green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 4×
9.5 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 2 distinct cases, last quoted 1992 ·
…subsection (a)(5) requires 'personal injury, or death ... occurring in the united states ...
⚠ not in text
cited 2× by 1 distinct case, last quoted 1988 ·
…we will not ... infer intent merely from the existence of wage differences between jobs that are only similar.
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985
2005
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 31 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Karen D. Peters, Cross-Appellants v. The City of Shreveport, Cross-Appellee
But see Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 709 (9th Cir.) (“even where the female faculty members are able to frame a cognizable Title VII or Equal Pay Act claim, it does not allow the male [faculty members] ‘to bootstrap their job grievances ... into an employment discrimination claim rooted in federal law.’ ”) (quoting Ruffin v. County of Los Angeles, 607 F.2d 1276, 1281 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1600 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1979)), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Siderman Blake v. Republic of Argentina
subsection (a)(5) requires 'personal injury, or death ... occurring in the united states ...
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Siderman de Blake v. Republic of Argentina
subsection (a)(5) requires 'personal injury, or death ... occurring in the united states ...
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
State v. Brown
because we hold that the warrant was validly issued . . . we need not decide whether the modification of the exclusionary rule made by leon would sufficiently uphold the rights guaranteed by article first, 7, of the connecticut constitution
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Cross-Appellee v. Sears, Roebuck & Company, Cross-Appellant
(2×)
we will not ... infer intent merely from the existence of wage differences between jobs that are only similar.
discussed
Cited "see"
Miguel Santos v. Compagnie Nationale Air France
See Berkovitz v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 735 F.2d 329, 332 (9th Cir.), cert. denied 469 U.S. 1035 , 105 S.Ct. 510 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984) (emotional suffering of family members is not a direct effect of wrong committed abroad).
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Gagnon
State v. Williams, 169 Conn. 322, 326 , 363 A.2d 72 (1975); State v. Rose, 168 Conn. 623, 627-28 , 362 A.2d 813 (1975); State v. Allen, 155 Conn. 385, 391 , 232 A.2d 315 (1967).’ State v. DeChamplain, 179 Conn. 522, 527-28 , 427 A.2d 1338 (1980); see State v. Arpin, 188 Conn. 183, 193 , 448 A.2d 1334 (1982). ‘Probable cause to search exists if: (1) there is probable cause to believe that the particular items sought to be seized are connected with criminal activity or will assist in a particular apprehension or con viction . . . and (2) there is probable cause to believe that the items soug…
discussed
Cited "see"
Gugliani v. Shipping Corp. of India
Accord Berkovitz v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 735 F.2d 329 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1035 , 105 S.Ct. 510 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984); Barnett v. Iberia Air Lines, 660 F.Supp. 1148 (N.D.Ill.1987); Tucker v. Whitaker Travel, Ltd., 620 F.Supp. 578 (E.D.Pa.1985), aff’d, 800 F.2d 1140 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 578 , 93 L.Ed.2d 581 (1986); Keller v. Transportes Aereos Militares Ecuadorianos, 601 F.Supp. 787 (D.D.C.1985); Tigchon v. Island of Jamaica, 591 F.Supp. 765 (W.D.Mich.1984).
discussed
Cited "see"
Tifa Ltd. v. Republic of Ghana
See Berkovitz v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 735 F.2d 329, 331 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1035 , 105 S.Ct. 510 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984) (fact that plaintiffs treated Iran as a foreign state throughout the litigation was a factor in finding the revolutionary government of Iran to be a foreign state).
cited
Cited "see"
Colletti v. Crudele
See Maunder v. DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada, Ltd. (1984), 102 Ill. 2d 342, 350 , 466 N.E.2d 217, 221 , cert. denied (1984), 469 U.S. 1036 , 83 L.
cited
Cited "see"
54 Fair empl.prac.cas. 1873, 45 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 37,758, 46 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 37,996
See Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 696 (9th Cir.) (Spaulding ), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
cited
Cited "see"
Forsberg v. Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Co.
See Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 696 (9th Cir.) (Spaulding ), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see"
Thomas v. Anchorage Telephone Utility
(2×)
Accord Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686 (9th Cir.) (disparate impact analysis inappropriate to compare nursing school faculty salaries with other schools' faculty salaries), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984); Christensen v. State of Iowa, 563 F.2d 353, 356 (8th Cir.1977) (disparate impact analysis inappropriate to compare clerical workers' salaries with physical plant workers' salaries); Lemons v. City and County of Denver, 620 F.2d 228 (10th Cir.) (no cause of action under Title VII where plaintiffs seek to compare nurse positions with non-…
discussed
Cited "see"
American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees v. County of Nassau
The court concludes, however, that these injuries and rights do not place them within the title VII zone of interests, because “[t]he male workers do not claim that they have been discriminated against because they are men,” Patee, supra, 803 F.2d at 478 ; accord Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 709 (9th Cir.) (male faculty member cannot bootstrap job grievance into title VII claim, even where female faculty members have cognizable claim), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see"
Anna Penk v. Oregon State Board Of Higher Education
See Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 704 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984) 2 Plaintiffs seize upon a possibly erroneous belief held by the district judge that the board was correct in its use of faculty rank as an "objective piece of data." This intermediate shifting of the burden of persuasion, however, even if error, does not appear to have affected the outcome of the trial
cited
Cited "see"
Penk v. Oregon State Board of Higher Education
See Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 704 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984). .
discussed
Cited "see"
Akerman v. Oryx Communications, Inc.
See Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 703 (9th Cir.) ("statistical evidence has an inherently slippery nature and can be exaggerated, oversimplified, or distorted to create support for a position that is not otherwise supported by the evidence") (citations omitted), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984); Note, Judicial Refinement of Statistical Evidence in Title VII Cases, 13 Conn.L.Rev. 515, 525 (1981).
discussed
Cited "see"
Morris Akerman v. Oryx Communications, Inc.
See Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 703 (9th Cir.) ("statistical evidence has an inherently slippery nature and can be exaggerated, over-simplified, or distorted to create support for a position that is not otherwise supported by the evidence") (citations omitted), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984); Note, Judicial Refinement of Statistical Evidence in Title VII Cases, 13 Conn.L.Rev. 515, 525 (1981).
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Salz
There is probable cause to search where “ ‘(1) there is probable cause to believe that the particular items sought to be seized are connected with criminal activity or will assist in a particular apprehension or conviction . . . and (2) there is probable cause to believe that the items sought to be seized will be found in the place to be searched.’ (Emphasis in original; citations omitted.) State v. DeChamplain, [ 179 Conn. 522, 528-29 , 427 A.2d 1338 (1980)]; see State v. Arpin, [ 188 Conn. 183 , 448 A.2d 1334 (1982)].” State v. Delmonaco, 194 Conn. 331, 337 , 481 A.2d 40 , cert. deni…
discussed
Cited "see"
Afirm, Inc. v. Frazee Paint & Wallcovering Co.
See generally Maunder v. DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada, Ltd., 102 Ill.2d 342, 349-52 , 80 Ill.Dec. 765, 768-71 , 466 N.E.2d 217, 220-23 (1984), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984); Cook Associates v. Lexington, 87 Ill.2d at 199-204 , 57 Ill.Dec. at 734-36 , 429 N.E.2d at 851-53 .
cited
Cited "see"
Hershel CLADY, Et Al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, Defendant-Appellee
See Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 703 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
cited
Cited "see"
42 Fair empl.prac.cas. 771, 37 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 35,456 Sharon A. Henry, Cross-Appellee v. Lennox Industries, Inc., Cross-Appellant
See Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 700-01 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see"
Bohm v. L.B. Hartz Wholesale Corp.
(2×)
See Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686 (9th Cir.), cert. denied ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Dinolfo v. Rochester Telephone Corp.
See also Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 698 (9th Cir.) (employees’ relative levels of skill, including relevant education, is component of whether their work is equal for purposes of EPA), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Lyman v. Nabil's Inc.
See also Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 709 (9th Cir.1984) (male faculty member cannot bootstrap job grievance into Title VII claim, even where female faculty members have cognizable claim), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984), overruled on other grounds by Atonio v. Wards Cove Packing Co., 810 F.2d 1477, 1482 (9th Cir.1987); Siegel v. Board of Educ., 713 F.Supp. 54, 56 (E.D.N.Y.1989) (permitting men to assert claim for sex discrimination against women would pervert Title VII purpose of requiring equal treatment); AFSCME v. Nassau County, 6…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Independent Insurance Agents of America, Inc. v. Robert L. Clarke, Comptroller of the Currency National Association of Life Underwriters v. Robert L. Clarke
See, e.g., Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686 , 694 n. 2 (9th Cir.) (declining to decide, in a pre-Garcia case involving a charge of discrimination under the Equal Pay Act, 29 U.S.C. § 206 (d)(1), whether the Act might be unenforceable against the university, a conceded state agency, "[b]ecause the parties neither raise the issue nor contend that it affects our jurisdiction"), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984). 116 As acknowledged by the McCormick majority, see McCormick, 111 S.Ct. at 1814 n. 6, some courts recognize an exception to the gener…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Independent Insurance Agents of America, Inc. v. Clarke
See, e.g., Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686 , 694 n. 2 (9th Cir.) (declining to decide, in a pre-Gama case involving a charge of discrimination under the Equal Pay Act, 29 U.S.C. § 206 (d)(1), whether the Act might be unenforceable against the university, a conceded state agency, “[b]ecause the parties neither raise the issue nor contend that it affects our jurisdiction”), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Cota v. Tucson Police Department
See also Spaulding v. University of Wash., 740 F.2d 686, 703 (9th Cir.) (statistical evidence has an “inherently slippery nature,” and can be “exaggerated, oversimplified, or distorted to create support for a position that is not otherwise supported by the evidence” (citations omitted)), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Dr. Julia Elizabeth Berry v. The Board of Supervisors of Louisiana State University and Agriculture and Mechanical College, Dr. Martin D. Woodlin
See also Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 697 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Lois Frolova v. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
See, e.g., Berkovitz v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 735 F.2d 329, 333 (9th Cir.) (treaty waiving immunity as to enterprises of Iran does not extend to Iran itself), ce rt. denied, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 510 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984); O’Connell Machinery Co. v. M.V.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Berkovitz
v.
Islamic Republic of Iran
v.
Islamic Republic of Iran
No. 84-484.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Nov 26, 1984.
Cited by 2 opinions | Published
C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.