green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 2×
7.5 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 2 distinct cases, last quoted 1987 ·
…although we do not sanction the district court's failure to explicitly set forth its consideration of the kerr factors, we believe that the court's decision, which sets forth a consideration of the most relevant factors, is sufficiently detailed for meaningful review on appeal.
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1986 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1986
2006
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 31 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Gary Jordan v. Multnomah County
although we do not sanction the district court's failure to explicitly set forth its consideration of the kerr factors, we believe that the court's decision, which sets forth a consideration of the most relevant factors, is sufficiently detailed for meaningful review on appeal.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Jordan v. Multnomah County
although we do not sanction the district court's failure to explicitly set forth its consideration of the kerr factors, we believe that the court's decision, which sets forth a consideration of the most relevant factors, is sufficiently detailed for meaningful review on appeal.
discussed
Cited "see"
Webb v. City of Republic
See Friedman v. Board of County Commissioners, 781 F.2d 777 , 780 (10th Cir.1985) (en banc), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986); Harris v. City of Zion, 927 F.2d 1401, 1411 (7th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 505 U.S. 1229 , 112 S.Ct. 3054 , 120 L.Ed.2d 920 (1992).
discussed
Cited "see"
Colorado Cross-Disability Coalition v. Taco Bell Corp.
See Probe v. State Teachers’ Retirement System, 780 F.2d 776, 780 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986) (plaintiffs’ request for damages as well as injunctive relief did not preclude maintenance of action as class action under Rule 23(b)(2) where the monetary claim was incidental to the primary claim for injunctive relief); Jones v. Diamond, 519 F.2d 1090 , 1100 n. 17 (5th Cir.1975); Schreiber v. National Collegiate Athletic Ass’n, 167 F.R.D. 169, 176 (D.Kan.1996).
discussed
Cited "see"
Gruby v. Brady
See Probe v. State Teachers’ Retirement Sys., 780 F.2d 776 , 781 (9th Cir.) (upholding class certification and finding that no conflict exists between retired teachers seeking increased benefits and currently employed teachers who will theoretically have to pay such benefits), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986); Church v. Consolidated Freightways, Inc., No. C-90-2290, 1991 WL 284083 at *5-6. 1991 U.S.Dist.
discussed
Cited "see"
Walter Woodburn Eubanks v. James H. Billington, Tommy Shaw v. James H. Billington
See Probe v. State Teachers’ Retirement System, 780 F.2d 776, 780 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986); Holmes v. Continental Can Co., 706 F.2d 1144, 1152 (11th Cir.1983); Alexander v. Aero Lodge No. 735, 565 F.2d 1364 , 1372 (6th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 436 U.S. 946 , 98 S.Ct. 2849 , 56 L.Ed.2d 787 (1978) Wright et al., supra, § 1775, at 463-67; Moore et al., supra, ¶23.40[4], at 23-278; Newberg & Conte, supra, § 4.14, at 4- 48 to 4-A9.
discussed
Cited "see"
Becher v. Long Island Lighting Co.
See Gruby v. Brady, 838 F.Supp. 820, 826-27 (S.D.N.Y.1993) (holding “that certification of plaintiffs’ [ERISA] claims is not defeated by the presence of both retired and active Members in the proposed class”), citing, Probe v. State Teachers’ Retirement Sys., 780 F.2d 776 , 781 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986) (upholding class certification and finding that no conflict exists between retired teachers seeking increased benefits and currently employed teachers who will theoretically have to pay such benefits); Church v. Consolidated Freight…
cited
Cited "see"
United Paperworkers International Union v. Specialty Paperboard, Inc.
See Probe v. State Teachers’ Retirement System, 780 F.2d 776, 780 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Roberts v. Madigan
See Friedman v. Board of County Comm'rs of Bernalillo, 781 F.2d 777 , 779 n. 2 (10th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Roberts ex rel. Nelson v. Madigan
See Friedman v. Board of County Comm’rs of Bernalillo, 781 F.2d 777 , 779 n. 2 (10th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. City and County of San Francisco
Accord, Probe v. State Teachers’ Retirement Sys., 780 F.2d 776 , 785 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Murray v. City of Austin, Travis County, Tex.
