Howard v. Cent. of Georgia R.R., 459 U.S. 1071 (1982). · Go Syfert
Howard v. Cent. of Georgia R.R., 459 U.S. 1071 (1982). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
338 citation events (16 in the last 25 years) across 65 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Roe v. Antle (nmd, 1997-04-01) · Strongest negative: Commonwealth v. Wilcox (mass, 2002-05-20)
Treatment trajectory · 1983 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1983 2004 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
discussed Cited "but see" Commonwealth v. Wilcox
Mass. · 2002 · signal: but see · confidence high
But see United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 202-203 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 (1982) (expressing uneasiness with approach followed by other Federal courts and providing procedure whereby replacement and absentee grand jurors are given transcript of missed proceedings as well as an opportunity to recall witnesses for questioning).
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Roe v. Antle
D.N.M. · 1997 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
ausal connection may be demonstrated by evidence of circumstances that justify an inference of retaliatory motive, such as protected conduct closely followed by adverse action.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Sanchez
11th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Gianni, 678 F.2d 956, 959-60 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
cited Cited "see" Doan v. Seagate Technology, Inc.
10th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Burrus v. United Telephone Co., 683 F.2d 339, 342 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
cited Cited "see" Robert S, FURR, Leslie Woosley, Bernard E. Ozinga, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY, INC., Defendant-Appellant
10th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Burrus v. United Telephone Co., 683 F.2d 339, 342 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
cited Cited "see" Furr v. Seagate Technology
10th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Burrus v. United Telephone Co., 683 F.2d 339, 342 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 (1982).
discussed Cited "see" Franklin D.B. Jackson v. Henry G. Cisneros, Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development
10th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See id. (affirming trial court's determination, after trial to the court, that Title VII plaintiff failed to establish prima facie case of retaliation, "[g]iven the length of time [, three years,] between the filing of charges and the termination").
discussed Cited "see" Berry v. General Motors Corp.
D. Kan. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Burns v. United Telephone Co., 683 F.2d 339, 343 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982) (protected conduct closely followed by adverse action can demonstrate a causal connection).
discussed Cited "see" Commonwealth v. Lacend
Mass. App. Ct. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Gianni, 678 F.2d 956, 958, 959-960 (11th Cir.), cert, denied, 459 U.S. 1071 (1982), and United States v. Panitz, 907 F.2d 1267, 1268-1270, 1272-1273 (1st Cir. 1990), where comparable undercover operations withstood constitutional scrutiny.
cited Cited "see" Ronald C. Taylor, Cross-Appellee v. Coors Biotech Products Company, Cross-Appellant
10th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Burrus v. United Telephone Co. of Kansas, Inc., 683 F.2d 339, 343 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 (1982).
cited Cited "see" Robert J. Austin, D/B/A Austin Roofing v. State Industrial Insurance System Laury M. Lewis, General Manager
9th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See O’Connor v. Nevada, 686 F.2d 749, 750 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
cited Cited "see" Government of the Virgin Islands v. A., Leonard
3rd Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 203 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Lorenzo Gonzalez, A/K/A \Tito
unknown court · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 199 (3d Cir.), cert. denied 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982); Boscia, 573 F.2d at 833 (noting that “considerations of judicial economy weigh heavily against separate trials.”).
discussed Cited "see" Austin v. State Industrial Insurance System
D. Nev. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See O’Connor v. State, 686 F.2d 749, 750 (9th Cir.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982) (state bar found to be a state agency entitled to eleventh amendment immunity even though its funds are from attorney dues and not from the state general fund).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Gigante
D.N.J. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Eaby v. Richmond, 561 F.Supp. 131 (E.D.Pa.1983), and United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982), which hold that there need not be an associational element apart from the pattern of racketeering activities themselves.
cited Cited "see" Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Townley Engineering & Manufacturing Company
9th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See McClatchy Newspapers v. Central Valley Typographical Union, 686 F.2d 731 , 734 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
cited Cited "see" Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Townley Engineering & Manufacturing Co.
