green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 3×
6.3 score
“while there is no fixed numerosity rule, 'generally less than twenty-one is inadequate, more than forty adequate, with numbers between varying according to other factors.”
Treatment trajectory · 1987 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1987
2006
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 28 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Likes v. DHL Express
it is readily apparent that at least 50 employees (and at least 33 percent of the employees) have been affected here.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Schmitt v. United States
generally less than twenty-one is inadequate, more than forty adequate, with numbers varying according to other factors.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Taylor v. Flagstar Bank, FSB
while there is no fixed numerosity rule, 'generally less than twenty-one is inadequate, more than forty adequate, with numbers between varying according to other factors.
discussed
Cited "see"
Perez v. PAVEX CORP.
See Cox v. *759 American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1559 (11th cir.) cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986); see also Cooper v. Southern Company, 390 F.3d 695, 719 (11th Cir.2004) (affirming district court’s decision to grant summary-judgment on plaintiffs’ individual pattern and practice claims after class certification had been denied).
cited
Cited "see"
In re HealthSouth Corp. Securities Litigation
See Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1557 (11th Cir.1986) cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Gess v. United States
See Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1556 (11th Cir.1986) cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986); Telectron, Inc. v. Overhead Door Corp., 116 F.R.D. 107 (S.D.Fla.1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Johnsen v. Collins
See Waldron v. Collins, 788 F.2d 736, 738 (11th Cir.1986), reh’g denied, 795 F.2d 89 (1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 884 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986); Bland v. McHann, 463 F.2d 21 , 28 & n. 24 (5th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 410 U.S. 966 , 93 S.Ct. 1438 , 35 L.Ed.2d 700 (1973).
discussed
Cited "see"
Johnsen v. Collins
See Waldron v. Collins, 788 F.2d 736, 738 (11th Cir.1986), reh'g denied, 795 F.2d 89 (1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 884 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986); Bland v. McHann, 463 F.2d 21 , 28 & n. 24 (5th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 410 U.S. 966 , 93 S.Ct. 1438 , 35 L.Ed.2d 700 (1973).
discussed
Cited "see"
Evans v. Evans
See Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1553 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986) (while there is no fixed numerosity rule, “generally less than twenty-one is inadequate, more than forty adequate, with numbers between varying according to other factors”).
discussed
Cited "see"
Taylor v. Liberty National Life Insurance
See Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1554 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986). *1517 The special treatment accorded back-pay claims in Holmes and Johnson turned on the heterogeneity and lack of cohesiveness among the class members with respect to such claims.
cited
Cited "see"
Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards, Inc.
See Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1561 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Washington v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp.
See Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1559 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986); and Griffin v. Carlin, 755 F.2d 1516, 1525 (11th Cir.1985). 5 .
cited
Cited "see"
Ray v. United States Department of Justice
See Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1553 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986); Griffin v. Carlin, 755 F.2d 1516, 1531 (11th Cir.1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Ray v. United States Department of Justice
See Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1553 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986); Griffin v. Carlin, 755 F.2d 1516, 1531 (11th Cir.1985). 31 We find no abuse of discretion in this case.
discussed
Cited "see"
Nicholas D. Lengen v. Department of Transportation, National Transportation Safety Board, and Federal Aviation Administration, Administrator
See Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1561 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986) (sua sponte conclusions by district court, without the factfinding required for resolution of the case, require remand). 8 .
cited
Cited "see"
Tye v. Houston County Board of Education
See Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1559 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Sennello v. Reserve Life Insurance
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1562 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Perry v. Household Retail Services, Inc.
See In re American Medical Systems, Inc., 75 F.3d 1069, 1082 (6th Cir.1996); see also Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe, 784 F.2d 1546 , 1557 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986) (the claims actually litigated in the suit must simply be those fairly represented by the named plaintiffs).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Mack v. General Motors Acceptance Corp.
