Helms Express Inc., 591 F.2d 211 (3d Cir.), Cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Luke Jones
See, e.g., United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21, 24 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United States v. Tramunti, 513 F.2d 1087, 1106 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 832 (1975).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Jones
See, e.g., United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21, 24 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United States v. Tramunti, 513 F.2d 1087, 1106 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 832 (1975).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Key v. Chrysler Motors Corp.
(2×)
See 15 U.S.C. § 1222 ; Stansifer v. Chrysler Motors Corp., 487 F.2d 59, 63 (9th Cir.1973) ("It is obvious that the Act does not apply until a manufacturer-dealer relationship has been created."); see also Colonial Ford, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co. 592 F.2d 1126, 1128 (10th Cir.) (improper and coercive demands made on prospective franchisee prior to formal execution of contract were deemed involved in the franchise in order to provide protection under the federal statute, notwithstanding timing of execution), certs. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Burress v. Henderson
See, e.g., United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979) (delay of 126 days); United States v. Rucker, 586 F.2d 899 (2d Cir.1978) (11 month delay).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Harry Tongay v. The Kroger Company International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehouseman and Helpers of America
See Chavez v. United Food & Commercial Workers Int’l Union, 779 F.2d 1353 , 1356 (8th Cir.1985) (“ ‘[Ejxclusive representation is a necessary prerequisite to a statutory duty to represent fairly.’ ”) (quoting Kuhn v. National Ass’n of Letter Carriers, Branch 5, 528 F.2d 767, 770 (8th Cir.1976)); see also Teamsters Local Union No. 30 v. Helms Express Inc., 591 F.2d 211, 217 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); Sinyard v. Foote & Davies Div. of McCall Corp., 577 F.2d 943 , 947-48 (5th Cir.1978).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Bellamy v. Roadway Express, Inc.
See, e.g., Teamsters Local Union No. 30 v. Helms Express Inc., 591 F.2d 211, 217 (3d Cir.1979) cert. denied 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Stepp v. Ford Motor Credit Co.
See, e.g., Colonial Ford, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 592 F.2d 1126 (10th Cir.1979), cert. den., 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 ; De Valk Lincoln-Mercury, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 550 F.Supp. 1199, 1202-03 (N.D.Ill.1982); Imperial Motors, Inc. v. Chrysler Corp., 559 F.Supp. 1312, 1315 (D.Mass.1983).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Paul C. Porter, United States v. Walter G. Baker, United States v. Frederick L. Hearn, United States v. Larry Reservitz
See, e.g., United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Yeagy v. State
See, e.g., United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492, 498-500 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United States v. Vazquez, 605 F.2d 1269, 1282 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 981 , 100 S.Ct. 484 , 62 L.Ed.2d 408 (1979); United States v. Martin, 615 F.2d 318, 328 (5th Cir.1980); United States v. House, 604 F.2d 1135 , 1141 n. 9 (8th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 931 , 100 S.Ct. 1320 , 63 L.Ed.2d 764 (1980); United States v. Flores, 679 F.2d 173 , 176 n. 1 (9th Cir. 1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1148 , 103 S.Ct. 791 , 74 L.Ed.2d 996 (1983).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Parness
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 78-1816.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 1, 1979.
Published
Citer courts: E.D. New York (1)
C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.