9th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See McClatchy Newspapers v. Central Valley Typographical Union, 686 F.2d 731 , 734 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Arthur J. Greer
11th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Gianni, 678 F.2d 956, 958-59 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982). 9 .
discussed Cited "see" Timothy Malone v. John Avenenti, Warden Robert Corbin, Attorney General (2×)
9th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cel-A-Pack v. California Agricultural Labor Relations Board, 680 F.2d 664 , 668 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
discussed Cited "see" State ex rel. Corbin v. Tolleson
Ariz. Ct. App. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See McClatchy Newspapers v. Central Valley Typographical Union No. 46, International Typographical Union, 686 F.2d 731, 734 (9th Cir.), cert. denied 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Steinmetz
M.D. Penn. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982); United States v. Dickins, supra. Finally, defendants maintain that a severance should be granted because their interests are irreconcilably opposed to each other.
discussed Cited "see" San Diego Committee Against Registration and the Draft (Card), Plaintiff v. The Governing Board of the Grossmont Union High School District (2×)
9th Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Cel-A-Pak v. California Agricultural Labor Relations Board, 680 F.2d 664, 667 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982) (Rule 3(c) mandates liberality in determining compliance with Rule 4(a)).
discussed Cited "see" Laxalt v. McClatchy
D. Nev. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See McClatchy Newspapers d/b/a The Sacramento Bee v. Central Valley Typographical Union No. 46, 686 F.2d 731 (9th Cir.), cert. denied 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982); The Sacramento Bee, published by McClatchy Newspapers v. United States District Court, 656 F.2d 477 (9th Cir.), cert. denied 456 U.S. 983 , 102 S.Ct. 2257 , 72 L.Ed.2d 861 (1982).
cited Cited "see" Johnson v. University of Nevada
D. Nev. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See NRS 41.031(3); See O’Connor v. Nevada, 686 F.2d 749, 750 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
cited Cited "see" Linda Love v. Re/max of America, Inc.
10th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Burrus v. United Telephone Co., 683 F.2d 339 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Lanier v. Old Republic Insurance
M.D. Ala. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also McClatchy Newspapers v. Central Valley Typographical Union No. 46, 686 F.2d 731 , 734 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982); Washington-Baltimore Newspaper Guild, Local 35 v. Washington Post Co., 442 F.2d 1234, 1238-39 (D.C.Cir. 1971); American Centennial Ins.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Juan Delgado, Emilio Albelo, Juan Carlos Riverol, Tomas Raul Hernandez
11th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence low
United States v. Tamargo, 672 F.2d 887, 889 (11th Cir.) (internal citations omitted), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 864 , 103 S.Ct. 141 , 74 L.Ed.2d 119 (1982); see also United States v. Gianni, 678 F.2d 956, 959 (11th Cir.) (specifying that a defendant’s assent may be inferred from acts furthering the conspiracy’s purpose), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Bertoli
D.N.J. · 1994 · signal: see also · confidence low
For instance, some circuits had held that "[o]ne conducts the activities of an enterprise through a pattern of racketeering when (1) one is enabled to commit the predicate offenses solely by virtue of [one's] position in the enterprise or involvement in or control over the affairs of the enterprise, or (2) the predicate offenses are related to the activities of that enterprise.” United States v. Scotto, 641 F.2d 47, 54 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 452 U.S. 961 , 101 S.Ct. 3109 , 69 L.Ed.2d 971 (1981); see also United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 200 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1…
cited Cited "see, e.g." PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF SE PA. v. Casey
E.D. Pa. · 1993 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., McClatchy Newspapers v. Central Valley Typographical Union, 686 F.2d 731 , 734 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982); see generally 7 James W.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Stone v. City & County of San Francisco
N.D. Cal. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