See In re American Medical Systems, Inc., 75 F.3d 1069, 1082 (6th Cir.1996); see also Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1557 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986) (the claims actually litigated in the suit must simply be those fairly represented by the named plaintiffs).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Walco Investments, Inc. v. Thenen
See Eisen v. Carlisle & Jacquelin, 417 U.S. 156, 177-78 , 94 S.Ct. 2140, 2152-53 , 40 L.Ed.2d 732 (1974); See also Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1557 (11th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Calabritto v. Dillon
Bd., 731 F.2d 465 , 470 (8th Cir.1984) (in pattern and practice case, the employer bears burden of production and persuasion to show that it is more likely than not that it did not discriminate against the individual); see also Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546 (11th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986); In re Western Dist.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hartman v. Duffy
See also Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1557 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986) (class certification proper where plaintiffs represented employees in 49 job categories and alleged discriminatory treatment in compensation, promotion, medical coverage, and training, through overt discrimination, word-of-mouth recruiting, and subjective evaluations).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Forehand v. Florida State Hospital at Chattahoochee
See, e.g., Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546 (11th Cir.), 479 U.S. 888 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Ben Jones, John Issac Harvey Echols Jim Thornton Sherman Jones Henry Washington, Plaintiffs-Intervenors v. Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, Inc., Ben Jones, John Issac Harvey Echols Jim Thornton Sherman Jones Henry Washington, Plaintiffs-Intervenors v. Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, Inc.
When the plaintiff had no notice of or opportunity to apply for the job, such a reason for rejection is "legally insufficient and illegitimate." 28 738 F.2d 1126 , 1133-34 (11th Cir.1984) (quoting Harris v. Birmingham Bd. of Educ., 712 F.2d 1377, 1383 (11th Cir.1983)); see also Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1560 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986). 29 Although Jones need not show that he applied for the Dahlem post, he must show that he was qualified for the position in order to make out a prima facie case of discrimination.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Jones v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
When the plaintiff had no notice of or opportunity to apply for the job, such a reason for rejection is “legally insufficient and illegitimate.” 738 F.2d 1126 , 1133-34 (11th Cir.1984) (quoting Harris v. Birmingham Bd. of Educ., 712 F.2d 1377, 1383 (11th Cir.1983)); see also Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1560 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 883 , 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Colorado Civil Rights Commission v. Travelers Insurance Co.
Jan. 13, 1986) [available on WESTLAW, 1986 WL 5146 ] (under Title VII, employees entitled to recover pregnancy-related expenses which should have been covered by employer’s health insurance plan); see also Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546 (11th Cir.) (under Title VII, calculation of back pay award should include fringe benefits), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986); Sennello v. Reserve Life Ins.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Jacksonville Shipyards, Inc.
See Ford v. Fogarty Van Lines, Inc., 780 F.2d 1582, 1583 (11th Cir.1986) (clear record of delay or contumacious conduct by party necessary to justify dismissal or default sanction); see also Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1566 (11th Cir.) (court must make finding of bad faith resistance to discovery orders and indicate on record that less severe sanctions than dismissal were considered and rejected), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed.2d 250 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Charles ROBERTS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GADSDEN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, Defendant-Appellant. Gadsden County, Florida, Defendant
(2×)
See, e.g., Cox v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 784 F.2d 1546, 1560 (11th Cir.1986), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 274 , 93 L.Ed. 2d 250 (1986); Hill v. Seaboard Coast Line Railroad Co., 767 F.2d 771, 775 (11th Cir.1985); Carmichael v. Birmingham Saw Works, 738 F.2d 1126, 1133 (11th Cir.1984); Watson v. National Linen Service, 686 F.2d 877, 881 (11th Cir.1982); Rowe v. General Motors Corp., 457 F.2d 348 , 359 & n. 23 (5th Cir.1972); see also Payne v. Travenol Laboratories, Inc., 673 F.2d 798, 827 (5th Cir.1982).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Spector
v.
Commissioner of Internal Revenue
v.
Commissioner of Internal Revenue
No. 86-210.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 14, 1986.
Published
C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.