green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
8.4 score
“a corporation ... cannot appear pro se, and must be represented by counsel”
Treatment trajectory · 1986 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1986
2006
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
United States v. Ianniello
(2×)
But see Alexander Grant and Co. v. Tiffany Industries, Inc., 770 F.2d 717 , 718 & n. 1 (8th Cir.1985) (post-Sedima decision, upholding as a pattern a series of predicate acts with the goal of obtaining a favorable audit), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 106 S.Ct. 799 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
discussed
Cited "but see"
United States v. Ianniello
(2×)
But see Alexander Grant and Co. v. Tiffany Industries, Inc., 770 F.2d 717 , 718 & n. 1 (8th Cir.1985) (post-Sedima decision, upholding as a pattern a series of predicate acts with the goal of obtaining a favorable audit), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 106 S.Ct. 799 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Armor Screen Corp. v. Storm Catcher, Inc.
a corporation ... cannot appear pro se, and must be represented by counsel
discussed
Cited "see"
Cedar Swamp Holdings, Inc. v. Zaman
E.g., Cedric Kushner Promotions, Ltd. v. King, 533 U.S. 158, 162 , 121 S.Ct. 2087 , 150 L.Ed.2d 198 (2001) (agreeing with numerous Court of Appeals cases adopting distinctness principle); accord Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985) (citing cases), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986). 56 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Wilbesan Charter Sch. v. School Bd. of Hillsborough County
(Dkt.46); See Palazzo v. Gulf Oil Corp., 764 F.2d 1381, 1385 (11th Cir.1985) (“a corporation is an artificial entity that can act only through agents, cannot appear pro se, and must be represented by counsel”), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 799 , 88 L.Ed.2d 775 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
National Satellite Sports, Inc. v. No Frills Restaurant, Inc.
See Palazzo v. Gulf Oil Corp., 764 F.2d 1381, 1385 (11th Cir.1985) ("The rule is well established that a corporation is an artificial entity that can act only through agents, cannot appear pro se, and must be represented by counsel.”), ce rt. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 799 , 88 L.Ed.2d 775 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Manela v. Garantia Banking Ltd.
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of N.Y., 770 F.2d 308, 313-14 (2d Cir.1985), cert, denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); Burke, 981 F.2d at 1379-80 . 88 . 678 F.Supp. 1023 (S.D.N.Y.1987). 89 .
cited
Cited "see"
Pits, Ltd. v. American Express Bank International
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 313 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); Aquino v. Trupin, 833 F.Supp. 336, 342 (S.D.N.Y.1993).
discussed
Cited "see"
Enservco, Inc. v. Indiana Securities Division
Jones & Co., 750 F.2d 767 (9th Cir.1984) (Rule 10b-5 plaintiff must prove (1) transaction causation-that violations caused plaintiff to engage in the transaction; and (2) loss causation-that misrepresentations or omissions caused the harm); accord Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986). 11 .
cited
Cited "see"
Trautz v. Weisman
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Dowd v. International Longshoremen's Ass'n
See Palazzo v. Gulf Oil Corp., 764 F.2d 1381, 1385-86 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 799 , 88 L.Ed.2d 775 (1986). .
discussed
Cited "see"
Litton Industries, Inc. v. Lehman Bros. Kuhn Loeb Inc.
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 313-16 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.s. 1058, 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); Hecht v. Commerce Clearing House, Inc., 897 F.2d 21, 23-24 (2d Cir.1990).
discussed
Cited "see"
Litton Industries, Inc. v. Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb Inc.
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 313-16 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); Hecht v. Commerce Clearing House, Inc., 897 F.2d 21, 23-24 (2d Cir.1990).
discussed
Cited "see"
225 West End Avenue Associates v. Bittorf
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986) (to establish “the required causation” for fraud under New York law, “plaintiff must show that the loss was a ‘direct result of the defendant’s wrongful actions and [that it was] independent of other causes’ ”) (citations omitted); Economou v. Borg-Warner, Corp., 652 F.Supp. 1242, 1250 (D.Conn.) (under New York law, there was no fraud because the injurious event would have occurred even if plaintiff had not taken action in reliance on…
discussed
Cited "see"
Citizens and Southern Securities Corp. v. Braten
See Bennett v. United States Trust Company of New York, 770 F.2d 308, 312 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058, 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1980). *662 Second, even if we accept defendants’ assertion that two Regulation T margin calls of $455,000 and $160,000 were due on October 14 and October 16, 1987, we fail to see the relevance of this contention.
cited
Cited "see"
Official Publications, Inc. v. Kable News Co.
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Official Publications, Inc. v. Kable News Co.
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Howard Jacobson v. Sam Cooper and David Jacobson
(2×)
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986). “[U]nder 1962(c) a corporate entity may not be simultaneously the ‘enterprise’ and the ‘person’ who conducts the affairs of the enterprise through a pattern of racketeering activity.” Id.
cited
Cited "see"
Perez-Rubio v. Wyckoff
Accord, Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 313 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Eisenberg v. Feiner (In Re Ahead by a Length, Inc.)
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A. v. Fidata Corp.
