Sun Towers, Inc. v. Heckler, 469 U.S. 823 (1984). · Go Syfert
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Sun Towers, Inc. v. Heckler, 469 U.S. 823 (1984). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“although the purpose of use undoubtedly is commercial, this fact alone does not defeat a fair use defense ... almost all newspapers, books and magazines are published by commercial enterprises that seek a profit”
198 citation events (3 in the last 25 years) across 55 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: American Geophysical Union v. Texaco Inc. (nysd, 1992-10-26)
Treatment trajectory · 1984 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1984 2005 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 33 distinct citers. How cited ↗
examined Cited as authority (quoted) American Geophysical Union v. Texaco Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1992 · signal: see, e.g. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
although the purpose of use undoubtedly is commercial, this fact alone does not defeat a fair use defense ... almost all newspapers, books and magazines are published by commercial enterprises that seek a profit
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) In Re Windmill Farms Management Co.
Bankr. S.D. Cal. · 1990 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
pacemaker
cited Cited "see" Gordon & Breach Science Publishers S.A. v. American Institute of Physics
S.D.N.Y. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Consumers Union of United States, Inc. v. General Signal Corp., 724 F.2d 1044, 1046 (2d Cir.1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" Twin Peaks Productions, Inc. v. Publications International, Ltd.
2d Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Salinger v. Random House, Inc., 811 F.2d 90, 96 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 890 , 108 S.Ct. 213 , 98 L.Ed.2d 177 (1987). 20 We have found fair use in works that are plainly "commercial." See Consumers Union of United States, Inc. v. General Signal Corp., 724 F.2d 1044, 1049 (2d Cir.1983) (advertisement disclosing Consumer Reports recommendation), reh'g denied, 730 F.2d 47 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984); Warner Bros., Inc. v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., 720 F.2d 231, 242 (2d Cir.1983) (television series parodying Superman); Elsm…
cited Cited "see" Basic Books, Inc. v. Kinko's Graphics Corp.
S.D.N.Y. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Consumers Union v. General Signal Corp., 724 F.2d 1044, 1049 (2d Cir.1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984).
cited Cited "see" Bhan v. NME Hospitals, Inc.
9th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pacemaker Diagnostic Clinic of America, Inc. v. Instromedix, Inc., 725 F.2d 537, 546 (9th Cir.1984) (en banc), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 824 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" Bhan v. Nme Hospitals, Inc.
9th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pacemaker Diagnostic Clinic of America, Inc. v. Instromedix, Inc., 725 F.2d 537, 546 (9th Cir.1984) (en banc), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 824 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984). 48 Neither of these cases explicitly controls the issue Bhan raises.
discussed Cited "see" In Re David Larry Davis, Debtor. Charles A. Gower, Trustee v. Farmers Home Administration
11th Cir. · 1990 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Pacemaker Diagnostic Clinic of America, Inc. v. Instromedix, Inc., 125 F.2d 537, 542-47 (9th Cir.) (en banc) (Kennedy, J.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 824 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984); see also Commodity Futures Trading Comm'n v. Schor, 478 U.S. 833, 848 , 106 S.Ct. 3245, 3255 , 92 L.Ed.2d 675 (1986) (“as a personal right, Article Ill’s guarantee of an impartial and independent federal adjudication is subject to waiver”).
discussed Cited "see" Mark Murret, Nick Congemi, Westley West, Sr., Tommy Powell and Anita Allen v. The City of Kenner, the Kenner Police Department
5th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pacemaker Diagnostic Clinic of Am. v. Instromedix, Inc., 725 F.2d 537, 545 (9th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 824 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984) (noting that the limits of section 636(c)(6) have not been explored).
cited Cited "see" Securities & Exchange Commission v. American Principals Holdings, Inc. (In re San Vicente Medical Partners Ltd.)
9th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pacemaker Diagnostic Clinic of America v. Instromedix, Inc., 725 F.2d 537, 541-43 (9th Cir.)(en banc), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 824 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed. 2d 45 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" In Re San Vicente Medical Partners Limited, Debtor. Securities and Exchange Commission v. American Principals Holdings, Inc., San Vicente Medical Partners, Ltd., Debtor-In-Possession-Appellant v. Ashley S. Orr, Receiver of American Principals Corporation, a California Corporation, Receiver-Appellee
9th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pacemaker Diagnostic Clinic of America v. Instromedix, Inc., 725 F.2d 537, 541-43 (9th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 824 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984). 22 There is no question that the parties voluntarily entered into the stipulation which the district court construed as consent for Orr's claim to be determined by a magistrate.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Lance H. Mortensen
9th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Dobey, 751 F.2d 1140, 1142-43 (10th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 818 , 106 S.Ct. 63 , 88 L.Ed.2d 52 (1985) (applying to criminal cases the Ninth Circuit’s civil case holding in Pacemaker Diagnostic Clinic of America v. Instromedix, 725 F.2d 537, 541 (9th Cir.1984) (en banc), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 824 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984), “that parties to a case or controversy in a federal forum are entitled to have the cause determined by Article III judges”).
