green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 2×
9.5 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 1 distinct case, last quoted 1996 ·
…there is no requirement that ... intent be the sole basis of official action, if it is a motivating factor.
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1982 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1982
2004
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 27 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Smith & Lee Associates, Inc. United States of America v. City of Taylor, Michigan
(4×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
there is no requirement that ... intent be the sole basis of official action, if it is a motivating factor.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
United States v. Borough of Audubon, NJ
actions which are typically lawful ... lose that character when they are undertaken for a discriminatory purpose
discussed
Cited "see"
Cleveland Branch, National Ass'n for the Advancement of Colored People v. City of Parma
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See United States v. City of Parma, 494 F.Supp. 1049 (N.D.Ohio 1980), aff'd, 661 F.2d 562 (6th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1983); see also United States v. City of Parma, 504 F.Supp. 913 (N.D.Ohio 1980) (remedial order), aff'd in part and rev’d in part, 661 F.2d 562 (6th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1983).
discussed
Cited "see"
Linton v. Commissioner Of Health And Environment
See United States v. City of Parma, 661 F.2d 562, 576 (6th Cir.1981) ("courts must carefully tailor the remedy in cases of statutory violations, limiting it to relief necessary to correct the violations"), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Linton ex rel. Arnold v. Commissioner of Health & Environment
See United States v. City of Parma, 661 F.2d 562, 576 (6th Cir.1981) (“courts must carefully tailor the remedy in cases of statutory violations, limiting it to relief necessary to correct the violations”), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company v. Henry Cisneros
See United States v. City of Parma, 661 F.2d 562 (6th Cir.1981) (imposition of building height limitations), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982); Metropolitan Hous.
cited
Cited "see"
Nationwide Mutual Insurance v. Cisneros
See United States v. City of Parma, 661 F.2d 562 (6th Cir.1981) (imposition of building height limitations), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982); Metropolitan Hous.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. James Hamilton
See In re Search Warrant Dated July 4, 1977, for Premises at 2125 S Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., 667 F.2d 117, 133 (D.C.Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982); United States v. Diecidue, 603 F.2d 535, 560-61 (5th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 946 , 100 S.Ct. 1345 , 63 L.Ed.2d 781 (1980); United States v. Mendoza, 473 F.2d 692, 696-97 (5th Cir.1972). 2 Therefore, even if we were to find that these items were illegally seized, they would not affect the admissibility of the other legally seized items.
discussed
Cited "see"
Edwards v. Johnston County Health Department
United States v. Hughes Memorial Home, 396 F.Supp. 544, 549 (W.D.Va.1975); see also Smith v. Town of Clarkton, 682 F.2d 1055, 1068 (4th Cir.1982) ("Governmental bodies are bound to uphold and obey the provisions of the Fair Housing Act’s clear congressional mandate....”); accord United States v. City of Parma, Ohio, 661 F.2d 562 (6th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982); United States v. City of Black Jack, Missouri, 508 F.2d 1179, 1183-84 (8th Cir.1974), cert. denied, 422 U.S. 1042 , 95 S.Ct. 2656 , 45 L.Ed.2d 694 (1975).
discussed
Cited "see"
Edwards v. Johnston County Health Department
United States v. Hughes Memorial Home, 396 F.Supp. 544, 549 (W.D.Va.1975); see also Smith v. Town of Clarkton, 682 F.2d 1055, 1068 (4th Cir.1982) ("Governmental bodies are bound to uphold and obey the provisions of the Fair Housing Act's clear congressional mandate...."); accord United States v. City of Parma, Ohio, 661 F.2d 562 (6th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982); United States v. City of Black Jack, Missouri, 508 F.2d 1179, 1183-84 (8th Cir.1974), cert. denied, 422 U.S. 1042 , 95 S.Ct. 2656 , 45 L.Ed.2d 694 (1975).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Turner
See In re Search Warrant Dated July J, 1977, 667 F.2d 117 (D.C.Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982) (no staleness when documents were dated three months before the warrant was issued because of the elaborate ongoing conspiracy to collect stolen documents); United States v. Williams, 603 F.2d 1168 (5th Cir.1979), cert denied, 444 U.S. 1024 , 100 S.Ct. 687 , 62 L.Ed.2d 658 (1980) (no staleness when informant gave his tip within six months because the affidavit described a continuing course of narcotics manufacture and distribution); United States v. Matt…
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Oscar Clemons
See Rex v. CIA Pervana De Vapores, S.A., 660 F.2d 61, 65 (3d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Nader
See In Re Search Warrant Dated July 4, 1977, 215 U.S.App.D.C. 74 , 667 F.2d 117 (1981), cert. denied, sub-nom, Hubbard v. United States, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982); Huffman v. United States, 152 U.S.App.D.C. 238 , 470 F.2d 386 (1971).
discussed
Cited "see"
Josie Jaimes v. Toledo Metropolitan Housing Authority
See United States v. Parma, 661 F.2d 562, 574 (6th Cir.), reh'g denied, 669 F.2d 1100 (6th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 , reh'g denied, 456 U.S. 1012 , 102 S.Ct. 2308 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1309 (1982), discussed infra note 35.
discussed
Cited "see"
Jaimes v. Toledo Metropolitan Housing Authority
See United States v. Parma, 661 F.2d 562, 574 (6th Cir.), reh’g denied, 669 F.2d 1100 (6th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 , reh’g denied, 456 U.S. 1012 , 102 S.Ct. 2308 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1309 (1982), discussed infra note 35.