(2×)
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 314 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); Chemical Bank v. Arthur Andersen & Co., 726 F.2d 930 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 884 , 105 S.Ct. 253 , 83 L.Ed.2d 190 (1984); see also Stern v. Leucadia National Corp., 644 F.Supp. 1108, 1111 (S.D.N.Y.1986), aff'd in part, rev’d in part, 844 F.2d 997 (2d Cir.1988); Rich v. Touche Ross & Co., 415 F.Supp. 95, 99 (S.D.N.Y.1976); Miller v. Schweickart, 413 F.Supp. 1062, 1067 (S.D.N.Y.1976) (Weinfeld, J.) (allegation that defendant’s concealment of …
discussed
Cited "see"
West Point-Pepperell, Inc. v. Farley Inc.
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 311-13 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); Walck v. American Stock Exchange, Inc., 687 F.2d 778, 788-89 (3d Cir.1982), cert. denied, 461 U.S. 942 , 103 S.Ct. 2118 , 77 L.Ed.2d 1300 (1983); Stern v. Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, 603 F.2d 1073, 1074-93 (4th Cir.1979); Gilman v. FDIC, 660 F.2d 688, 691-93 (6th Cir.1981); Bassler v. Central Nat’l Bank, 715 F.2d 308 (7th Cir.1983); Utah State Univ. v. Bear Stearns & Co., 549 F.2d 164, 169-70 (10th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 890 ,…
discussed
Cited "see"
Sound Video Unlimited, Inc. v. Video Shack Inc.
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); Anitora Travel, Inc. v. Lapien, 677 F.Supp. 209, 219 (S.D.N.Y.1988); Richter v. Sudman, 634 F.Supp. 234, 240 (S.D.N.Y.1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Posner v. Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co.
The injury must be the “direct, immediate, and proximate result of the fraudulent misrepresentation.” Goldberg v. Mallinckrodt, Inc., 792 F.2d 305, 307 (2d Cir.1986); see Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert, denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
In Re Emhart Corp.
See Turner v. CF & I Steel Corp., 770 F.2d 43, 46-47 (3d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); Berry v. Ciba-Geigy Corp., 761 F.2d 1003, 1006-07 (4th Cir.1985); Blau v. Del Monte Corp., 748 F.2d 1348, 1357 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 865 , 106 S.Ct. 183 , 88 L.Ed.2d 152 (1985); In re Vorpahl, 695 F.2d 318, 321-22 (8th Cir.1982); Calamia v. Spivey, 632 F.2d 1235, 1237 (5th Cir.1980); Wardle v. Central States, Southeast and Southwest Areas Pension Fund, 627 F.2d 820, 829-30 (7th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1112 , 101 S.Ct. 922 , 66 L.Ed.…
cited
Cited "see"
Bruce v. Martin
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308, 313 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Ohman v. Kahn
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Benson v. RMJ Securities Corp.
Accord, Bennett v. United *369 States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 313 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Anitora Travel, Inc. v. Lapian
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); see also Haroco, Inc. v. American National Bank & Trust Company of Chicago, 747 F.2d 384, 399-403 (7th Cir.1984).
cited
Cited "see"
Elaine Hicks v. George S. Mickelson
See Hiegel v. Hill, 771 F.2d 358, 359 (8th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986). *727 The judgment of the district court is affirmed. 1 .
cited
Cited "see"
Greenfield v. Professional Care, Inc.
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Town of Kearny v. Hudson Meadows Urban Renewal Corp.
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert, denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); General Accident Ins.
cited
Cited "see"
The Town of Kearny, a Municipal Corporation of New Jersey v. Hudson Meadows Urban Renewal Corp. Formerly Known as Mimi Urban Renewal Development Corp. Dolores Turco, Individually, Jeryl Industries, Inc., a Corporation of New Jersey, Mimi Urban Renewal Development Corp., Formerly Mimi Development Corp., a Corporation of New Jersey, Mimi Redevelopment Associates, I, a Partnership of New Jersey, 3rd Party Pltfs. v. David Rowlands, Edmund Grimes and James Testa, 3rd Party Defts. Hartz Mountain Industries, Inc., a New York Corporation (Intervening Pltf.) Appeal of Hartz Mountain Industries, Inc., Plaintiff-Intervenor
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); General Accident Ins.
discussed
Cited "see"
Finast Metal Products, Inc. v. United States
See Palazzo v. Gulf Oil Corp., 764 F.2d 1381, 1385-86 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 799 , 88 L.Ed.2d 775 (1986); Jones v. Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority, 722 F.2d 20, 23 (2d Cir.1983).
examined
Cited "see"
Metzner v. DH Blair & Co., Inc.
(3×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308, 313 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 106 S.Ct. 3301 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986). 22 .
cited
Cited "see"
Rolls-Royce Motors, Inc. v. Charles Schmitt & Co.
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986). 3 .
cited
Cited "see"
Hanline v. Sinclair Global Brokerage Corp.
Accord Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); B.F.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States ex rel. Combustion Systems Sales, Inc. v. Eastern Metal Products & Fabricators, Inc.