NLRB v. Beer Drivers & Salesmen’s Local Union No. 888, 536 F.2d 1268, 1276 (9th Cir.1976); see also McClatchy Newspapers v. Central Valley Typographical Union No. 46, 686 F.2d 731, 735 (9th Cir.) (“[A]n appeal of a contempt order issued to force compliance with an injunction should not divest the [district] court of jurisdiction to modify that order to achieve the same enforcement purpose.”), cert, denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Bloome
E.D.N.Y · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 203-04 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982); United States v. Pacelli, 521 F.2d *549 135, 149 (2d Cir.1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 911 , 96 S.Ct. 1106 , 47 L.Ed.2d 314 (1976).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Commonwealth v. Chester (2×)
Pa. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Solomon Philip Panitz, United States of America v. Andrew Stewart Baumwald
1st Cir. · 1990 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Gianni, 678 F.2d 956, 959-60 (11th Cir.) (government’s delivery and sale of marijuana to willing buyers for large sums of cash does not constitute outrageous conduct), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Gussin v. Shockey
D. Maryland · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." cadc 1989
D.C. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
Another Court of Appeals restated the Scotto test in United States v. Cauble, 706 F.2d 1322 (5th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1005 , 104 S.Ct. 996 , 79 L.Ed.2d 229 (1984), finding the demands of Sec. 1962(c) satisfied when "the defendant's position in the enterprise facilitated his commission of the racketeering acts" and "the predicate acts had some effect on the lawful enterprise." Id. at 1333; see also United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 200 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982) (following Scotto ). 43 We decline to adopt a more restricti…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Hill v. Seaboard Coast Line Railroad Company
11th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Burrus v. United Telephone Co. of Kansas, 683 F.2d 339, 342 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982); Lynn v. Regents of the University of California, 656 F.2d 1337, 1344-45 (9th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 823 , 103 S.Ct. 53 , 74 L.Ed.2d 59 (1982).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Hill v. Seaboard Coast Line Railroad
11th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Burrus v. United Telephone Co. of Kansas, 683 F.2d 339, 342 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982); Lynn v. Regents of the University of California, 656 F.2d 1337, 1344-45 (9th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 823 , 103 S.Ct. 53 , 74 L.Ed.2d 59 (1982).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Yellow Bus Lines, Inc. v. Drivers, Chauffeurs & Helpers Local Union 639
D.C. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
Another Court of Appeals restated the Scotto test in United States v. Cauble, 706 F.2d 1322 (5th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1005 , 104 S.Ct. 996 , 79 L.Ed.2d 229 (1984), finding the demands of § 1962(c) satisfied when “the defendant’s position in the enterprise facilitated his commission of the racketeering acts” and “the predicate acts had some effect on the lawful enterprise.” Id. at 1333; see also United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 200 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982) (following Scotto).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Fowle v. C & C Cola
3rd Cir. · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Jayasinghe v. Bethlehem Steel Corp., 760 F.2d 132, 135 (7th Cir.1985) (“the policies behind the McDonnell Douglas template would best be served by limiting the prima facie showing of ‘qualification’ to relative objective qualifications.”) These courts have reasoned that evaluations that a plaintiff lacks these qualities are more susceptible of abuse and more likely to mask pretext. “[S]ubjective decision making provides an opportunity for unlawful discrimination.” Burrus v. United Telephone Co., 683 F.2d 339, 342 (10th Cir.) (citation omitted), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 107…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Wilson F. Fowle v. C & C Cola
3rd Cir. · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Jayasinghe v. Bethlehem Steel Corp., 760 F.2d 132, 135 (7th Cir.1985) ("the policies behind the McDonnell Douglas template would best be served by limiting the prima facie showing of 'qualification' to relative objective qualifications.") These courts have reasoned that evaluations that a plaintiff lacks these qualities are more susceptible of abuse and more likely to mask pretext. "[S]ubjective decision making provides an opportunity for unlawful discrimination." Burrus v. United Telephone Co., 683 F.2d 339, 342 (10th Cir.) (citation omitted), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." cadc 1988
