green
Positive treatment
9.5 score
Treatment trajectory · 1982 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1982
2004
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 45 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "see"
White v. State
See Bryant v. State, 49 Md.App. 272 , 431 A.2d 714 , cert. denied 291 Md. 782 (1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982), and Wallace v. State, 100 Md.App. 235 , 640 A.2d 749 (1994).
discussed
Cited "see"
Smith v. United States
(2×)
See United States v. Edelman, 873 F.2d 791, 795 (5th Cir.1989) (citing United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 389 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982)).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Wallace
See United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 390-91 (5th Cir.1981) (any prejudice caused by witness’s unsolicited reference to polygraph cured by instruction to disregard), vacated in part on other grounds, 650 F.2d 651 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Joe Allen Bounds
(2×)
See United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 391 (5th Cir. June 1981), vacated in part on other grounds, 650 F.2d 651 (5th Cir. July 1981) (per curiam), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (any prejudice caused by reference to polygraph cured by instruction).
cited
Cited "see"
Strouse v. Leonardo
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1360 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Milton F. Jones, United States of America v. Charles Campion & Bernard Campion
(2×)
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 , 1354 n. 10 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (firm rule in Fifth Circuit that a prior panel decision is binding until reconsidered and reversed by the en banc court).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Robert Lee Alexander
See United States v. McBee, 659 F.2d 1302, 1306 (5th Cir. Unit B 1981) (police were justified in conducting a warrantless search of a car that they had already impounded because the mobility problem, though slight, continued to exist), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982). 5 Based on the evidence noted above, the district court held that the government had satisfied the exigency prong of the automobile exception, but the court then stated an alternative holding.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Jorge Manotas-Mejia, Justo Estrada-Tello, Julian Enriquez-Castro, and Samuel Ramirez-Rios
See United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 405 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Lulac, Gi Forum and Naacp, Plaintiffs-Intervenors-Appellees v. State of Texas
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1352-4 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); 9 C.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Manzella
See United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 383 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Manzella
See United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 383 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982). 13 Because he was only an occasional customer, however, Canale was not personally involved in the crimes of the Provenzano organization perpetrated at the behest of other customers.
cited
Cited "see"
Johnson v. Thigpen
See generally Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1371-76 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
Joseph Mulligan v. Ralph Kemp, Warden, Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Center, Respondent
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1356 (5th Cir. Unit A September 14, 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Warren McCleskey Cross-Appellant v. Ralph Kemp, Warden, Cross-Appellee
(2×)
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1358 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Fernando Cisneros-Mireles and Jorge Luis Cisneros-Mireles
See United States v. McBee, 659 F.2d 1302 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Gaultney, 581 F.2d at 1142 .
cited
Cited "see"
Alvord v. Wainwright
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1377 (5th Cir. Unit A 1981) (invalidating sentence on basis of faulty instructions), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
Alvord v. Wainwright
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1377 (5th Cir. Unit A 1981) (invalidating sentence on basis of faulty instructions), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
McCleskey v. Zant
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 (5th Cir. Unit A 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (failure to interview in person the only eye witness to an armed robbery and murder not ineffective assistance of counsel where client was asserting an alibi defense and telephone interview had established that witness could not identify or describe the gunman). 36 Slightly more troubling than the failure to interview the witnesses at the store was counsel’s failure to interview the sheriff’s deputies and Offie Evans prior to trial.
cited
Cited "see"
Milton Armstead v. Ross Maggio, Jr., Warden, Louisiana State Penitentiary, Rubin Tackno v. Ross Maggio, Jr., Warden, Louisiana State Penitentiary
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1354 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Vela v. Estelle, 708 F.2d 954 (5th Cir.1983).
discussed
Cited "see"
Leonard O. Diaz, Jr. v. T.C. Martin, Warden, Federal Correctional Institution
(2×)
Accord, Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1354 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982). .