discussed
Cited "see"
First Nat. Bank of Mobile v. Kaufman
(2×)
See Ruggiero v. Compania Peruana de Vapores, 639 F.2d 872 , 875-76 (2nd Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982); Rex v. Compania Pervana de Vapores, 660 F.2d 61 , 65 (3d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982); Williams v. Shipping Corp. of India, 653 F.2d 875, 880-81 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 982 , 102 S.Ct. 1490 , 71 L.Ed.2d 691 (1982); Goar v. Compania Peruana de Vapores, 688 F.2d 417 (5th Cir.1982); McKeel v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 722 F.2d 582 (9th Cir.1983).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Blakeney
See Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443, 466 , 91 S.Ct. 2022, 2038 , 29 L.Ed.2d 564 (1971) (plurality opinion). (“The ‘plain view’ doctrine may not be used to extend a general exploratory search from one object to another until something incriminatory at last emerges.”) In In re Search Warrant Dated July 4, 1977, 667 F.2d 117 (D.C.Cir.1981) (per curiam) (Wald, J., separate opinion), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982), Judge Wald wrote that evidence discovered that is not listed in a search warrant may be seized if its incriminating character is reas…
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Larry Dean Kiser
(2×)
Franks, 438 U.S. at 171 , 98 S.Ct. at 2684 ; see In re Search Warrant Dated July 4, 1977, 667 F.2d 117, 137 (D.C.Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982); United States v. Schauble, 647 F.2d 113, 117 (10th Cir.1981).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Alan Riggs
See In re Search Warrant Dated July 4, 1977, 667 F.2d 117, 130 (D.C.Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
City of Corinth v. NUROCK DEVELOPMENT, INC.
(2×)
Sys. v. Koseoglu, 233 S.W.3d 835, 838-39 (Tex.2007) (holding that because state has not waived immunity from money damages against federal claim based on § 1983, Lawson is not implicated by claim that state official breached agreement settling § 1983 claim). [29] Lake Country Estates, Inc. v. Tahoe Reg'l Planning Agency, 440 U.S. 391, 401 , 99 S.Ct. 1171, 1177 , 59 L.Ed.2d 401 (1979); see also Lincoln County v. Luning, 133 U.S. 529, 530 , 10 S.Ct. 363, 363 , 33 L.Ed. 766 (1890) (concluding that Eleventh Amendment immunity extends only to States, not to counties or municipal corporations). [3…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Raso v. Lago
Consistent with this, as then Judge Breyer wrote, “a Housing Authority might even ignore its own regulations giving assignment priority in urban development projects to former site residents if it is convinced that doing so is the only way to prevent a ghettoization of the area.” N.A.A.C.P., 817 F.2d at 155 ; see also United States v. City of Parma, 504 F.Supp. 913, 920 (N.D.Ohio 1980) (“[Wjhere ordinances such as the one at issue have been found to thwart equal housing opportunity, such ordinances must give way to the dictates of federal policy.”), affd in part and rev’d in part, 66…
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Yonkers Board of Education
See, e.g., United States v. City of Parma, 661 F.2d 562 (6th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States of America, Yonkers Branch-Naacp, Plaintiff-Intervenor-Appellee v. Yonkers Board of Education U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Martin C. Barrell Jorge L. Battista Board of Regents of New York Shirley C. Brown R. Carlos Carballada Salvadore Sclafini Thomas Sobol Lora Bradley Chodos State of New York Thomas Frey Willard A. Genrich Norma Gluck Emlyn I. Griffith Vincent Tese Mimi Levenlieber Yonkers Community Development Agency Floyd S. Linton Louise P. Matteoni James McCabe Edward Meyer Urban Development Corporation of the State of New York Samuel R. Pierce Adelaide L. Sanford Mario Cuomo, as Governor of the State of New York and Floyd S. Linton v. City of Yonkers
See, e.g., United States v. City of Parma, 661 F.2d 562 (6th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Russell R. George, AKA Rusty, and Pamela A. Johnson-Sherman, Francis R. Lajoice
See, e.g., In Re Search Warrant Dated July 4, 1977, 667 F.2d 117, 130-31 (D.C.Cir.1981), cert. denied, Founding Church of Scientology v. United States, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982); Crozier, 777 F.2d at 1381 ; United States v. Wuagneux, 683 F.2d 1343, 1354 (11th Cir.1982), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 814 , 104 S.Ct. 69 , 78 L.Ed.2d 83 (1983).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Carrye E. Maxwell
Moreover, even if some documents unrelated to the fraud scheme were seized, the exclusionary rule does not require suppression of the remaining, properly seized material, absent evidence of "flagrant disregard for the limitations in a warrant.” United States v. Heldt, 668 F.2d 1238, 1259 (D.C.Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 440 (1982); see also In re Search Warrant Dated July 4, 1977, 667 F.2d 117, 130-33 (D.C.Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1971 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. City Of Yonkers
Arthur v. Nyquist, 712 F.2d 809 (2d Cir.1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 1907 , 80 L.Ed.2d 456 (1984); see also United States v. City of Parma, Ohio, 661 F.2d 562 (6th Cir.1981) (requiring enactment of city ordinance), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982). 48 Indeed, in one of the cases cited to us in support of legislative immunity, Star Distributors, Ltd. v. Marino, 613 F.2d 4 (2d Cir.1980), we expressly distinguished litigation in which a state legislature had been enjoined "from continuing its defiance of federal court desegregation orders." Id. …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. City of Yonkers
Arthur v. Nyquist, 712 F.2d 809 (2d Cir.1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 936 , 104 S.Ct. 1907 , 80 L.Ed.2d 456 (1984); see also United States v. City of Parma, Ohio, 661 F.2d 562 (6th Cir.1981) (requiring enactment of city ordinance), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 926 , 102 S.Ct. 1972 , 72 L.Ed.2d 441 (1982).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Founding Church of Scientology
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 81-1275.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Apr 19, 1982.
Cited by 3 opinions | Published
Citer courts: Sixth Circuit (2) · D. New Jersey (1)
C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.