See Friedman v. Board of County Commissioners of Bernalillo County, 781 F.2d 777, 781 (10th Cir.1985), cert. denied, *773 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Mendelson v. City of St. Cloud
See Friedman v. Board of County Comm’rs, 781 F.2d 777 , 781 (10th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986); American Civil Liberties Union v. City of Birmingham, 588 F.Supp. 1337 (E.D.Mich.1984), aff'd, 791 F.2d 1561 (6th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 939 , 107 S.Ct. 421 , 93 L.Ed.2d 371 (1986); Burette, 599 F.Supp. at 797 .
cited
Cited "see"
Kim v. Fujikawa
See Probe v. State Teachers’ Retirement System, 780 F.2d 776, 785 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Rodney Kim, Plaintiff/counterclaim-Defendant/appellee/cross-Appellant, and Pacific Electrical Contractors Association, Counterclaim-Defendant/appellee v. Thomas Fujikawa Galo Kimura Paul Sialana Tadashi Narimatsu, Defendants/counterclaimants/appellants/cross- Rodney Kim, Plaintiff/counterclaim-Defendant/appellee v. Thomas Fujikawa, Defendant/counterclaimant/appellant, and Thomas Fujikawa, Third-Party v. Rodney Kim, as Trustee of All Peca-Ibew Funds, Third-Party Rodney Kim, Plaintiff/counterclaim-Defendant/appellee, and Pacific Electrical Contractors Association, Counterclaim-Defendant/appellee v. Thomas Fujikawa Galo Kimura Paul Sialana Tadashi Narimatsu, Defendants/counterclaimants/appellants
See Probe v. State Teachers' Retirement System, 780 F.2d 776, 785 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Enegren v. MARATHON CTY. CLUB CONDO.
Quality Shell Homes & Supply Co. v. Roley, 186 So.2d 837, 841 (Fla. 1st DCA 1966); see Organized Fisherman of Fla. v. Hodel, 775 F.2d 1544 (11th Cir.1985), cert. *490 denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Shockley v. State
See Van Guilder v. State, 709 S.W.2d 178, 181 (Tex.Crim.App.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 1170, 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Tompkins v. State
(2×)
See Van Guilder v. State, 709 S.W.2d 178 (Tex.Cr.App.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986); Schuessler v. State, 719 S.W.2d 320 (Tex.Cr.App.1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Davis v. City of Camden
See Crane v. State of Texas, 759 F.2d 412 , 413 n. 19 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 106 S.Ct. 570 , 88 L.Ed.2d 555 (1985) (it is an "unexceptionable proposition that local governments and their officials who act in conformance with a state statutory scheme will not be held liable for § 1983 damages if the scheme is later held unconstitutional.") But see Rhode v. Denson, 776 F.2d 107, 110 (5th Cir.1985), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986) (acknowledging Crane but declining to address "whether or not a county official discharging a duty imposed by state law c…
discussed
Cited "see"
Dameron v. Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Inc.
See Probe v. State Teachers’ Retirement System, 780 F.2d 776, 785 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986). (“Despite the release of the other defendants (five of the six originals) plaintiffs achieved the major relief they sought in this case ... [therefore] no reduction of fees is warranted.”).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Ashmus v. Calderon
See, e.g., Probe v. State Teachers' Retire-merit System, 780 F.2d 776, 781 (9th Cir.) (noting that the fact that some class members may believe a challenged state retirement plan is legal does not create "conflict” sufficient to render class certification improper), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986). 21 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Thelma V.A. Gibson, Catherine H. Fahringer, F. Lee Bailey, Richard E. Gerstein, Edward A. Carhart, Paul M. Rashkind, Ronald C. Dresnick, Bonnie Rippingille, D/B/A Bailey, Gerstein, Carhart, Rashkind, Dresnick & Rippingille, P.A., Plaintiffs-Counterdefendants, Crossclaim David L. Paul, Intervenor-Appellant v. Resolution Trust Corporation, as Receiver, a United States Agent and Instrumentality, Defendant-Counterplaintiff, Crossclaim Centrust Bank, a Florida State Savings Bank, Citibank, N.A., a National Association, Centrust Federal Savings Bank, a Federal Savings Bank, Thelma V.A. Gibson, Catherine H. Fahringer, F. Lee Bailey, Richard E. Gerstein, Edward A. Carhart, Paul M. Rashkind, Ronald C. Dresnick, Bonnie Rippingille, D/B/A Bailey, Gerstein, Carhart, Rashkind, Dresnick & Rippingille, P.A., Plaintiffs-Counterdefendants, Crossclaim David L. Paul, Intervenor v. Resolution Trust Corporation, as Receiver, a United States Agent and Instrumentality, Defendant-Counterplaintiff, Crossclaim Centrust Bank, a Florida State Savings Bank, Citibank, N.A., a National Association, Centrust Federal Savings Bank, a Federal Savings Bank
Feldman, 20 F.3d at 1134 ; see also Organized Fishermen v. Hodel, 775 F.2d 1544 , 1549 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986) (citing Heckler v. Community Health Serv., 467 U.S. 51, 59 , 104 S.Ct. 2218, 2223 , 81 L.Ed.2d 42 (1984) (estoppel lies upon misrepresentation of fact and reasonable reliance on that misrepresentation)). 31 In applying traditional concepts of estoppel, we need only address the element of reliance to determine that estoppel is inappropriate in these circumstances because we find plaintiffs' reliance on any promise by CenTrus…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Gibson v. Resolution Trust Corp.