discussed Cited "see" Winford L. Stokes, Jr. v. William M. Armontrout, William L. Webster
8th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Mitchell v. Wyrick, 727 F.2d 773, 774 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984) (petitioner may not raise ineffective assistance of Rule 27.26 counsel as separate claim on federal habeas review because state post-conviction process is civil procedure to which sixth amendment right to effective assistance does not attach).
discussed Cited "see" Gentile v. Town of Kure Beach
N.C. Ct. App. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Sterngass v. Bowman, 563 F. Supp. 456 (S.D.N.Y.), aff’d mem., 742 F. 2d 1440 (2d Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed. 2d 45 (1984); Eaton v. City of Solon, 598 F. Supp. 1505 (N.D.
discussed Cited "see" New Era Publications International, APS v. Henry Holt & Co.
S.D.N.Y. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Consumers Union of the United States, Inc. v. General Signal Corp., 724 F.2d 1044, 1051 (2d Cir.1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984); Triangle Publications, Inc. v. Knight-Ridder Newspapers, Inc., 626 F.2d 1171, 1177-78 (5th Cir.1980); W.
cited Cited "see" Homemakers North Shore, Inc. v. Bowen
N.D. Ill. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Sun Towers, Inc. v. Heckler, 725 F.2d 315, 336 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984).
cited Cited "see" St. Mary's Hospital of Troy v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield Ass'n/Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Greater New York
2d Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Sun Towers, Inc. v. Heckler, 725 F.2d 315 , 325 n. 16 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" St. Mary's Hospital Of Troy v. Blue Cross And Blue Shield Association
2d Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Sun Towers, Inc. v. Heckler, 725 F.2d 315 , 325 n. 16 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984). 9 It is clear that the interest in question was properly disallowed if the Manual sections are valid.
discussed Cited "see" Church of Scientology International v. Elmira Mission of the Church of Scientology
W.D.N.Y. · 1985 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord, Consumers Union of United States, Inc. v. General Signal Corp., 724 F.2d 1044, 1052 (2d Cir.1983) (“A preliminary injunction will issue where an advertisement creates a reasonable likelihood of confusion by consumers regarding the origin or sponsorship of the product”), ce rt. denied, — U.S.-, 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984); Coca-Cola Company v. Tropicana Products, Inc., 690 F.2d 312, 317 (2d Cir.1982) (Holding that statistical tests provided “sufficient evidence of a risk of irreparable harm because they demonstrate that a significant number of consumers would be likely …
discussed Cited "see" Vista Hill Foundation, Inc. v. Heckler
9th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Sun Towers, Inc. v. Heckler, 725 F.2d 315, 318 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984); Pacific Coast Medical Enterprises v. Harris, 633 F.2d 123, 126-27 (9th Cir.1980) 3 As Vista Hill points out, this is not the appropriate standard for determining whether costs are "necessary and proper" under 42 C.F.R.
discussed Cited "see" Vista Hill Foundation, Inc. v. Heckler
9th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Sun Towers, Inc. v. Heckler, 725 F.2d 315, 318 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984); Pacific Coast Medical Enterprises v. Harris, 633 F.2d 123, 126-27 (9th Cir.1980). .
discussed Cited "see" Bell & Beckwith v. United States of America, Internal Revenue Service, Donna D. Cannon
6th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pacemaker Diagnostic Clinic v. Instromedix, Inc., 725 F.2d 537 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984); Wharton-Thomas v. United States, 721 F.2d 922 (3d Cir.1983); see also KMC Co. v. Irving Trust, 757 F.2d 752 (6th Cir.1985) (holding the Magistrate Act constitutional).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Long Island Owner's Ass'n v. Davidson
Tex. App. · 1998 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Sun Towers, Inc. v. Heckler, 7 25 F.2d 315, 331 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984); Rapp v. Felsenthal, 628 S.W.2d 258, 260 (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 1982, writ ref d n.r.e.).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Lens Crafters, Inc. v. Vision World, Inc.
