Massarella v. Illinois, 449 U.S. 1077 (1981). · Go Syfert
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Massarella v. Illinois, 449 U.S. 1077 (1981). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
280 citation events (31 in the last 25 years) across 79 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Wiseman v. Santiva, Inc (ilnd, 2022-12-13)
Treatment trajectory · 1981 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1981 2003 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
cited Cited "see" Wiseman v. Santiva, Inc
N.D. Ill. · 2022 · signal: see · confidence high
See Reeves v. International Telephone & Telegraph Corp. (5th Cir.1980), 616 F.2d 1342 , 1353, cert. denied (1981), 449 U.S. 1077 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 , 101 S.Ct. 857 .
cited Cited "see" Wiseman v. Santiva, Inc
N.D. Ill. · 2022 · signal: see · confidence high
See Reeves v. International Telephone & Telegraph Corp. (5th Cir.1980), 616 F.2d 1342 , 1353, cert. denied (1981), 449 U.S. 1077 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 , 101 S.Ct. 857 .
discussed Cited "see" Prosser v. Thiele Kaolin Co.
M.D. Ga. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See Reeves v. International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., 616 F.2d 1342, 1353 (5th Cir. 1980)'(“Good faith requires some duty to investigate potential liability____”), cert, de- - nied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (.1981), .
discussed Cited "see" Ramsey v. State of Alabama Public Service Com'n
M.D. Ala. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Reeves v. International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., 616 F.2d 1342, 1353 (5th Cir.1980) (“Good faith requires some duty to investigate potential liability.... ”), cert. denied 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); see also EEOC v. White and Son Enterprises, 881 F.2d 1006 (11th Cir.1989).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Richter (2×)
C.A.A.F. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
Id .; see United States v. Turkish , 623 F.2d 769, 773-74, 777 (2d Cir. 1980), cert . denied , 449 U.S. 1077 (1981), and cases cited therein.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Ochoa
10th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 774-76 (2d Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 (1981) (discussing balancing of competing interests, including general Fifth Amendment due process fairness accorded to defendants).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Gerardo Ochoa
10th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 774-76 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 (1981) (discussing balancing of competing interests, including general Fifth Amendment due process fairness accorded to defendants). 11 The record here does not reveal that the government coerced witnesses to invoke their Fifth Amendment privilege or that the government's refusal to grant immunity was "a deliberate attempt to distort the fact finding process." See United States v. Chalan, 812 F.2d 1302, 1310 (10th Cir.1987) (quotation omitted).
discussed Cited "see" Carter v. United States (2×)
D.C. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 776 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Peterson (2×)
Iowa Ct. App. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 775-77 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Miller v. Beneficial Management Corp.
D.N.J. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Reeves v. International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., 616 F.2d 1342, 1353 (5th Cir.1980) (purpose of back pay under EPA is to "reasonably restore the employee to the same situation he would have occupied if he had not been discharged”), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); see also Anderson v. Mt.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Mauser
S.D.N.Y. · 1989 · signal: accord · confidence high
See Hammerschmidt v. United States, 265 U.S. 182, 188 , 44 S.Ct. 511, 512 , 68 L.Ed. 968 (1924) (“To conspire to defraud the United States means ... to interfere with or obstruct one of its lawful governmental functions by deceit, craft or trickery, or at least by means that are dishonest.”); accord United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 771 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); United States v. Klein, 247 F.2d 908, 916 (2d Cir.1957), cert. denied, 355 U.S. 924 , 78 S.Ct. 365 , 2 L.Ed.2d 354 (1958).
discussed Cited "see" Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. White and Son Enterprises, a Corporation
11th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Reeves v. International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., 616 F.2d 1342, 1353 (5th Cir.1980) (“Good faith requires some duty to investigate potential liability_”), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Hawks v. City of Newport News, Va.
E.D. Va. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Reeves v. International Telephone & Telegraph Corp., 616 F.2d 1342, 1353 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Robert Demartino, Appellant-Cross-Appellee v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Appellee-Cross-Appellant
2d Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769 (2d *404 Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Bucey
N.D. Ill. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 771 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); United States v. Watson, 594 F.2d 1330, 1341 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 840 , 100 S.Ct. 78 , 62 L.Ed.2d 51 (1979) (“[a] charge of conspiracy is sufficient if it follows the statutory language and contains an adequate statement of an overt act to effectuate the object of the conspiracy, and the requisite overt act need not be criminal in itself.”).
cited Cited "see" Marcus v. Commissioner
Tax Ct. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769 (2d Cir. 1980) , cert. denied 449 U.S. 1077 ↩ (1981) . 12.
discussed Cited "see" State v. Simms
Conn. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
At the time of this incident, in April of 1982, article first, § 8, of the Connecticut constitution provided that “[n]o person shall be held to answer for any crime, punishable by death or life imprisonment, unless on a presentment of an indictment of a grand jury . . . ,” 4 The constitutional requirement of indictment by a grand jury was designed “to interpose, between the state and one accused of a crime for which the punishment may be death or life imprisonment, a body of eighteen disinterested persons . . . .” State v. Menillo, 159 Conn. 264, 275 , 268 A.2d 667 (1970); see State v…
cited Cited "see" United States v. Richard Shandell
2d Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 778 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Antonio Badalamenti, Andrea Gambino, Ferdinando Capasso, Defendants
2d Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769 , 777-78 & n. 5 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Gardner
cma · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 775 (2d Cir.1980), ce rt. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981) (one method for the Government to meet its burden in this regard is "by cataloguing or ‘freezing’ the evidence known to the Government prior to the immunized testimony”). .