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Richard Jesse Rusmisel
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 (5th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
Edward Charles Pickens v. A.L. Lockhart, Director, Arkansas Department of Corrections
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1373 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Glenn Earl Martin v. State of Texas
Cuyler v. Sullivan, 446 U.S. 335 , 100 S.Ct. 1708 , 64 L.Ed.2d 333 (1980); Perez v. Wainwright, 640 F.2d 596, 597 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 910 , 102 S.Ct. 1759 , 72 L.Ed.2d 168 (1982); see generally Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 , 1355 & n. 13 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Dowl
See also United States v. McBee, 659 F.2d 1302, 1305 (5th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); United States v. Whitfield, 629 F.2d 136, 141-42 (D.C.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Abbell
While the number of defendants should not be the determinative factor in whether a court grants or denies a motion to sever, severance becomes necessary if the jury will not be able to "individualize each defendant in his relation to the mass." United States v. Watchmaker, 761 F.2d 1459, 1476 (11th Cir.1985) (quoting Kotteakos v. United States, 328 U.S. 750 , 66 S.Ct. 1239 , 90 L.Ed. 1557 (1946)), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1101 , 106 S.Ct. 880 , 88 L.Ed.2d 917 (1986); see also, United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 385 (5th Cir.1981) (assessing "`whether ... it is within the capacity of the jur…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Watters v. State
Miranda, 384 U.S. at 444-45 , 86 S.Ct. at 1612-13 ; see also Bryant v. State, 49 Md.App. 272, 277 , 431 A.2d 714 , cert. denied, 291 Md. 772 , 782 (1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Clark v. Dugger
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1355 (5th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Easter v. Estelle, 609 F.2d 756, 759 (5th Cir.1980).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Clark v. Dugger
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1355 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Easter v. Estelle, 609 F.2d 756, 759 (5th Cir.1980). 35 Finally, Clark contends that he received ineffective representation during the penalty phase.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Charles Kenneth Foster v. Richard L. Dugger, and Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General, Respondents
Counsel need not "pursue every path until it bears fruit or until all available hope withers." Solomon v. Kemp, 735 F.2d 395, 402 (11th Cir.1984), (quoting Lovett v. Florida, 627 F.2d 706, 708 (5th Cir.1980)), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1181 , 105 S.Ct. 940 , 83 L.Ed.2d 952 ; see also Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1356 (11th Cir. Unit A 1981) cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Foster v. Dugger
Counsel need not “pursue every path until it bears fruit or until all available hope withers.” Solomon v. Kemp, 735 F.2d 395, 402 (11th Cir.1984), (quoting Lovett v. Florida, 627 F.2d 706, 708 (5th Cir.1980)), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1181 , 105 S.Ct. 940 , 83 L.Ed.2d 952 ; see also Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1356 (11th Cir. Unit A 1981) cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Roche v. EF Hutton & Co., Inc.
See also United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 382 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (word “conduct”, as used in RICO, simply means the performance of activities necessary or helpful to the operation of the enterprise); Joseph v. Algemene Bank Nederland, N.V., 592 F.Supp. 141 (W.D.Pa.1984) (it is only when the predicate acts are unrelated to the enterprise or the actor’s association with it that the nexus element is missing).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Chagra
Wright, Federal Practice and Procedure: Criminal § 515 et seq. (2 ed. 1982); see also United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 382 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982). ' Conspiracy requires that the actors intend to commit some substantive criminal offense.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Carl Edwin Wiggins v. Raymond K. Procunier, Director, Texas Department of Corrections, Respondent
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1368 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Angelo Pepe and Thomas Miglionico, United States of America v. Albert Joseph Facchiano, Francis Santo, Paul Santo
See also United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 402-03 (5th Cir.1981) (arson and mail fraud arising from same burning), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 , 456 U.S. 943 , 102 S.Ct. 2007 , 72 L.Ed.2d 465 , 456 U.S. 943 , 102 S.Ct. 2006 , 72 L.Ed.2d 465 (1982); United States v. Colacurio, 659 F.2d 684 , 688 n. 4 (5th Cir.1981) (multiple briberies), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1002 , 102 S.Ct. 1635 , 71 L.Ed.2d 869 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Larry Jones, Cross-Appellant v. Morris Thigpen, Commissioner, Mississippi Dept. Of Corrections, Cross-Appellee