Feldman, 20 F.3d at 1134 ; see also Organized Fishermen v. Hodel, 775 F.2d 1544 , 1549 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986) (citing Heckler v. Community Health Serv., 467 U.S. 51, 59 , 104 S.Ct. 2218, 2223 , 81 L.Ed.2d 42 (1984) (estoppel lies upon misrepresentation of fact and reasonable reliance on that misrepresentation)).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Gelb v. American Telephone & Telegraph Co.
Compare Eisen v. Carlisle & Jacquelin, 391 F.2d 555, 564 (2d Cir.1968) (class action by odd-lot investor against brokerage firms was not properly brought under Rule 23(b)(2) since primary claim was for money damages) with Probe v. State Teachers’ Retirement Sys., 780 F.2d 776 , 780 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986) (plaintiffs’ request for money damages “is merely incidental to their primary claim for injunctive relief to prohibit the use of sex-based mortality tables”), and Parker v. Local Union No. 1466, United Steelworkers of America, 6…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. City of Spokane
See also Probe v. State Teachers’ Retirement Sys., 780 F.2d 776 , 782-84 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986), where we, in effect, recognized and applied the distinctions.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Joki v. BD. OF EDUC. OF SCHUYLERVILLE CENT. SD
Charles, 794 F.2d 265 (holding impermissible the prominent display of a cross on a public building); see also Friedman v. Bd. of County Comm'rs of Bernalillo, 781 F.2d 777, 782 (10th Cir.1985) (the presence of a Latin cross in a city logo violates the establishment clause), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986); cf. Kaplan v. City of Burlington, 891 F.2d 1024 (2d Cir.1989), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 110 S.Ct. 2619 , 110 L.Ed.2d 640 (1990) (declaring unconstitutional a city display of a menorah standing alone during Chanukah).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Joki v. Board of Education of the Schuylerville Central School District
Charles, 794 F.2d 265 (holding, impermissible the prominent display of a cross on a public building); see also Friedman v. Bd. of County Comm’rs of Bernalillo, 781 F.2d 777, 782 (10th Cir.1985) (the presence of a Latin cross in a city logo violates the establishment clause), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986); cf. Kaplan v. City of Burlington, 891 F.2d 1024 (2d Cir.1989), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 110 S.Ct. 2619 , 110 L.Ed.2d 640 (1990) (declaring unconstitutional a city display of a menorah standing alone during Chanukah).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Brundidge Banking Co. v. Pike County Agricultural Stabilization & Conservation Committee
See, e.g., Organized Fishermen of Fla. v. Hodel, 775 F.2d 1544 , 1549 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Brundidge Banking Company v. Pike County Agricultural Stabilization And Conservation Committee
See, e.g., Organized Fishermen of Fla. v. Hodel, 775 F.2d 1544 , 1549 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1169 , 106 S.Ct. 2890 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Region 8 Forest Service Timber Purchasers Council v. Alcock
With regard to the Environmental Act, it is clear that Plaintiffs’ environmental, informational, and participational interests fail to satisfy the prudential standing requirements imposed by the courts. “[A] right to specific information under [the Environmental Act] has so far been recognized for standing purposes only when the information sought relates to environmental interests that [the Environmental Act] was intended to protect____ [The Environmental Act’s] concern is to inform other governmental agencies and the public about the environmental consequences of its proposed activitie…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Goebel v. Colorado Department of Institutions
(2×)
See, e.g., Probe v. State Teachers' Retirement System, 780 F.2d 776, 780 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied 476 U.S. 1170 , 106 S.Ct. 2891 , 90 L.Ed.2d 978 (1986); Parker v. Local Union No. 1466, United Steelworkers of America, 642 F.2d 104, 107 (5th Cir.1981).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Probe
v.
California State Teachers' Retirement System
v.
California State Teachers' Retirement System
No. 85-1665.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jun 9, 1986.
Published
Citer courts: Ninth Circuit (2)
C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.