discussed Cited "see" Harding v. People (2×)
Colo. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769 (2nd Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); In re Kilgo, 484 F.2d 1215 (4th Cir.1973); United States v. Thevis, 665 F.2d 616 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 825 , 103 S.Ct. 57 , 74 L.Ed.2d 61 (1982); United States v. Lenz, 616 F.2d 960 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 447 U.S. 929 , 100 S.Ct. 3028 , 65 L.Ed.2d 1124 (1980); United States v. Frans, 697 F.2d 188 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 104 S.Ct. 104 , 78 L.Ed.2d 107 (1983); United States v. Hunter, 672 F.2d 815 (10th Cir.1982); United States v. Carlin,…
discussed Cited "see" State v. Hamlin
Vt. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 772-73 (2d Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 (1981) (defense witness immunity rejected by almost all federal circuit courts which have considered the issue).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Montgomery
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 773 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); Government of Virgin Islands v. Smith, 615 F.2d 964 (3d Cir.1980); United States v. Herman, 589 F.2d 1191, 1199-1205 (3d Cir.1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 913 , 99 S.Ct. 2014 , 60 L.Ed.2d 386 (1979).
cited Cited "see" State v. Summers
N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F. 2d 769 (2 Cir.1980), cert. den. 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed. 2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Sanabria (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Conn. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Stepney, 181 Conn. 268 , 435 A.2d 701 (1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S. Ct. 856 , 66 L.
discussed Cited "see" Commonwealth v. Upton (2×)
Mass. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 778 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 (1981).
cited Cited "see" EEOC v. State of RI
D.R.I. · 1982 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Reeves v. International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., 616 F.2d 1342, 1352 (5th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Rhode Island
D.R.I. · 1982 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Reeves v. International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., 616 F.2d 1342, 1352 (5th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Canady (2×)
Conn. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
Ed. 2d 625 (1971) ; see State v. Stepney, 181 Conn. 268, 280 , 435 A.2d 701 (1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S. Ct. 856 , 66 L.
discussed Cited "see" Metropolitan Detroit Bricklayers District Council v. J. E. Hoetger & Company
6th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
La Mirada Trucking, Inc. v. Teamsters Local 166, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America, 538 F.2d 286 , 288 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1062 , 97 S.Ct. 787 , 50 L.Ed.2d 778 (1977); Fibreboard Paper Products Corp. v. East Bay Union of Machinists, Local 1304, 344 F.2d 300 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 382 U.S. 826 , 86 S.Ct. 61 , 15 L.Ed.2d 71 (1965); see Lightsey v. Harding, Dahm & Company, Inc., 623 F.2d 1219, 1221-22 (7th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 855 , 66 L.Ed.2d 799 (1981) (since Indiana Real Estate Commissio…
cited Cited "see" State v. Cosgrove
Conn. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
Ed. 2d 625 (1971); see State v. Stepney, 181 Conn. 268, 280 , 435 A.2d 701 (1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S. Ct. 856 , 66 L.
discussed Cited "see" Metropolitan Detroit Bricklayers District Council v. J. E. Hoetger & Co.
6th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
La Mirada Trucking, Inc. v. Teamsters Local 166, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America, 538 F.2d 286, 288 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1062 , 97 S.Ct. 787 , 50 L.Ed.2d 778 (1977); Fibreboard Paper Products Corp. v. East Bay Union of Machinists, Local 1304, 344 F.2d 300 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 382 U.S. 826 , 86 S.Ct. 61 , 15 L.Ed.2d 71 (1965); see Lightsey v. Harding, Dahm & Company, Inc., 623 F.2d 1219, 1221-22 (7th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 855 , 66 L.Ed.2d 799 (1981) (since Indiana Real Estate Commission…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Rogers
N.H. · 2009 · signal: see also · confidence low
This strict standard “reduces the possibility of cooperative perjury between defendants and their .. . witnesses and ensures that the judiciary will not lightly interfere with prosecutorial decisions ....” Id. at 815 ; see Earl, 361 F.2d at 534 (discussing separation of powers concerns in conferring witness immunity); see also United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 772-77 (2d Cir. 1980) (discussing history and alternate justifications for defense witness immunity following Earl), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Kendall
W. Va. · 2006 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 772-75 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); United States v. Klauber, 611 F.2d 512 , 517 n. 10 (4th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 908 , 100 S.Ct. 1835 , 64 L.Ed.2d 261 (1980).
cited Cited "see, e.g." State v. Holmes
Conn. App. Ct. · 2000 · signal: see also · confidence low
Ed. 2d 199 (1976); see also United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 777 (2d Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S. Ct. 856 , 66 L.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Roy
N.H. · 1995 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769 (2d Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 (1981) (majority of courts addressing identical federal use immunity statute have rejected claims for defense witness immunity except in unusual circumstances).