It argues that the only signposts on the way to Enmund were the cases concerning nonstatutory mitigating factors that focused on the “concept of individualized sentencing.” Lockett v. Ohio, 438 U.S. 586, 602 , 98 S.Ct. 2954, 2963 , 57 L.Ed.2d 973 (1978); see also Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1367-77 (5th Cir.1981), cert, denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Billy Sunday Birt v. Charles N. Montgomery, Warden, Georgia State Prison
(2×)
Compare Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (experienced counsel made no investigation into the jury pool and the court nevertheless held counsel was not ineffective).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Radovsky v. State
See also the extensive discussion of Edwards and the other pertinent Supreme Court cases by Chief Judge Gilbert for the Court of Special Appeals in Bryant v. State, 49 Md.App. 272 , 431 A.2d 714 (1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982). 7 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Billy Sunday Birt v. Charles N. Montgomery, Warden, Georgia State Prison
(2×)
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 , 1364 & n. 36 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (attorney reasonably chose not to challenge racial composition of grand jury pool after observing tactics of other lawyers in comparable cases); Gustave v. United States, 627 F.2d 901, 906 (9th Cir.1980) (failure to inquire into racial bias during voir dire excused because attorney made strategic choice regarding proper allocation of time) * Circuit Judge Hill did not participate in this decision.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Ivon Ray Stanley v. Walter D. Zant, Warden Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Center, Defendant
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1375 (5th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982): The fatal flaw in Lockett was not the exclusion of evidence relating to nonstatutory mitigating factors, but the limitation on the sentencer’s consideration of that evidence except as it related to the statutory mitigating factors.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Ronald Glen Shaw
See also United States v. McBee, 659 F.2d 1302, 1305 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982). 6 Clearly, the rationale of Chambers and its progeny is not that an automobile maintains its mobility when parked at the police station, but rather that, given the scope of the initial intrusion caused by seizure of an automobile, there is no constitutional difference between the proper search on the highway and the later search at the station. 7 In the words of the Supreme Court, “for constitutional purposes, we see no difference between on the one hand s…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
James E. Le Vick v. Skaggs Companies, Inc.
See also Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1354, n. 10 (5th Cir.) (dictum), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (Panel of court can overrule decision of another panel if there has been overriding Supreme Court decision); Davis v. Estelle, 529 F.2d 437, 441 (5th Cir.1976) (same) (dictum); 9 Moore’s Federal Practice K 235.02, p. 35-5, n. 3 (1982) (same).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Washington v. Strickland
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1355-56 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Davis v. Alabama, 596 F.2d 1214, 1217 (5th Cir.1979), vacated as moot, 446 U.S. 903 , 100 S.Ct. 1827 , 64 L.Ed.2d 256 (1980); Rummel v. Estelle, 590 F.2d 103, 104 (5th Cir.1979); Gaines v. Hopper, 575 F.2d 1147, 1149-50 (5th Cir.1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Washington v. Strickland
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1355-56 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Davis v. Alabama, 596 F.2d 1214, 1217 (5th Cir.1979), vacated as moot, 446 U.S. 903 , 100 S.Ct. 1827 , 64 L.Ed.2d 256 (1980); Rummel v. Estelle, 590 F.2d 103, 104 (5th Cir.1979); Gaines v. Hopper, 575 F.2d 1147, 1149-50 (5th Cir.1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. G. Cecil Hartley, Travis Dell and Treasure Isle, Inc.
All that is necessary is that the person “be aware of the essential nature and scope of the enterprise and intend to participate.” United States v. Conroy, 589 F.2d 1258, 1269 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 831 , 100 S.Ct. 60 , 62 L.Ed.2d 40 (1979); see also United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 404 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, - U.S.-, 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
McBee
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 81-6465.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Apr 26, 1982.
Published
C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.