D.C. Cir. · 1988 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 200 (3rd Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982) (following Scotto ). 42 We decline to adopt a more restrictive standard than that enunciated in Cauble and Scotto.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Yellow Bus Lines, Inc. v. Drivers, Chauffeurs & Helpers Local Union 639
D.C. Cir. · 1988 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 200 (3rd Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed. 2d 634 (1982) (following Scotto).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Biaggi
S.D.N.Y. · 1987 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 200 (3d Cir.) (“The fact that the union was harmed rather than benefitted [by its president’s acceptance of bribes to overlook collective bargaining violations] does not remove the conduct from RICO's ambit.”), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982); United States v. Webster, 669 F.2d 185, 186-87 (4th Cir.1982) (on rehearing, reversing position on this issue taken in United States v. Webster, 639 F.2d 174 (4th Cir.1981), and holding that “The proper question should have been whether the affairs of the [e…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. J. Michael Robilotto, Louis D. Spagnola and Anthony v. Civitello, Defendants
2d Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
See United States v. LeRoy, 687 F.2d 610, 617 (2d Cir.1982) (section 1962(c) “does not require that predicate acts be in furtherance of the enterprise”), cer t. denied, 459 U.S. 1174 , 103 S.Ct. 823 , 74 L.Ed.2d 1019 (1983); see also United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 200 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982); cf. United States v. Cauble, 706 F.2d 1322, 1332-33 (5th Cir.1983) (adding requirement that predicate acts had some effect on the enterprise), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1005 , 104 S.Ct. 996 , 79 L.Ed.2d 229 (1984).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Giglio v. Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
M.D. Penn. · 1987 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., O’Connor v. Nevada, 507 F.Supp. 546 (D.Nev.1981), aff'd, 686 F.2d 749 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982) (Nevada Supreme Court was dismissed from action seeking prospective injunctive relief on eleventh amendment grounds; Ex parte Young exception did not apply since the Nevada Supreme Court justices were not state officials but rather were “arms of the state itself”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Wrenn v. Gould
6th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Burrus v. United Telephone Co., 683 F.2d 339, 343 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982); Smalley v. City of Eatonville, 640 F.2d 765, 769 (5th Cir.1981); Womack v. Munson, 619 F.2d 1292, 1296 (8th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 979 , 101 S.Ct. 1513 , 67 L.Ed.2d 814 (1981); Grant v. Bethlehem Steel Corp., 622 F.2d 43, 46 (2d Cir.1980).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." ca6 1987
6th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Burrus v. United Telephone Co., 683 F.2d 339, 343 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982); Smalley v. City of Eatonville, 640 F.2d 765, 769 (5th Cir.1981); Womack v. Munson, 619 F.2d 1292, 1296 (8th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 979 , 101 S.Ct. 1513 , 67 L.Ed.2d 814 (1981); Grant v. Bethlehem Steel Corp., 622 F.2d 43, 46 (2d Cir.1980).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Jim Forno's Continental Motors, Inc. v. Subaru Distributors Corp.
N.D.N.Y. · 1986 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 200 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United Artists Corp. & L.P.A.A., Marcello Danon v. La Cage Aux Folles, Inc. (2×)
9th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Cel-A-Pak v. California Agricultural Labor Relations Board, 680 F.2d 664, 668-69 (9th Cir.1982) (no significant new evidence in motion), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 491 , 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982); National Industries, 677 F.2d at 1270 (insufficient response to a summary judgment motion).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Thomas E. Byrd
11th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Provenzano, 688 F.2d 194, 203 (3rd Cir.1982), cert. denied 459 U.S. 1071 , 103 S.Ct. 492 , 74 L.Ed.2d 634 (1982) (Kastigar hearing unnecessary where government’s documents demonstrated prior knowledge of the evidence used against the defendant).
Howard
v.
Central of Georgia Railroad Co.
No. 82-670.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Dec 6, 1982.
459 U.S. 1071

Sup. Ct. Ga. Certiorari denied.