Eastman v. Dep't of Transp., 480 U.S. 906 (1987). · Go Syfert
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Eastman v. Dep't of Transp., 480 U.S. 906 (1987). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
103 citation events (1 in the last 25 years) across 26 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Pape Lift, Inc. (ca9, 1997-06-02) · Strongest negative: Original Appalachian Artworks, Inc. v. J.F. Reichert, Inc. (paed, 1987-03-13)
Treatment trajectory · 1987 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1987 2006 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 19 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited "but see" Original Appalachian Artworks, Inc. v. J.F. Reichert, Inc.
E.D. Pa. · 1987 · signal: but see · confidence high
But see, Dreyer v. ARCO Chemical Company, 801 F.2d 651 (3d Cir.1986), ce rt. denied, — U.S.-, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987), (finding that employer’s violation of Age Discrimination in Employment Act in disparate treatment case was “willful” may not be based solely on evidence that employer knew or acted in reckless disregard of whether its conduct violated the ADEA, but requires some additional evidence of “outrageous conduct” beyond mere violation of ADEA).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Pape Lift, Inc.
9th Cir. · 1997 · confidence medium
Co., 801 F.2d 651, 657 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987), the Third Circuit concluded that because of the need to “seek a standard for willfulness that distinguishes between a violation, which is almost always intentional, and a willful violation,” and to avoid basing an award of liquidated damages “on evidence that ... merely duplicate^] that needed for the compensatory damages,” plaintiffs would be required to introduce “additional evidence of outrageous conduct.” Id. at 658.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) 73 Fair empl.prac.cas. (Bna) 1870, 70 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 44,781, 97 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 4129, 97 Daily Journal D.A.R. 6923 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Plaintiff-Appellant-Cross-Appellee v. Pape Lift, Inc., D/B/A Hyster Sales Company, Defendant-Appellee-Cross-Appellant
9th Cir. · 1997 · confidence medium
Co., 801 F.2d 651, 657 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987), the Third Circuit concluded that because of the need to "seek a standard for willfulness that distinguishes between a violation, which is almost always intentional, and a willful violation," and to avoid basing an award of liquidated damages "on evidence that ... merely duplicate[s] that needed for the compensatory damages," plaintiffs would be required to introduce "additional evidence of outrageous conduct." Id. at 658. 18 This additional evidence test, however, was among a number of po…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Furr v. AT & T Technologies, Inc.
10th Cir. · 1987 · confidence medium
S.Ct. 1348, 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987); Lindsey v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 810 F.2d 1094, 1099-1101 (11th Cir.1987).
cited Cited "see" Moideen v. Gillespie
9th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 , 1456 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
cited Cited "see" 19 Employee Benefits Cas. 1708, Pens. Plan Guide P 23912q Dean Moideen John Wright Maribeth Kaye Kathleen Snyder Patricia Malczewski, as Trustees of United Healthcare Benefits v. Roxani M. Gillespie, Commissioner of the California Department of Insurance
9th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 , 1456 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" John D. Starceski, at No. 94-3208 v. Westinghouse Electric Corporation, at No. 94-3182
3rd Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Fed.R.Evid. 803(6) 10 This rejection of the "outrageous" standard effectively overrules our decisions in Lockhart v. Westinghouse Credit Corp., 879 F.2d 43, 57-58 (3d Cir.1989) and Dreyer v. Arco Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987) 11 The record also shows that five of the six individuals selected for layoff were in the protected age group, and Starceski was the oldest.
discussed Cited "see" Finch v. Hercules Inc.
D. Del. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Dreyer v. Arco Chemical Co., Div. of Atlantic Richfield, Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3d Cir.1986) (“evidence that the employer had previously violated the ADEA might warrant imposition of liquidated damages____”), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Chalawsky v. Sun Refining and Marketing Co., Inc.
D. Del. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
Liquidated Damages 3 Liquidated damages are available in an ADEA action only if the alleged violation is proved to be “willful.” 29 U.S.C. § 626 (b); see Dreyer v. Arco Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 656 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. District of Columbia, Department of Human Services
D.D.C. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Dreyer v. ARCO Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3rd Cir.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" 44 Fair empl.prac.cas. 391, 43 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 37,229 Edward S. Furr, Lynden E. Petersen, Daniel F. O'connell, and James W. Hunt, Plaintiffs-Appellees/cross-Appellants, and Jon A. Easter, Lee W. Fowler, and Marvin C. Brown v. At & T Technologies, Inc., Defendant-Appellant/cross-Appellee
10th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Dreyer v. Arco Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987); Lindsey v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 810 F.2d 1094, 1099-1101 (11th Cir.1987). 28 The evidence also supports the district court's finding of a willful violation.
discussed Cited "see" Polykoff v. Collins
9th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
Pullman abstention is appropriate if "difficult and unsettled questions of state law must be resolved before a substantial federal constitutional question can be decided." Midkiff, 467 U.S. at 236 , 104 S.Ct. 2327 ; see McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 , 1458 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Polykoff v. Collins
9th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
Pullman abstention is appropriate if “difficult and unsettled questions of state law must be resolved before a substantial federal constitutional question can be decided.” Midkiff, 467 U.S. at 236 , 104 S.Ct. 2327 ; see McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 , 1458 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." 287 Corporate Center Associates v. The Township of Bridgewater, a Municipal Corporation of the State of New Jersey
3rd Cir. · 1996 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 (9th Cir.1986) (applying personal injury statute of limitations to § 1983 action for inverse condemnation), ce rt. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987). *324 2.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Hill v. State of Tenn.
M.D. Tenn. · 1994 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 , 1457 (9th Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987); Dunn v. State of Tennessee, 697 F.2d 121, 127-28 (6th Cir. 1982), cert. denied, 460 U.S. 1086 , 103 S.Ct. 1778 , 76 L.Ed.2d 349 (1983).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Colgan v. Fisher Scientific Co.
W.D. Pa. · 1990 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare Dreyer v. Arco Chemical Co., 801 F.2d *305 651, 655 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Jackson v. GTE Directories Service Corp.
N.D. Tex. · 1990 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Dreyer v. ARCO Chemical Co., Div. of Atlantic Richfield Co., 801 F.2d 651, 654 (3d Cir.1986) (treating last three factors as one), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987). 17 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." 47 Fair empl.prac.cas. 273, 47 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 38,114, 25 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 1366 Carl Schrand, Cross-Appellant v. Federal Pacific Electric Company, Reliance Electric Company, Cross-Appellees
6th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Dreyer v. ARCO Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987) (requires a showing of "outrageous" conduct to establish willfulness); Lindsey v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 810 F.2d 1094, 1099-1100 (11th Cir.1987) (rejects "outrageous conduct" standard for a case-by-case determination of good faith question); Gilliam v. Armtex, Inc., 820 F.2d 1387, 1390 (4th Cir.1987) (something more required than "a retrospective finding that there was a simple violation of the statute"); Cooper v. Asplundh Tree Expert Co., 836 F.2…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Schrand v. Federal Pacific Electric Co.
6th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Dreyer v. ARCO Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3d Cir. 1986), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987) (requires a showing of “outrageous” conduct to establish willfulness); Lindsey v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 810 F.2d 1094, 1099-1100 (11th Cir.1987) (rejects “outrageous conduct” standard for a case-by-case determination of good faith question); Gilliam v. Armtex, Inc., 820 F.2d 1387, 1390 (4th Cir.1987) (something more required than “a retrospective finding that there was a simple violation of the statute”); Cooper v. Asplundh Tree Expert …
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Eastman
v.
Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration
No. 86-1074.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Mar 2, 1987.
480 U.S. 906
Published

C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.