See Turner v. CF & I Steel Corp., 510 F.Supp. 537 (D.Pa.1981), aff'd, 770 F.2d 43 (3d Cir.1985), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986)-(notice left with assistant secretary who neither refused to accept service nor directed server to the appropriate office constituted valid service); Orefice v. Laurelview Convalescent Center, Inc., 66 F.R.D. 136 (E.D.Pa.1975)—(service on controller of parent corporation valid service on subsidiary where controller was also in charge of bookkeeping activities at subsidiary).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Jay Teitler and Marc G. Schultz
(2×)
The most stringent reading of footnote 14 would require that the prosecution show “ ‘the same or similar purposes, results, participants, victims, or methods of commission____’” Sedima, 105 S.Ct. at 3285 n. 14. (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 3575 (e)); see generally Alexander Grant & Co. v. Tiffany Industries, Inc., 770 F.2d 717 , 718 n. 1 (8th Cir.1985), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 106 S.Ct. 799 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); Rojas v. First Bank National Asso *612 ciation, 613 F.Supp. 968 , 971 n. 1 (E.D.N.
cited
Cited "see"
Transunion Corp. v. Pepsico, Inc.
See Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308 , 315 & n. 2 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. John Cocivera, United States of America v. U.S. Health Products, Inc., United States of America v. North American Health Industries, Inc., United States of America v. American Health Products, Inc., United States of America v. Beneficial Health Products, Inc., United States of America v. Universal Medical Company, Inc., United States of America v. Mid-Atlantic Health Products, Inc.
See, e.g., Palazzo v. Gulf Oil Corp., 764 F.2d 1381, 1385 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 799 , 88 L.Ed.2d 775 (1986); Jones v. Niagara Frontier Transp.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Cocivera
See, e.g., Palazzo v. Gulf Oil Corp., 764 F.2d 1381, 1385 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 799 , 88 L.Ed.2d 775 (1986); Jones v. Niagara Frontier Transp.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Zinman v. Prudential Insurance Co. of America
See, e.g., Turner v. CF & I Steel Corp., 770 F.2d 43, 46 (3d Cir.1985) (“[T]he nature of most controversies under subsection (a)(1)(B) ... does not lend itself comfortably to the traditional jury trial”), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
R.C.M. Executive Gallery Corp. v. Rols Capital Co.
See Riverwoods Chappaqua Corp. v. Marine Midland Bank, N.A., 30 F.3d 339, 344 (2d Cir.1994) (under § 1962(c), the RICO “person” who conducts the affairs of the RICO “enterprise” through a pattern of racketeering activity must be distinct from the enterprise); see also Bennett v. United States Trust Co. of New York, 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985) (“[W]e follow the majority view and hold that under section 1962(c) a corporate entity may not be simultaneously the ‘enterprise’ and the ‘person’ who conducts the affairs of the enterprise through a pattern of racketeering activity…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Securitron Magnalock Corp. v. Charles Schnabolk, Kalon Systems, Inc. And Andra Systems, Inc., Charles Schnabolk, Kalon Systems, Inc. And Andra Systems, Inc., Counter-Claimants v. Securitron Magnalock Corp., Counter-Defendant
Id. at 344-45 ; see also Bennett v. U.S. Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986). 50 While it is true that "a corporation cannot be both the enterprise and the person," Official Publications, Inc. v. Kable News Co., 884 F.2d 664, 668 (2d Cir.1989), the situation is different here.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Securitron Magnalock Corp. v. Schnabolk
Id. at 344-45 ; see also Bennett v. U.S. Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 315 (2d Cir.1985), ce rt. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hulcher v. United Behavioral Systems, Inc.
See e.g., Turner v. CF & I Steel Corp., 770 F.2d 43 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986); Spinelli v. Gaughan, 12 F.3d 853, 857-58 (9th Cir.1993); Borst v. Chevron Corp., 36 F.3d 1308 (5th Cir.1994).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United Accounts, Inc. v. Teladvantage, Inc.
See, e.g., Palazzo v. Gulf Oil Corp., 764 F.2d 1381, 1385 (11th Cir.1985), cert, denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 799 , 88 L.Ed.2d 775 (1986); Jones v. Niagara Frontier Transp.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Malone v. Microdyne Corp.
See, e.g., Bennett v. United States Trust Co., 770 F.2d 308, 313 (2nd Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Fidelity Bank, National Ass'n v. Avrutick
See, e.g., Marbury Management, Inc. v. Kohn, 629 F.2d 705 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1011 , 101 S.Ct. 566 , 66 L.Ed.2d 469 (1980), explained in Bennett v. United States Trust of N.Y., 770 F.2d 308, 314 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1058 , 106 S.Ct. 800 , 88 L.Ed.2d 776 (1986) ("[Ajlthough the misrepresentation was not related to the intrinsic investment characteristics of the stock involved, it did directly relate to the investment quality of the stock because had the plaintiffs known that their 'broker' was a trainee who had no expertise, they would not have accepted his recomm…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Bogarat
v.
Emerson
v.
Emerson
No. 85-788.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jan 13, 1986.
Published
Citer courts: S.D. Florida (1)
C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.