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Raniere
D.N.J. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence low
United States v. Allshouse, 622 F.2d 53, 56 (3d Cir.1980); see also ICC v. Gould, 629 F.2d 847, 861 (3d Cir.1980), cert. denied 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. William A. Kilpatrick, Declan J. O'donnell, Sheila C. Lerner, the Bank of Nova Scotia, Michael Alberga, C.S. Gill, and C.M. Smith (2×)
10th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
Dennis, 384 U.S. at 860 , 86 S.Ct. at 1843 ; see also United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 771 (2nd Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Isaac James Tindle, A/K/A I.J.
4th Cir. · 1986 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 773-74, 777-78 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981): The established content of the Sixth Amendment does not support a claim for defense witness immunity.
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. General Nutrition, Inc.
W.D.N.Y. · 1986 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 771 (2d Cir.1980), cert. *563 denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." William Dove v. George A. Coupe, James Dovean Jewell v. George A. Coupe, D/B/A Admiral Limousine Service
D.C. Cir. · 1985 · signal: see also · confidence low
The drivers supplied sufficient data and testimony for “the trial court [to] make a meaningful decision on damages.” Majchrzak v. Chrysler Credit Corp., 537 F.Supp. 33, 38 (E.D.Mich.1981); see also Reeves v. International Telephone & Telegraph Corp., 616 F.2d 1342, 1352 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); Marshall v. R & M Erectors, Inc., 429 F.Supp. 771 , 777 n.23 (D.Del.1977); Bingham v. Airport Limousine Service, 314 F.Supp. 565, 574 (W.D.Ark.1970).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Peirce
Minn. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 772-75 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); United States v. Thevis, 665 F.2d 616, 639-40 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 1008 , 102 S.Ct. 2300 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1303 (1982); United States v. Klauber, 611 F.2d 512 , 517 n. 10 (4th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 908 , 100 S.Ct. 1835 , 64 L.Ed.2d 261 (1980); Earl v. United States, 361 F.2d 531 (D.C.Cir.1966), cert. denied, 388 U.S. 921 -22, 87 S.Ct. 2121 , 18 L.Ed.2d 1370 (1967).
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. F. Thomas Little, United States of America v. Peter Chernik, United States of America v. Harold Grutchfield
9th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 771 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Howard Mattheson v. John T. King, Secretary of the Department of Corrections
5th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see also · confidence low
Autry v. Estelle, 706 F.2d 1394, 1401 (5th Cir.1983); United States v. Chagra, 669 F.2d 241, 258-59 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 846 , 103 S.Ct. 102 , 74 L.Ed.2d 92 (1982); United States v. Thevis, 665 F.2d 616, 639-41 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 825 , 103 S.Ct. 57 , 74 L.Ed.2d 61 (1982); see also United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 778 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Beryl N. Jones v. Caddo Parish School Board v. June Phillips, Movant-Appellant (2×)
5th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Reeves v. IT & T, 616 F.2d 1342 , 1349 (5th Cir.1980), ce rt. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Agha Kaleem Ullah Khan
5th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see also · confidence low
See United States v. Goodwin, 625 F.2d 693, 700 (5th Cir.1980); United States v. Lacouture, 495 F.2d 1237, 1240 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1053 , 95 S.Ct. 631 , 42 L.Ed.2d 648 (1974); see also *679 United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 774 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 856 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); United States v. Trejo-Zambrano, 582 F.2d 460, 464 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1005 , 99 S.Ct. 618 , 58 L.Ed.2d 682 (1978).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Burnley v. Short
4th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Reeves v. International Telephone & Telegraph Corp., 616 F.2d 1342 , 1353 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); Barcellona v. Tiffany English Pub, Inc., 597 F.2d 464, 468-69 (5th Cir. 1979); Mitchell v. Hausman, 261 F.2d 778, 780 (5th Cir.1958).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." ca4 1984
4th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Reeves v. International Telephone & Telegraph Corp., 616 F.2d 1342, 1353 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); Barcellona v. Tiffany English Pub, Inc., 597 F.2d 464, 468-69 (5th Cir.1979); Mitchell v. Hausman, 261 F.2d 778, 780 (5th Cir.1958).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary, United States Department of Labor v. Square D Company
5th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Reeves v. International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., 616 F.2d 1342, 1350 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 , 101 S.Ct. 857 , 66 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Commonwealth v. Curtis
Mass. · 1983 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Turkish, 623 F.2d 769, 773-774 (2d Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1077 (1981); United States v. Lenz, 616 F.2d 960, 962-963 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 447 U.S. 929 (1980); United States v. Smith, 542 F.2d 711, 715 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1027 (1976); United States v. Alessio, 528 F.2d 1079, 1081 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 948 (1976); Thompson v. Garrison, 516 F.2d 986, 988 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 933 (1975).
Massarella
v.
Illinois
No. 80-304.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jan 12, 1981.
449 U.S. 1077
Cited by 2 opinions  |  Published

App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.