D. Minnesota · 1996 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Consumers Union of United States, Inc. v. General Signal Corp., 724 F.2d 1044 , 1052 n. 11 (2nd Cir.1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984); American Home Products v. Procter & Gamble, supra at 761; American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. v. MasterCard International, Inc., 776 F.Supp. 787, 790-91 (S.D.N.Y.1991); Tambrands, Inc. v. Warner-Lambert Co., 673 F.Supp. 1190, 1198 (S.D.N.Y.1987).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." American Home Products Corp. v. Procter & Gamble Co.
D.N.J. · 1994 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Consumers Union of United States, Inc. v. General Signal Corp., 724 F.2d 1044 , 1052 n. 11 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984); American Express Travel Related Serv. v. Mastercard, 776 F.Supp. 787, 791 (S.D.N.Y.1991); Tambrands, Inc. v. Warner-Lambert Co., 673 F.Supp. 1190, 1198 (S.D.N.Y.1987). 14 (b).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Arica Institute, Inc. v. Helen Palmer and Harper & Row Publishers, Incorporated
2d Cir. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
Interviews with Oscar Icha-zo.” Arica, 770 F.Supp. at 195 ; see also Consumers Union of U.S., Inc. v. General Signal Corp., 724 F.2d 1044, 1050 (2d Cir. 1983), cert. den. 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984) (use of 29 words from 2100 word article held insubstantial).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Francis Ordean Reese v. Thomas A. Fulcomer
3rd Cir. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
S.Ct. 747, 750, 21 L.Ed.2d 718 (1969); Wainwright v. Torna, 455 U.S. 586, 587 , 102 S.Ct. 1300, 1301 , 71 L.Ed.2d 475 (1982); see also Mitchell v. Wyrick, 727 F.2d 773, 774 (8th Cir.1984) (appellant not entitled to counsel at state post-conviction proceedings because they are civil in nature and not covered by the Sixth Amendment which applies only during the pendency of a criminal case), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Acuff-Rose Music, Inc. v. Campbell
M.D. Tenn. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Consumers Union of United States, Inc. v. General Signal Corp., 724 F.2d 1044, 1051 (2d *1158 Cir.1983) (“Where the copy does not compete in any way with the original ... concern is absent.”), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984); Elsmere Music, Inc. v. National Broadcasting Company, Inc., 482 F.Supp. 741, 746-47 (S.D.N.Y.), aff'd, 623 F.2d 252 (2d Cir.1980) (although defendants appropriated the heart of plaintiffs song, since the copying was a parody it could not fulfill demand for the original version).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Mary Lee Orsini v. Virginia Wallace, Warden, Women's Unit, Arkansas Department of Correction (2×)
8th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Pacemaker Diagnostic Clinic of America v. Instromedix, 725 F.2d 537, 541 (9th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 824 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Atwell Junior Conner v. Director of Division of Adult Corrections, State of Iowa
8th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Mitchell v. Wyrick, 727 F.2d 773, 774 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984) (§ 2254 does not authorize review of state postconviction relief proceedings).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Irena Narell v. Cynthia Freeman, AKA Bea Fineberg, G.P. Putnam's Sons, Berkeley Publishing Corp. (2×)
9th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Consumers Union of United States, Inc. v. General Signal Corp., 724 F.2d 1044, 1049 (2d Cir.1983), ce rt. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984) (reporting of factual information in advertisement); MCA, Inc. v. Wilson, 677 F.2d 180, 185 (2d Cir. 1981) (finding parody of copyrighted song not privileged as fair use).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." New Line Cinema Corp. v. Bertlesman Music Group, Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1988 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Consumers Union of United States, Inc. v. General Signal Corp., 724 F.2d 1044, 1049 (2d Cir.1983), ce rt. denied, 469 U.S. 823 , 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984) (commercial use alone does not defeat a fair use defense); Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., 621 F.2d 57, 61 (2d Cir.1980) (it is “relevant” to fair use whether work was used for “commercial exploitation”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Omega Equipment Corp. v. John C. Louis Co. (In Re Omega Equipment Corp.)
D.D.C. · 1985 · signal: see also · confidence low
See Thomas v. Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co., — U.S. -, -, 105 S.Ct. 3325, 3337-40 , 87 L.Ed.2d 409 (1985); see also Pacemaker Diagnostic Clinic of America, Inc. v. Instromedix, Inc., 725 F.2d 537, 544-46 (9th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 100 , 83 L.Ed.2d 45 (1984).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Sun Towers, Inc.
v.
Heckler, Secretary of Health and Human Services
No. 83-1867.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 1, 1984.
469 U.S. 823
Published
2 passages pin-cited by 2 cases
Pinpoint authority: bottom 67%
Citer courts: S.D. California (1) · S.D. New York (1)

C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.